1、1【英译汉】【Passage 1】Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodalls childhood dream was to live amon
2、g the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on Englands southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it se
3、emed.Its hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cooks, the travel agen
4、cy, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cooks office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey Nairobi was a small town
5、for its white population in those days and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees 2sh
6、are an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africas wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe
7、Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use t
8、ools extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass drastically and forever altered humanitys understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural worlds only user of tools.After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scien
9、tist to conservationist.参考译文1957 年 3 月，当珍妮古道尔（Jane Goodall）在伦敦码头候船时，她发现护照不见了。再有几个小时，她就要出发第一次前往非洲。古道尔有个已经迁往非洲内罗毕郊外农场生活的校友，知道古道尔从小的愿望就是要到非洲与野生动物朝夕相伴，遂邀请古道尔到内罗毕自己家小住一阵。那年，古道尔 22 岁，为了攒够肯尼亚之行的旅费，过去两年，她在英国南部海滨城市伯恩茅斯（Bournemouth ）老家做过服务生、文秘3和邮局临时工。现在，她的一切努力似乎都要白费了。幸亏有人捡到她的护照，连同护照夹着折好了的由库克（Cook）旅行社出具的行程单，一并
10、送回到了库克旅行社。一名库克旅行社代表拿着这些证件材料，在码头找到了古道尔。这才有了古道尔后来的自然保护工作和科学研究，并改变了我们对人类自身这个物种的认识。如果没人捡到，很难想象古道尔的人生轨迹会是哪般，“失而复得，真难以置信，”古道尔 上个月告诉我时说，“ 这太神奇了。”内罗毕当年还是一座小镇。在古道尔到达后不到两个月，她见到了时任自然历史博物馆馆长的人类学家路易士李基（Louis Leakey），李基请她到馆里工作。在随后的三年里，李基花了许多时间，检验古道尔开展重复性工作的能力。李基相信查尔斯达尔文最先提出的假设：即人类与黑猩猩都由同一个祖先进化而来。李基认为，在野外对黑猩猩进行详细研
11、究，或许会有一些关于这个共同祖先的发现。换句话说，他正在寻找一位可以与黑猩猩一起生活的人。一天晚上，李基告诉古道尔，他知道一个刚好可以研究黑猩猩的地方：位于英国殖民地坦噶尼喀（今坦桑尼亚）的贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区（Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve）。1960 年 7 月，古道尔登上了一艘小船，在温暖的坦噶尼喀深湖上航行数小时后，在贡贝的一个鹅卵石沙滩登陆。古道尔的研究发现刊登在 1964 年的自然期刊上。古道尔发现，黑猩猩会使用工具，即利用草叶从白蚁丘里勾到白蚁吃。这项发现彻底改变了人类一直以来对自身的4认识。人类从此不再是自然界唯一一个可以使用工具的动物。古道尔用了
12、 25 年时间去实现儿时的梦想，后来她突然放弃科研，从事自然保护工作。【翻译：许由太】【英译汉】 【Passage 2】Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life.Although the source and the c
13、hemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life.The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Ma
14、rs obtained by NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planets equatorial region.5The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when th
15、e temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements.Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hyd
16、rated minerals, would have evaporated.Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide.But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That
17、 data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.参考译文周一发表的一篇文章说，科学家在火星表面最近的夏天发现有盐水流过的痕迹，这项发现增加了火星可繁育生命的可能性。火星是太阳系中与地球最相似的行星。虽然上述盐水的水源与成分仍旧是
18、个迷，但是这项发现将会改变科学家关于火星能否繁育当今的微生物的想法。6科学家们发明了一项新技术，用来分析由美国国家航空航天局的火星勘测轨道飞行器获取的火星表面化学成分图，这才有了这项发现。在火星赤道区域崖壁上的狭窄深沟里，科学家发现了最能说明问题的盐迹，而盐需要水才能存在。在温暖的夏季月份，这些斜坡才会出现，随着气温降低，斜坡渐渐消失。科学家们怀疑这些条纹是由于流水侵蚀而成的，但在先前无法进行测量。火星勘测轨道飞行器在火星最炎热的时候，勘测了深沟，所以科学家认为，任何的水源，或者含水矿物在那时都已蒸发殆尽。此外，火星勘测轨道飞行器上的化学探测仪器无法传回像条纹那样细小的详细信息，而这些条纹通宽
19、度常不到 16 英尺。但是，欧贾（Ojha ）与同事 们发明了一个可以仔细分析每个像素的计算机程序。然后，利用这些像素数据与高分辨率的条纹图片进行比对。科学家聚焦火星上最宽的那些条纹图片，得到了一个条纹位置与含水盐发现位置 100%匹配的结果。【汉译英】 【Passage 1】7人口问题归根结底是发展问题。我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。我们要重点关注人口分布结构与社会经济发展的关系，把人口问题纳入到国家经济社会发展规划。人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的主要力量，同时也加快了家庭的小型化、
20、多样化、离散化。我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化，着力提升流动人口服务管理水平，确保流动人口公平公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利，全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活，实现经济立足、身份认同和文化交融。Population-related issues are basically a matter of development. We shall pay attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development as we take a holistic approach to iss
21、ues regarding population quantity, quality, composition, and distribution. In this connection, we shall pay particular attention to the relationship between the distribution pattern of population and economic and social development, and include population issues into Chinas overall economic and soci
22、al development plan.The population mobility and changes in family structure will pose a challenge for public services and social governance as a whole. Large population movement has become a major driving force for social progress and led to smaller diversified families with scattered members.8We sh
23、all work hard to provide equal public services for migrants and improve service and management to ensure that they have a fair and equal access to urban public resources and social welfare. We shall strive to get them actively involved in political, economic, social and cultural affairs as a way to
24、realize their financial independence with a sense of belonging among diverse cultures. 【汉译英】 【Passage 2】本美术馆是以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家艺术博物馆，是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。主楼建筑面积 18000 多平方米 ，共有 17 个展览厅，展览总面积 8300 平方米。本美术馆现收藏各类美术作品 10 万余件，以 19 世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主，兼有部分古代
25、书画和外国艺术作品，同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。建馆以来，本美术馆已举办数千场具有影响的各类美术展览，也成为中国与国际艺术交流的重要平台。本美术馆也注重通过网站及“数字美术馆” 项目建设延展公众服务内容和手段，网站 3 次改版，建成 10 多个美术数据库，日益成为美术信息发布、检索与共享平台。The Museum, a national cultural landmark after foundation of P. R. China, is a national art museum dedicated to collection, research and exhibitions of
26、modern and contemporary 9artistic works in China. The main building, a pseudo-archaic attic with yellow glazed tile roof, is surrounded by corridors and pavilions, with distinctive traditional architecture style. The 18,000-square-meter building boasts 17 exhibition halls of over 8,300 square meters
27、 of exhibition area. Among more than 100,000 pieces of different collections the Museum houses, most of them are representative works of different periods and/or famous artists created within the span from the end of 19th century until today. The collections, coupled with some ancient paintings and
28、calligraphy works and foreign artistic works, come with abundant folk art works. Since its establishment, the Museum has held thousands of influential exhibitions, emerging as an important platform of artistic exchange between China and other countries. The Museum also works to expand public service scope and means through its website and the “digital museum” project. It has upgraded its official website for 3 times and set up over 10 art databases, evolving into a platform in releasing, searching and sharing of art information. 【官方译文，有改动/许由太】
