1、第一部分 选择题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1、 As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to la
2、y down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic 2、 Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongue D、 vocal cords 3、 The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is
3、 a(n) _. A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme 4、 A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C、 preposition D、 subordinator 主从连词 5、 “Can I borrow your bike?“ _ “You have a bike.“ A、 is
4、 synonymous with B、 is inconsistent with C、 entails D、 presupposes 6、 The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics 7、 Grammatical changes may be explained, in part,
5、as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization 泛化 . A、 elaboration B、 simplification 精简 C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing 8、 _ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、 Lingua franca 通用语 B、 Creole C、
6、Pidgin D、 Standard language 标准语言 9、 Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ . A、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angul
7、ar gyrus 角回 B、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortex C、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and neurons D、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10、 According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily commu
8、nicative situations. A、 learning B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisition 第二部分 非选择题 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to cha
9、nge the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11、 Chomsky defines “competence“ as the ideal users k of the rules of his language. 12、 The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b . 13、 M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by wh
10、ich words are formed. 14、 A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、 Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、 The illocutionary point of r is to commit the spe
11、aker to somethings being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、 Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 18、 Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is hes), Black English can d the form of “be“. 19、 Th
12、e basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、 As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of t
13、he target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why yo
14、u think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) ()21、 In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、 Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、 The compound
15、 word “bookstore“ is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、 Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ()25、 Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects su
16、ch as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ()26、 Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures a
17、rise. ()27、 The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、 In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、 According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf
18、hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、 All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31、 duality 32、 diachronic linguistics
19、33、 broad transcription 34、 morphological rules 35、 phrase structure rule 36、 relational opposites 37、 componential analysis 38、 context 39、 euphemism 40、 brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41、 Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in En
20、glish for illustration. 42、 Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（ 2） 一、单项选择题 (在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题 2 分，共 20 分 ) 1.The pair of words lendand borroware _.( ) A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.
21、synonyms 2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4._pro
22、duce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic 5.Some Southern lea
23、rners of English in China tend to say night as light.This shows: .( ) A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6.A word with several mea
24、nings is called _word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7.The function of the sentence A nice day, isnt it?is _.( ) A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative 8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.(
25、) A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure 9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( ) A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic components of the word gentleman can be expressed as _.( ) A.+animate,+male,+human,-ad
26、ult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult 二、填空题 (每空 1 分，共 10 分 ) 11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command. 12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated
27、 as members of s_g_. 13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context. 14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently. 15.Consonant sounds can be either
28、v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_. 三、判断说明题 (判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“ T”，错的写“ F”，并说明理由。每小题 2 分，共 20 分 ) 16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18.Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19.The part o
29、f a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( ) 20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( ) 21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form
30、 of language.( ) 22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。 ( ) 23.The word photographically is made up of 4 morphemes.( ) 24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( ) 25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( ) 四、名词解释 (每小题 3 分，共 30 分 ) 26.general linguistics 27.suprasegmental features
31、 28.root and stem 29.hierarchical structure 30.naming theory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending 33.sociolect 34.subvocal speech 35.contrastive analysis 五、论述题 (每小题 10 分，共 20 分 ) 36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic r
32、ules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (3)They were surprised at the presidents appointment. 37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -iti
33、s -ize -age 英语语言学试题（ 3） 第一部分 选择题 .Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%10=20%) 1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is goo
34、d proof that human language is _. A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary C. logical D.non-productive 2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT _. 3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the _. A.phrase stru
35、cture B.surface structure C.syntactic structure D.deep structure 4.The theory of _ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. A.Case Condition B.Adjacent Condition C.parameter D.Adjacent parameters 5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have t
36、he same form is called _. A.polysemy B.hyponymy C.antonymy D.homonymy 6.The utterance “Were already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week.“obviously violates the maxim of _. A.quality B.quantity C.relation D.manner 7.In first language acquisition children usually _ grammatical rules from the ling
37、uistic information they hear. A.use B.accept C.generalize D.reconstruct 8.Standardization known as _ is necessary in order to facilitate communications. A.language interpretation B.language identification C.language choice D.language planning 9.Which of the following choices is not the key biologica
38、l basis for human language acquisition? _. A.Cerebral cortex B.Neurons C.Eyes D.Angular gyrus 10.Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the childrens telegraphic speech stage. A.the copula verb “be“ B.inflectional morphemes C.function words D.content words 第二部分 非选择题 .D
39、irections:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%10=10%) 11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The descrip
40、tion of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language. 12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _o_ when a sound is produced. 13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with
41、other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes. 14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP “the boy who likes his puppy“ consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s_,N the head and S the complement. 15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,“to suggest that so
42、meone should see the doctor“ should fall into the category of _d_. 16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s_. 17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most
43、 part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another. 18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serv
44、e as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group. 19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, one on the right and one on the left. 20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of
45、 second language in second language acquisition literature. .Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the corr
46、ect version.(2%10=20%) 21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted. 22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning. 23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds. 24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, bu
