1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题创意产业关乎经济变革的原因研究资料来源经济创新与新技术作者JASONPOTTS创意创新，昆士兰科技大学，布里斯班，澳大利亚，布里斯班，澳大利亚昆士兰大学经济学院；中心（2007年9月25日；2008年10月9日收到的最终版本）本文提出的“创意产业（CIS）”在创新过程中，通过在经济演变中扮演了一个重要而又广泛的未经测算的功能。本文主要注重在作为一个机构的新技术的采用和嵌入方面，在促进生产者与消费者相互作用的社会技术的新颖性，提供了发展的需求方面。创意产业被纳入到熊彼特经济演化模型中，通过保留和创新技术从而填补了产生的显著社会差距。关键词创意产业经济演变创新
2、体系简介技术的创新轨迹同时驱动着经济的发展（DOSI1982）。分析这个过程往往把重点放在新技术的产生和扩散，代理商和组织参与这一进程并促进机构发展。熊彼特（1939年）之后，工业部门的分析，主要是关注具有划时代意义的物理技术，制造行业（如钢铁，化工，微电子，生物技术等），和有关金融，交通和通信服务业的组件概念，也可能是经济演变的过程中不可或缺的艺术和文化部门，版权产业或创意产业（CIS）（文化厅，媒体和体育，英国政府2001年），但却是很少被受理（霍金斯2001年）。但我认为，这也许是一个重要的监督，虽然不是在“文化作用”方向上，（参见琼斯1995年，2006年），而是在这些部门的贡献上，在
3、促进创新条款的采用和保留的生产者，消费者以及消费者消费的相互作用的社会技术条件上。纳入到经济演化模型的“CIS”，从而填补了在分析社会技术的采用、推广和保留方面显著的差距。注重物理技术显然会被证明是一个非常成功的研究策略，并已经产生了大量有用的理论，并研究了知识增长如何使经济制度发展演变的过程。不过，也有不能系统地解释这表面上以科学为基础的的供应方模式的形式不能很好地代表的知识和协调机制。特别是服务部门的作用，“艺术”知识的普遍认可程度，和对顾客采用的新技术，新的消费生活方式，包括了选择这样的社会性质，都被系统地忽略在解释经济发展的演变当中。2本文力图通过阐述为什么进化的经济学家更应该关心的创
4、意产业以图纠正这种疏忽。我的中心论点是创意产业提供不只是一个通过创新的增长经济的案例，但更重要的是它是服务本身的进化机制中经济演变提供的必不可少的演化服务。其相关性是超越进化经济分析的另一个有趣的话题，相反，它们可能是一个经济演化机制的重要组成部分。具体来说，创意产业解决了经济演变在选择，收养，组织和协调网络的社会方面的问题。其结果是，经济演变升级的所有进程将涉及创意产业在过程中的某些部分。这对于那些结构协调稳定的成熟的技术或产业是不那么明显。但当经济深刻和迅速发展的时候，它将显得非常明显，因为它似乎超过了过去几十年的有关于“新经济”等的作用。在创意产业快速发展的后期（2008年帕兹和坎宁安）
5、不仅是由于财富效应，或信息和通信技术（ICT）和全球化的作用，但可能反映了更深层次的市场经济的变革，即所有新思路都出生在社会的背景下并在其中发展。创意产业在这观点中，是演变体统中一个进步的元素（帕兹，2007A，2007B，2007D），因此是任何经济增长和发展理论中的重要组成部分。本文建立在前几篇研究创意产业演变的前景角度论文的基础上。坎宁安（2004年，2006年）认为，创意产业已经成为经济增长的一个源头。这个命题是进一步完善帕兹和坎宁安（2008年），关于4个创意产业和经济总量之间的关系测算模型。使用过去十年中许多国家相对增长率、就业、创业、收入和利润的数据，我们发现确凿的证据，创意产业
6、在经济秩序下相对增长（即不断变化的）。这行的分析，从而指出迈向进化经济和创新体系为基础的创意产业赢得了国家的赞赏。波茨等人（2008）提出一个更激进的定义有关于创意产业是由它们在市场占主导地位的社会网络的特点组成的。这种观点认为，创意产业是其中的一系列市场（社会网络市场），因为必要的新颖性，价值是不确定的，代理商因此依靠从别人选择的信息，协调自己的仿制行为。在此基础上，合乎逻辑的下一步是走向这一过程中发生的拆包机制。这需要区分两个进化的影响（1）谈到整个经济中创意产业经济的演变，参与创意企业活动的人口的增加关系一整套的经济活动的结构变化形式；（2）所有变革经济的活动对于创意产业来说，是通过创意
7、企业产生和活动通过变革来促进经济活动的演变。这显然是一个合作不断发展的系统，这也是与其他系统，如环境，政治和文化制3度共同发展的。这两个不同的进程同时出现，尚未有效地分开，因为它们是由不同的力量推动，受不同的分析和政策的影响。然而，建立这种说法，我们需要理由去有计划有步骤的照管在经济学动态价值系统中的艺术，文化和创意产业的首要地位。面对创意产业的经济演化模型然后，我的模型是一个不断赋予新产业生命的服务经济，创意产业是这个过程的核心部分。经济增长和经济发展观的轨迹进行的过程中，每个演变秩序中的代理商，市场，企业和法律作为一个复杂系统，我们称之为一个行业。但在这个模型中，创意产业并不是在行业所可利
8、用的范围内，但高阶画廊或实验室的新思路，是任何经济秩序的创新体系的重要组成部分。创意产业可能因此提供了经济体系的进化功能的部分措施。这表明用修订标准熊彼特经济演化模型作用于在创意产业中起到起源、采用、容纳一种新型的通用规则的作用。在实践中，这相当于延长了相同的分析加工给予艺术实践中科学，技术，工程设计和制造，实践、设计与社会协调发展并寻求解释经济增长的原因。创意产业经济演变的增长模式是由熊彼特/哈耶克的演进同样的力量驱动的，但还包括与在这个过程中额外确认的价值的社会机制的作用和（创意）产业产生这些服务的作用。演变的增长和经济体制的发展取决于几个根本原因（产权，市场开放，法治，等），但它也涉及到
9、几个近因，包括通过科学和艺术获得的新思路。我的观点是，无论相对平衡的意义，这些都是最终的补充。分析的推论是，部分经济增长和发展是由于创意产业通过自己的角色在塑造和调节个人适应和求新的需求（威特2001）创建的新的可能性所引起的，随着他们“宏观”上正在进行的现代化进程中的作用。创意公司跻身世界最大的公司这决不是偶然，并且个人的财富与创意产业企业家的身份是不成比例的（波茨2006年）。随着科学和工程服务的发展，商业和金融服务已成为现代经济的日益重要的方面，所以也有创意产业服务为相同的重要原因通过实验、协调和保留的新颖性来创新的未来。在通常的观点下，创意产业是一个经济演化机制的重要组成部分，通过重新
10、想象个人的生活方式和社会的可能性作用于经济演化的前进空间作用于开放和发展。经济演变将因此常常是部分和阶段性的显著依赖创意产业的。新思路推动经济的演变，创意产业的参与在这个现代化和结构调整的经济和社会文化秩序的过程是持续，伴随着新颖性的起源，采用和保留。4外文文献原文TITLEWHYCREATIVEINDUSTRIESMATTERTOECONOMICEVOLUTIONMATERIALSOURCEECONOMICSOFINNOVATIONSCHOOLOFECONOMICS,UNIVERSITYOFQUEENSLAND,BRISBANE,AUSTRALIARECEIVED25SEPTEMBER200
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23、2007DANDTHUSANESSENTIALPARTOFANYGENERALTHEORYOFECONOMICGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTTHISPAPERBUILDSONSEVERALPREVIOUSPAPERSEXAMININGTHECISFROMTHEEVOLUTIONARYPERSPECTIVEINCUNNINGHAM2004,2006,THECISWEREARGUEDTOBEASOURCEOFECONOMICGROWTHTHISPROPOSITIONWASFURTHERREFINEDINPOTTSANDCUNNINGHAM2008,INWHICHFOURMODELSOFT
24、HERELATIONBETWEENTHECISANDTHEAGGREGATEECONOMYWERETESTEDUSINGDATAONRELATIVEGROWTHRATES,EMPLOYMENT,ENTREPRENEURSHIP,INCOMEANDPROFITFORMANYCOUNTRIESOVERTHEPASTDECADE,WEFOUNDOVERWHELMINGEVIDENCETHATTHECISAREGROWINGRELATIVELYIEEVOLVINGINTHEECONOMICORDERTHISLINEOFANALYSISTHUSPOINTEDTOWARDSANEVOLUTIONARYEC
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29、MICSINTHEFIRSTPLACEARTSMATTERTHETHEORYOFECONOMICGROWTHANDEVOLUTIONISBASEDONFACTORACCUMULATION,7TECHNOLOGICALCHANGE,INSTITUTIONALFACILITATIONANDINNOVATION,ALLOFWHICHLEADTOPRODUCTIVITYGROWTHTHEREHASBEENNOSENSETHATTHEARTSANDCULTUREPLAYAPOSITIVEORDRIVINGROLEINTHISPROCESSINDEED,QUITETHEOPPOSITETHEARTSAND
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42、ROCESSOFMESOTRAJECTORIES,EACHRESULTINGINANEVOLVEDORDEROFAGENTS,MARKETS,FIRMSANDLAWSASACOMPLEXSYSTEMWECALLANINDUSTRYINTHISMODEL,HOWEVER,THECISARENOTINDUSTRIESINTHISOPERATIONALSENSE,BUTAHIGHERORDERGALLERYORLABORATORYFORNEWIDEASTHATISANESSENTIALCOMPONENTOFTHEINNOVATIONSYSTEMOFANYECONOMICORDERTHECISMAYT
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44、NCE,TECHNOLOGY,ENGINEERINGANDMANUFACTURINGTOTHEARTS,PRACTICE,DESIGNANDSOCIALCOORDINATIONWHENSEEKINGTOEXPLAINTHECAUSESOFECONOMICGROWTHTHECISGROWTHMODELOFECONOMICEVOLUTIONISCOMPOSEDOFTHESAMEFORCESTHATDRIVEALLSCHUMPETERIAN/HAYEKIANEVOLUTION,BUTWITHADDITIONALRECOGNITIONOFTHEVALUEOFTHESOCIALMECHANISMSINT
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47、PROCESSOFMODERNIZATIONITISNOACCIDENTTHATCIFIRMSAREAMONGTHEWORLDSLARGEST,ANDTHATINDIVIDUALFORTUNESAREDISPROPORTIONATELYDUETOCIENTREPRENEURSHIPPOTTS2006JUSTASBUSINESSANDFINANCIALSERVICES,ALONGWITHSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGSERVICES,HAVEBECOMEANINCREASINGLYIMPORTANTASPECTOFTHEMODERNECONOMY,SOTOOHAVECISERVICE
48、S,ANDFORTHESAMEESSENTIALREASONTHECREATIONOFTHEFUTURETHROUGHTHECOORDINATIONOFEXPERIMENTATIONANDTHEADOPTIONANDRETENTIONOFNOVELTYTHECISARE,INTHISGENERICVIEW,ACRUCIALPARTOFTHEMECHANISMOFECONOMICEVOLUTIONTHATFUNCTIONSTOOPENANDDEVELOPTHEFORWARDSPACEOFECONOMICEVOLUTIONTHROUGHRENEWEDIMAGINATIONOFINDIVIDUALL
49、IFESTYLESANDSOCIALPOSSIBILITIESECONOMICEVOLUTIONWILLTHEREFOREBEOFTENPARTIALLYANDSOMETIMESSIGNIFICANTLYDEPENDENTONTHECISNEWIDEASDRIVEECONOMICEVOLUTIONANDTHECISAREINVOLVEDINTHISCONTINUALPROCESSOFMODERNIZATIONANDRESTRUCTURINGOFTHEECONOMICANDSOCIOCULTURALORDERTHATACCOMPANIESTHEORIGINATION,ADOPTIONANDRETENTIONOFNOVELTYSCHUMPETERIANECONOMISTSHAVEIGNOREDTHEROLEOFTHECISINTHEPROCESSOFECONOMIC10EVOLUTIONFORTOOLONGTHECOSTOFTHISOVERSIGHTHASBEENANUNDERDEVELOPEDTHEORYOFTHEDYNAMICSOFDEMANDANDOFNOVELTY,INSUFFICIENTRECOGNITIONOFTHEROLEOFCONSUMERSINTHEPROCESSOFINNOVATION,POORLYCONCEPTUALIZED
