1、本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! 浙江省 2003 年 1 月高等教育自学考试 一、单项选择题 (在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题 2分，共 20分 ) 1._ is NOT a design feature of human language. ( ) A. Cultural transmission B. Displacement C. Duality of structure D. Prescriptivism 2. Vibration of
2、the vocal cords results in _. ( ) A. aspiration B.nasality C. obstruction D. voicing 3. The word simplifications has _ morphemes in it. ( ) A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 4. We vowed to fight on until all our demands were met is a sentence. ( ) A. coordinate B. complex C. compound D.simple 5. The relationship
3、between fruit and apple is _. ( ) A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy 6. Interviewer and interviewee are a pair of _ opposites. ( ) A. complementary B. gradable C. complete D. relational 7. The maxim of _ requires that a participants contribution be relevant to the conversation. ( ) A. q
4、uantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 8. The regular consonant changes found among cognates in the Germanic languages were known as _Law. ( ) A. Bopps B. Grimms C. Jones D. Rasks 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! 9. When a _ comes to be adopted by a population as its
5、primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes . ( ) A. creole. pidgin B. pidgin. creole C. regional dialect.lingua franca D. lingua franca.regional dialect 10. A child who knows the general plural form may apply the rule to irregular nouns and produce foots. This is call
6、ed _. ( ) A. assimilation B. transfer C. overgeneralization D. underextension 二、填空题 (在下列空格中填上以给出字母开始的恰当的单词。每空 1分，共 16 分 ) 1. In F. de Saussures dichotomy, langue_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; parol is its realization in actual use. 2. Lang
7、uage is a system of arbitrary_ vocal symbols for human communication. 3. Morphology studies how words are formed, while syntax studies how words are combined to form sentences. 4. In the study of meaning, sense_意义 _ is only concerned with relations between linguistic elements; reference_指陈 _ deals w
8、ith the relationship between the linguistic element and non linguistic world of experience. 5. Conversational implicature 会话含义 _ may arise as a result of a speakers violation of the cooperational principle. 6. Sociolect 社 会方言 _ are varieties of languages used by people belonging to particular social
9、 classes; ethnic_种族方言 dialect is spoken mainly by a less privileged social class; idiolect个人方言 is a personal dialect. 7. In the second language acquisition, there is supposed to be a critical 临界假说 period, which lasts from age two to puberty. 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕
10、 业 ! 8. The localization of cognitive and perceptual function in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called left hemisphere_左脑 _. 9. A learner has instrumental 工具性动机 _ motivation when he learns a second language in order to use it functionally, while integrative_综合性动机 _ motivation occurs when th
11、e learners goal is social. 10. Interlanguage 中介语 _is an approximate language system that a second language learner constructs, which represents the learners transitional competence in the target language. 三、判断改错题 (判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内打 T，错的打 F，并改正。每小题 2 分，共20分。 ) 1. Synchronic study describes language
12、as it changes through time. (F ) Synchronic study describe language at some point of time in history. 2. Monosyllabic 单音节的 words can also have word stress. ( T ) 3. All affixes are bound morphemes. ( F ) 4. He saw a child entails He saw a girl. ( F ) He saw a girl entails He saw a child 5. In pragma
13、tics, utterance meaning is concrete and context independent .( F ) In pragmatics, utterance meaning is concrete and context-dependent .(依赖语境的 ) 6. Only sociological factors contribute to language change. (F ) 7. The word UN is a n abbreviation, while TV is an acronym. ( ) 8. Euphemisms may serve as
14、substitutes for taboo words. ( ) 9. The strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language determine thought. ( ) 10. Interference from ones first language may occur at all levels of grammar. ( ) 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! 四、名词解释 (并至少举一例加以说明。每小题 4
15、分，共 24分 ) 1. derivational morpheme2. stylistic synonyms3. illocutionary act4. blending5. standard language6. telegraphic speech 五、论述题（每小题 10 分，共 20分） 1.Tell the difference between phone, phoneme and allophone. 2.For each of the following two sentences, draw a tree diagram of its underlying structure
16、 that will reveal the difference in the relationship between John and please. 1)John is eager to please. 2)John is easy to please . 全国 2003 年 10 月高等教育自学考试 I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the le
17、tter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic f
18、eatures: _. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, labiodental, fricative 3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflection
19、al morpheme D. 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! free form 4. In the phrase structure rule S NP VP, the arrow can be read as _. A. is equal to B. consists of C. has D. generates 5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent
20、with D. is synonymous with 6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _. X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of th
21、e speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances 8. In a speech community people have something in common _ - a language or a particular variety of language and rules for u
22、sing it. A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically 9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? _. A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writing D. analytic reasoning 10. In general
23、, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! . Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is a
24、lready given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f before they can do anything else. 12. Phonologica
25、l rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s rules. 13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme. 14. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as and, but, or. 15. The study of the linguist
26、ic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s . 16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C principle proposed by J. Grice. 17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to b
27、e the continual process of cultural t across generations. 18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist. 19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as s speech, and speech as
28、 overt thought. In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously. 20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家
29、早日毕 业 ! true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) 21. ( ) An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is th
30、at the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the best authors for language usage. 22. ( ) In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. 23. ( ) We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it mea
31、ns because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts. 24. ( ) Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their recursive properites. 25. ( ) The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no dir
32、ect link between a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought. 26. ( ) Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmat
33、ic sense. 27. ( ) In first language acquisition childrens grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language. 28. ( ) The sentences He crazy and He be sick all the time are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black En
34、glish. 29. ( ) Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system. 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! 30. ( ) Instruction and correction are
35、 key factors in child language development. . Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31. synchronic linguistics 32. displacement 33. a minimal pair 34. derivational affixes 35. syntax 36. language transfer 37. hyponymy 38. sentence meaning 39.
36、 lingua franca 40. cerebral cortex . Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English. 42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learners acquisition of a second lan
37、guage. 浙江省 2004 年 1 月高等教育自学考试 一、单项选择题 (在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题 2 分，共 20 分 ) 1. English consonants can be classified into stops. fricatives, nasals, etc. , in terms of ( ). A. manner of articulation B. openness of mouth C. place of articulation D. voicing 2. The study of how words
38、 are combined to form sentences is called ( ). A. phonetics B. morphology C. syntax D. semantics 3. According to Chomsky, ( ) is the ideal users internalized knowledge of his language. A. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue 4. Sweets and candy are used respectively in Britain in and Americ
39、a, but refer to the same thing. The words are ( ) synonyms. A. collocational B. dialectal C. complete D. stylistic 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! 5. Different meanings can be associated with one linguistic form, but there is no basic meaning among them. This is known
40、as ( ). A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. antonymy 6. How fast did he drive when he ran the red light? ( ) He ran the red light. A. entails B. contradicts C. presupposes D. includes 7. The word lab is formed through ( ). A. back formation B. blending C. clipping D. derivation 8. ( ) in the brai
41、n fulfills the function of speech production. A. Angular gyrus B. Brocas area C. The right hemisphere D. Wernickes area 9. When a child uses mummy to refer to any woman, most probably his mummy means ( ). A. + Human B. + Human + Adult C. + Human + Adult Male D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent 10. (
42、) is not a suprasegmental feature. A. Aspiration B. Intonation C. Stress D. Tone 二、在下列空格中填上以给出字母开始的恰当的单词。（每空 1 分，共 16分） 1. D_ is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space. 2. S_ study of la
43、nguage describes language at some point in time; d_ study describes language as it changes through time. 3. N_ transcription transcribes sounds with diacritics, while b_ transcription does not. 4. A sentence has a hierarchical structure and l_ structure as well. 5. Unlike a sentence, the meaning of
44、an u_ is concrete and context-dependent. 本资料来自英语自考网 http:/ 英语自考网 以优质资料及高效的访问速度，为大家提供最新自考信息，祝愿大家早日毕 业 ! 6. Chinese belongs to S_ language family, while English belongs to I _ language family. 7. R_ are situational dialects appropriate for use in particular situations; i_ is a personal dialect. 8. Wh
45、en a p_ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children learn it as their first language, it becomes c_. 9. I_ is the approximate linguistic system that a second language learner constructs, which represents the learners transitional competence in the target language. 10. A_ is the learners process of adapting to the culture and value system of the target language community. 11. Words that have descended from a common source are c_. 三、判断下列各题，正确的
