第8章 应用：税收的代价要点：税收如何减少消费者和生产者剩余无谓损失The Effects of a TaxSize of taxQuantity0PricePrice buyerspayPrice sellersreceiveDemandSupplyPricewithout taxQuantitywithout taxQuantitywith taxThe price paid by consumers is higherThe price received by firms is lower.And the quantity declines.Who benefits?税收如何影响市场参与者l买者得到的利益（消费者剩余）：买者愿意为某种物品支付的量减去他们实际支付的量。卖者得到的利益（生产者剩余）：卖者为一种物品得到的量减去其成本。l政府的衡量指标：Tax RevenueT=the size of the taxQ=the quantity of the good soldT Q=the governments tax revenueTax RevenueTaxrevenue(T
