1、课堂探究1Yesterday，another student and I，representing our universitys student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students.昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。剖析：1)本句是一个简单句，其中的 representing our universitys student association 为动词ing 形式短语作伴随状语。动词ing 形式作
2、伴随状语时，要与该句的主语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，即主动关系。如：I argued，pointing to a very large belly of mine， “I am married.I am having a baby.”我指着我的大肚子争辩说：“我结婚了。我快要生小孩了”2)不定式短语 to meet this years international students 在句中作目的状语。在非谓语动词中，只有动词不定式可以作目的状语，动词ing 形式、过去分词等都不具备这一功能。如：For many centuries，people used windmills to grind w
3、heat into flour.许多世纪以来，人们利用风车把小麦磨成面粉。考点 represent vt. 代表；象征The competition attracted over 800 players representing 60 countries.这次比赛吸引了代表 60 个国家的 800 多名运动员(参加) 。The bald eagle represents the United States.秃鹰是美国的象征。考点延伸 1)represent 的其他含义：The man represented himself as an expert.那个人自称是专家。归纳：represent
4、oneself as.的含义是 “自称是” 。Who represents the hero in the film?谁在这部电影中扮演那个英雄？归纳：本句中的 represent 的含义是：扮演He represented his father as being brave and determined.他把他的父亲描绘得勇敢坚定。归纳：本句中的 represent 的含义是：描绘2)派生词：representation n. 代表；表现；表现 的事物representative n. 代表 adj. 有代表性的3)同义词( 组)：stand for ，symbolize单项填空1)As w
5、e all know，the dove and the olive branch _ peace.Apresent Bmark Creplace Drepresent2)Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep3)Today Ill _ our school to _ the gift to you.Apresent；represent Brepresent；presentCrepresent ；represent Dpresent ；pr
6、esent答案：1)D 2)D 3)B2After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。考点 curiously adv. 好奇地The people looked at the strange boy curiously.人们好奇地看着这个奇怪的男孩。考点延伸 1)curiously 的形容词是 curious。
7、词组 be curious about“对充满好奇” 。如：She was unbearably curious about other peoples business.她对别人的事很好奇，实在叫人受不了。2)be curiousto do sth，如：I was curious to know more about the 2012 Olympic Games.我很想了解 2012 年奥运会更多的事情。归纳：be curious to do sth 的含义是 “很想做某事” 。3)curiosity n好奇，好奇心，求知欲out of curiosity 出于好奇in/with curio
8、sity 好奇地用 curious 的适当形式填空1)His fathers answers cant satisfy his _.2)The girl looked at the animal _.3)Im _ about what he will do with it.单项填空4)Students are warned of not being too _ about things they are not supposed to know.Astrange BcuriousCconscious Damusing答案：1)curiosity 2)curiously 3)curious 4)
9、B3Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，亲了亲她的脸！考点 approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近It is not allowed to approach the forbidden area.禁区是不允许接近的。As winter approached，the weather became colder.由于冬天快要到了，天气变得更冷了。He cautiously approached the house.他小心地走近那座房子。归纳：appro
10、ach 既可以指在空间上接近，也可以指在时间上接近。考点延伸 1)approach 作动词还有“处理(问题、任务等)”的含义。如：We should know how to approach the problem we are faced with.我们应该知道如何处理我们面临的这个问题。2)approach n接近；方法；途径He was warned of the approach of the enemy.他被警告敌人接近了。He has already thought of a new approach to the difficulty.他已经想出了一个解决困难的新方法。There
11、 is no easy approach to maths.在学数学方面没有容易的方法。The approach to the house was a narrow path.到达这座房子的是一条窄窄的小路。归纳：approach 作名词“接近，走近”讲时，为不可数名词，有时可加定冠词。approach 作“方法，途径”讲时，为可数名词。approach 常和介词 to 连用。3)make approaches to sb 想法接近某人/ 认识某人单项填空1)We finally arrived at a(n)_that the work must be completed within 3
12、days.Aimpression BapproachCpermission Dconclusion2)Miss Jia made up her mind to try a new _ to teaching English in her class.Away Bapproach Cmethod Dmeans3)A proper approach to _ your learning efficiency(有效)is of great importance to every student.Aimproving Bimprove Cbe improving Dhaving improved答案：
13、1)D 2)B 3)A4She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。剖析：1)动词ing 形式短语 appearing surprised 在句子中作伴随状语。2)as if 引导方式状语。本句中的 as if in defence 是一种省略，补充完整后为：as if she was in defence。考点 defence n防御；保卫Offence is the best defence.进攻是最好的防御。He gave hi
14、s life in defence of his country.他为保卫祖国献出了自己的生命。归纳：in defence of 的含义是“保卫” 。defence 作“防御，保卫”讲时是一个不可数名词。考点延伸 1)defence 还可以指 “防御物，防御工事” ，此时是一个可数名词。The country put up a strong defence against the enemys invasion.为了抵抗敌人的侵略，这个国家布置了坚固的防御工事。2)defend vt.保护；保卫We shall defend our city，whatever the cost may be.
15、不管代价如何，我们要保卫我们的城市。We must defend our country against/from enemies.我们必须抗敌卫国。归纳：defend against/from 保护使不受(伤害)3)派生词：defensive adj.防御性的，防守的4)defend，protect，guard 的不同用法：defend 强调现实的危险，指以武力或其他保护措施来“ 捍卫” “防守”或“保卫”国家、权利、城市、边疆、工厂等。也可指采取行动或措施来“保护”某人不受指责、惩罚或不友好的批评。还可指为某人或某事“辩护” 。如：He defended me from that drun
16、ken man.他保护我免受那个醉汉伤害。Defend ones rights.保护自己的权利。protect 是三个动词中最普通的一个用语，指用遮蔽或其他保护物“保护”某人或某物不受伤害。不但可以防御现实的危险、危害、诱惑等，也可表示在某物上装上防护或保险装置以避免伤害。如：His head was protected by a helmet.他戴着头盔保护头部。guard 指非常小心地和十分警惕地“保卫” “守卫”或“ 防御” ，以使某人或某物不遭危险、攻击等；也可指谨慎地给某物装上防护装置，以“防止”或“预防”发生火灾、事故、出错、生病等。如：The entrance to the bu
17、ilding is well guarded.该大楼的入口处戒备森严。单项填空1)It was amazing that the army _ its homeland against all enemies.Adefended Bdefeated Cpreserved Dprevented2)Jack wasnt saying anything， but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.Aas if Bin case Cwhile Dthough答案：1)A 2)A5I guessed that th
18、ere was probably a major misunderstanding.我猜想这里可能有个很大的误会。考点 major adj. 主要的The major portion of the population live in the east of the country.大多数人口居住在这个国家的东部。Diligence plays a major part in our study.勤奋在我们的学习中起主要作用。注意：major 和它的反义词 minor(较小的，次要的)都没有比较级，不能与 than 连用，通常作定语。考点延伸 1)major 也可用作动词，含义是“主修” ，常
19、与介词 in 连用。She majors in English.她主修英语。2)major 作名词表示“主修课程” “主修的学生” 。He planned to take chemistry as his major.他计划把化学作为他的主修课程。I am a history major.我是一个主修历史的学生。3)派生词：majority n多数；大多数4)major，chief，main 和 primary 的不同用法：major 表示“较大的，较重要的，主要的” 。chief 表示具有最高权威的一个人，用比喻意义时含有最大重要性或最大价值的意义。main 表示在范围、尺寸或重要性上超过其
20、他的事物。primary 的含义是“首要的，基础性的，根本的” ，强调在起源、结果或者发展的意义上是第一位的。如：My father is the chief conductor.我的父亲是列车长。He is the main character in this story.他是这个故事中的主要人物。Your safety is my primary concern.你的安全是我最关心的事情。单项填空1)The new research team was led by the _engineer.Amain Bmajor Cchief Dprimary英汉互译2)这项工作的大部分已经完成。_3
21、)Her major is history._答案：1)C2)The major part of the job has been done.3)她主修的科目是历史。6They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek，since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.两个人握了握手，并且在对方的面颊上吻了两下，通常，法国成年人见到熟人就是这么做的。剖析：1)since 引导的从句为原因状语从句。注意：since 表示原因时，和becau
22、se，for，as 的不同：易混词 辨析 例句since语气次于 because，有“既然如此”的意思，强调显而易见Since you are here，youd better listen carefully.既然你在这儿，最好仔细听。as 语气较弱，含义同 sinceI went to bed early，as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我精疲力竭了。because语气最强，有强烈的因果关系，对why 提问的典型答语，置于主句前后均可。可用于强调句型Hes called “Ginger” because he has bright ginger hair.他长着一头姜黄
23、色的头发，因而被人叫做“黄毛” 。for表示解释说明的理由。语气弱，常用逗号或分号隔开。为并列连词，因此用于两个分句中间We cant go，for it is raining.我们不能走，因为正在下雨。2)when 引导的是时间状语从句。3)they know 为定语从句，修饰先行词 people。引导词 whom/that 被省略。单项填空1)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif2)The days
24、are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dwhich答案：1)C 2)A7Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下的人互相问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。剖析：1)Not all cultures greet eac
25、h other the same way.是部分否定。当 all， both，everything ，everyone，everybody 等与 not 连用时，构成部分否定；如表示全部否定，则借助于 none，nothing，nobody 或 neither 等来表达。如：Not everyone agreed with you.(部分否定)并非每一个人都同意你的话。Nobody agreed with you.(全部否定)没有人同意你的话。2)nor are they.是倒装句，表示否定意义的状语或表语等位于句首时，句子通常采用倒装结构。此类的词或词组还有 never，not ，seldo
26、m ，neither，hardly ，not until，not only，at no time 等。Not until all the trapped miners were saved did the rescuers stop their work.直到所有被困的矿工得救，救援人员才停止了工作。单项填空1) This is not my story，nor_the whole story.My story plays out differently.Ais there Bthere is Cis it Dit is2)We laugh at jokes，but seldom _ abou
27、t how they work.Awe think Bthink weCwe do think Ddo we think答案：1)C 2)D8However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能会(用身体 )接触对方。考点 be likely to 很可能；有希望Which city is likely to host
28、 the 2019 Asian Games?哪个城市很有可能举办 2019 年亚运会？The Chinese pingpong team is likely to win the game.中国乒乓球队有希望赢得这场比赛。归纳：be likely to 后接动词原形，即 be likely to do sth，含义是 “很可能做某事，有希望做某事” 。考点延伸 1)be likelythat 从句。如：Its high likely that hell succeed.他极有可能成功。2)形容词 likely 与 alike，like 的区别：likely 后常接动词不定式，在句中作表语或定语
29、，表示“有可能的；有希望的” 。alike 作形容词时，常作表语，表示“相像的” 。like 作定语时表示“相似的；类似的” 。3)likely，possible 都可意为“ 可能的” ，但用法不同：likely 既可以用人作主语，也可以用物或 it 作主语。possible 一般不用人作主语。单项填空1) He was _ to win the 100meter race，but he got injured accidentally while running.Alikely Bpossible Cprobable Dmaybe2)Those who are of great determ
30、ination are _ to make great achievements.Amaybe Blikely Cprobable Dpossible翻译句子3)汤姆很可能错过校车。_答案：1)A 2)B3)Tom is likely to miss the school bus.9In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我
31、们避免交往中的困难。剖析：本句中的动词ing 形式短语 studying international customs 作主语。动词ing 形式短语作主语时，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。考点 in general 总的来说；通常In general，her work has been good，but this article is terrible.总的来说，她的作品不错，但这篇文章太糟糕了。Her English pronunciation is not so bad in general.她的英语发音一般来说是不错的。Women live longer than men in gene
32、ral.女性通常比男性长寿。考点延伸 general 常见用法归纳：general knowledge 常识，一般知识generally speaking 一般说来general manager 总经理 如：This examination will test your general knowledge.这次考试将检测你们的常识。Generally speaking，an English dictionary starts with the letter A.一般来说，一部英文词典是从字母 A 开始的。Who is your general manager？谁是你们的总经理？单项填空1)If
33、 you warn me _，Ill have your order ready for you.Ain brief Bin return Cin advance Din general2)The _ manager of our company told us to read the article and get a _ idea.Ageneral；general Bgeneral ；usualCchief；whole Dmain ；usual翻译句子3)总的来说，孩子们喜欢糖果。_4)通常，我们不在白天看电视。_答案：1)C 2)A3)In general，children are fond of candy.4)In general，we dont watch TV in the daytime.
