1、3本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题225强国际承包商资料来源工程新闻记录；2011年267卷6期作者REINA,PETER,TULACZ在过去的三年经济困难中，国际工程承包界一直长盛不衰。然而，尽管美国继续对抗预期的二次衰退和欧洲国家撤出经济刺激计划来稳定陷入困境的欧元，但是，机会给予的是发展中国家的国际承包商，特别是那些资源丰富的。市场分析从ENR最大225家国际承包商名单中的结果可以看出，国际建筑市场的全球的转变。225强国际承包商作为一个群体，2010年创造了38368亿美元的国际营业额，和2009年的38378亿美元相比只是轻微的下降。在国内方面，225强国际承包商2010年的营业
2、收入增长了108，达到68871亿美元，这主要是由中国国家大规模基础建设计划所导致的增长。承包商正将他们的重点转移到新兴市场，而原本225强承包地区的营业收入有所下降。在欧洲，国际收入同比下降了66至9418亿美元，在中东也下跌了66至7243亿美元，在美国则是3261亿美元，下降了65。相比之下，拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区的国际营业收入增长了256，达到了3405亿美元；非洲的国际营业收入达到了6059亿美元，增长了67；亚洲和澳大利亚的国际营业收入增长了47，高达7664亿美元。这种重心的转移导致的变化主要是国际承包商决策变化所引起的。国际建筑工程也没能逃脱最近在国际市场上的动荡。SNCLAV
3、ALIN集团的首席执行官皮埃尔说“最主要的影响已经在美国和欧盟。”然而，SNC公司在发展中国家具有传统的优势，如非洲的发展中国家，这样能减少经济衰退对公司的影响。“在拉丁美洲，金砖四国和东南亚地区，我们看到了未来的巨大机遇，我们正积极针对这些地区业务的增长，”皮埃尔说。受主债危机影响的一些欧洲国家已经伤害了许多施工方案。“实施经济刺激计划支出的停止比预期的要早或没有早于预期，而是被通过紧缩支出以缓解国债的政策所取代，”奥地利的STRABAGSE首席执行官汉斯彼得说。不过，他说，私人客户和德国投资商在投资方面出现了上扬。浙江万里学院商学院外文文献原文4BESIX首席运营官菲利普警告说，在美国和欧
4、盟的预算困难可能对其他国家的消费有间接影响。主债危机限制了许多有能力投资昂贵项目的国家，以及有良好财政状况的国家收到警告并不会犯同样的错误，他们将在投资建设发展方面更加谨慎。欧洲的建筑界在今年的夏天经历了重大的变化，作为德国最大的承包商，豪赫蒂夫公司归入了西班牙ACS集团的控制之下。豪赫蒂夫公司的首席执行官赫伯特在五月份辞职，取而代之的是自2009年以来的执行董事会成员弗兰克。豪赫蒂夫公司将继续作为一个独立的公司运作，帮助ACS的进入新市场，如亚太，根据一位法兰克福的银行分析师分析。豪赫蒂夫公司将越来越侧重于能源，交通基础设施和城市建设行业，弗兰克说。这将会增加“资产周转率”，特别是通过出售公
5、共和私营机构合作投资。豪赫蒂夫公司当然哎今年年底前出售其几场业务，他补充道。该公司已经有在雅典，布达佩斯，杜塞尔多夫，汉堡，悉尼和地拉那机场的利益。阿兰博诺，达芬奇建设的董事长兼首席执行官，表明是不确定其与豪赫蒂夫公司的关系将会如何改变。到目前为止，与豪赫蒂夫团队已经是“良好竞争对手和很好的合作伙伴，”他说，“ACS/DRAGADOS已经非常激进因为他们有一个内部市场已经被彻底摧毁。”竞争的压力许多重要地区的经济衰退已经造成了竞争的增加，于是越来越多的公司进入陌生的市场。“我们看到了拥挤的市场，就如一些本土球员向往的是全球性的球员，”印度的PUNJ劳合社在非洲、中东和独立国家联合体的业务区域总
6、裁RAVINDAKANSAL说。他说，许多主要的承包商为了阻碍新的竞争者，在陌生的市场作出不切实际的投标。这样的一个情况出现在6月。中国海外工程集团在波兰的A2承包项目上被驳回。行动和中标价格比经验少做，斯堪斯卡集团总裁约翰说。“他们低估了进入一个新的市场是多么困难，”他说。但随着中国国内经济增速放缓，KARLSTRM认为更多的中国承包商将寻找新市场进入。建筑公司的首席执行官布伊格同意伊夫加布里埃尔说的中国承包商“正在成为更大的竞争对手”。“我们主要竞争（中国承包商）在非洲就目前而言，但这些公司未来可能会在欧洲。”鲍尔弗贝蒂已经与中国在香港和中东地区的企业进行竞争，首席执行官伊恩泰勒说，“他们
7、确实有一些特定的技能，这是非常好的，”他补充道。中国承包商提出联合国际VCGP，博诺说。“我不知道我们会不会这么做，我们不浙江万里学院商学院外文文献原文4希望有合作伙伴只是为了争取一个更低的价格，如果他们有良好的技术能得到很好的发挥，那为什么不呢”他说。虽然一直在推动中国承包商打入国际市场取得一些成果，国际承包商试图渗透中国市场已不太成功。博诺看到VCGP在中国境内工作的可能性不大。加布里埃同意，说，“中国市场特别是关闭，虽然香港正蓬勃发展。”中国内地是非常、非常封闭，泰勒说，但是他认为在能源领域有机会。他同意香港是非洲活跃的，特别是在基础设施方面。“一般情况下，我们避免没有战略优势的国家，像
8、中国，”SNC的DUHAIME说，“中国的模式，这有利于中国企业，像我们这样的公司处于不利的地位。”2008年全球金融危机造成停止或放缓的私营部门所拥有的许多建设项目，特别是在迪拜，萨默尔阿拉法说，ALARRAB承包集团执行副总裁。但他表示，ALARRAB所在国的沙特阿拉伯是最强的区域市场。4外文文献原文TITLETHETOP225INTERNATIONALCONTRACTORSMATERIASOURCEENR,2011,VOL267ISSUE6AUTHORREINA,PETER,TULACZTHEINTERNATIONALCONTRACTINGCOMMUNITYHASBEENENDURING
9、DIFFICULTECONOMICHEADWINDSDURINGTHEPASTTHREEYEARSHOWEVER,EVENASTHEUSCONTINUESTOFIGHTOFFTHEPROSPECTOFADOUBLEDIPRECESSIONANDEUROPEANNATIONSPULLBACKFROMSTIMULUSPROGRAMSTOSTABILIZETHETROUBLEDEURO,OPPORTUNITIESAREBUBBLINGFORINTERNATIONALCONTRACTORSINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES,PARTICULARLYTHOSERICHINRESOURCESMAR
10、KETANALYSISTHEGLOBALSHIFTINTHEINTERNATIONALCONSTRUCTIONMARKETCANBESEENINTHERESULTSOFENRSTOP225INTERNATIONALCONTRACTORSLISTTHETOP225ASAGROUPGENERATED38366BILLIONIN2010CONTRACTINGREVENUEFROMPROJECTSOUTSIDETHEIRHOMECOUNTRIES,DOWNONLYMARGINALLYFROM2009SFIGUREOF38378BILLIONONTHEDOMESTICFRONT,2010REVENUEF
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14、ESANDSOUTHEASTASIAARECERTAINLYALLREGIONSWHEREWESEEGREATOPPORTUNITIESFORTHEFUTURE,ANDWEARE浙江万里学院商学院外文文献原文4ACTIVELYTARGETINGTHESEREGIONSFORBUSINESSGROWTH“5THESOVEREIGNDEBTCRISESHITTINGSOMEEUROPEANCOUNTRIESHAVEHURTMANYCONSTRUCTIONPROGRAMS“CONSTRUCTIONRELATEDSPENDINGFROMTHEECONOMICSTIMULUSPROGRAMSWASSTO
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17、MMUNITYUNDERWENTMAJORCHANGETHISSUMMERASGERMANYSLARGESTCONTRACTOR,HOCHTIEFAG,FELLUNDERTHECONTROLOFSPAINSACSGROUPHOCHTIEFSCEO,HERBERTLTKESTRATKTTERQUITANDWASREPLACEDINMAYBYFRANKSTIELER,ANEXECUTIVEBOARDMEMBERSINCE2009HOCHTIEFWILLCONTINUEFUNCTIONINGASASEPARATECOMPANY,HELPINGACSENTERNEWMARKETSLIKEASIAPAC
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22、TSBIDPRICETHANEXPERIENCE,SAYSJOHANKARLSTRM,CEO,SKANSKAGROUP“THEYUNDERESTIMATEDHOWDIFFICULTITISTOGOTOANEWMARKET,“HESAYSBUTASCHINASINTERNALECONOMICGROWTHMODERATES,KARLSTRMBELIEVESMORECHINESECONTRACTORSWILLLOOKFORENTRYINTONEWGEOGRAPHICMARKETSCHINESECONTRACTORS“AREBECOMINGBIGGERCOMPETITORS,“AGREESYVESGA
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24、NTRACTORSHAVEPROPOSEDJOINTVENTURINGWITHVCGPINTERNATIONALLY,SAYSBONNOT“IDONTKNOWIFWEWILLWEDONTWANTTOHAVEPARTNERSJUSTTOGETALOWERPRICEIFTHEYHAVEGOODTECHNOLOGYANDAREWELLPLACED,THENWHYNOT“HESAYSWHILECHINESECONTRACTORSHAVEBEENPUSHINGINTOTHEINTERNATIONALMARKETWITHSOMESUCCESS,INTERNATIONALCONTRACTORSTRYINGT
25、HEPENETRATETHECHINESEMARKETHAVEBEENLESSSUCCESSFULBONNOTSEESLITTLEPROSPECTOFWORKFORVCGPINSIDECHINAITSELFGABRIELAGREES,SAYING,“THECHINESEMARKETISPARTICULARLYCLOSED,“ALTHOUGHHONGKONG“ISBOOMING“MAINLANDCHINAIS“VERY,VERYCLOSED,“ADDSTYLER,BUTHESEESNICHEOPPORTUNITIESINTHEENERGYSECTORHEAGREESTHATHONGKONGIS“
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28、MIGHTPARTICIPATEINTHATMARKET“BUREAUCRACYANDCORRUPTIONAREAMONGHISCONCERNS7BUTINDIAISNOTINSKANSKASSIGHTS“WECANTBEEVERYWHERE,“SAYSKARLSTRMWHILESTICKINGTOITSPOLICYOFDEVELOPING“HOMEMARKETS,“SKANSKAISNEVERTHELESSINCHINGINTONEWCOUNTRIES,SUCHASRUSSIAANDCOLOMBIA,HEADDSARABMARKETSREMAINATTRACTIVE,THOUGHTHEPOL
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31、WNOFMANYCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSOWNEDBYTHEPRIVATESECTOR,“PARTICULARLYINDUBAI,SAYSSAMERARAFA,EXECUTIVEVICEPRESIDENTOFALARRABCONTRACTINGGROUPBUTHESAYSALARRABSHOMECOUNTRYOFSAUDIARABIAISTHESTRONGESTREGIONALMARKETEUROPEANDISUNIONMUCHOFEUROPEANCONSTRUCTIONHASBEENHITBYGOVERNMENTEFFORTSTOCUTDEBTNORDICCOUNTRIESA
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34、A50YEARDESIGN,BUILD,FINANCEANDOPERATECONTRACTWITHAROUGHLY9BILLIONCONSTRUCTIONVALUEFORTHE300KMHIGHSPEEDRAILROADBETWEENBORDEAUXANDTOURS“ITSTHEBIGGESTCONTRACTVINCIEVERSIGNED,“SAYSBONNOT7INEUROPE,CONDITIONSHAVE“NOTCHANGEDSIGNIFICANTLYDURINGLASTYEAR,“SAYSGABRIELINFRANCE,“THEREARESTILLMANYOPPORTUNITIESOFL
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36、ERCIALBUILDINGBUSINESSUSINGITSOWNCASHTOFINANCEREALESTATEPROJECTSVCGPTHISSUMMERFAILEDTOBESHORTLISTEDBYTHEPORTAUTHORITYOFNEWYORKNEWJERSEYFORTHEGOETHALSBRIDGEREPLACEMENTPROJECTTHECOMPANYISLOOKINGTOCANADA,AIMINGTOBIDFORRAILROADPUBLICPRIVATEPARTNERSHIPSPPPINOTTAWAANDVANCOUVERBOUYGUES,MEANWHILE,ISBUILDING
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