1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题欧盟在选择加入国家出口的专业化模式资料来源2005年,结构性改革和汇率动态,3772作者DORABORBELY在过去的几十年里,一体化的货物、资金和金融市场接着是在全球的尺度上。特别是,国际贸易和外国投资下半年以来有极大提升。全球化和国际化的贸易壁垒被迫以降低运输成本,减少限制外国直接投资FDI和改善通讯技术,便于利用规模经济和一个更深的分工。这些电脉冲预计将部分的动力结构经济形势的变化,和改变的竞争力。在价格变化的相关因素和技术,改造也将是很重要的。西欧,特别是面临更加严峻的竞争环境,主要由于对东欧的开放以及某种程度上的出现的亚洲的竞争对手。由于理论文献
2、对全球化合专业化国际化模式的分析不多,本文分析得出的结论建立在第一次出口行业的结构变化三个东欧国家匈牙利、波兰和捷克共和国在一个统一的水平。你可以预期加速结构变化与东欧中东欧国家在1990年代晚期,当脉冲从系统的改造和预期欧盟成员有开创了一个动态调整的过程,包括转变专业化特别是国家。这些电脉冲包括贸易自由化与欧盟国家的FDI上升。这个过程应伴有显示性比较优势的变化。此外,它被人们广泛接受,区域贸易的方向转移强烈东欧国家对欧盟于90年代。因此,表明有重大的改变,在西欧的部门分工将反映有重大的改变,在即将加入欧盟的国家。这个分析探讨匈牙利、波兰和捷克共和国在90年代很明显,不同的发展在各自国家的部
3、门的研发费用可以影响专业化的模式。为了确定专业化已经发生在低、中、高技术部门,本文发现之间的一种连接技术的研发费用和三个指标的对外贸易表现部门层次模块化设计方法贸易覆盖指数、显示比较优势指数和劳艾德指标产业内贸易。在第二章本文看着的理论背景结构改变开放经济。上述三个指标在计算分析的性能在他们三个中东欧国家的贸易EU15。最后,第四章归纳提供建议作进一步补充研究。“传统贸易理论的作用”强调自然地理和自然资源禀赋的对外贸易结构的解释。根据里卡多1817,区位模式被相对差异不同技术观察相对生产成本称为“比较优势”。根据赫克歇尔俄林模型(1949年赫克歇尔,俄林,1933)的空间分布不均,生产专业化的
4、出现,如果各国显示要素禀赋差异明显。“传统贸易理论”预测,一般的2经济开放诱导相匹配的比较优势集中在国家的活动。然而,这些理论并不能解释为什么个人所得税发生的贸易很大一部分由落入相同的产品类别,并具有相似要素禀赋和生产技术的工业化国家之间发生的有区别的商品交换。“新贸易理论”的模型,包括规模经济,产品差异化(偏好多种)和不完全竞争为主要成分,来解释个人所得税。“新贸易理论”的主要结论是,个人所得税在总贸易中所占的份额是相对于产业间贸易的份额,并呈正相关的需求和生产的特性(品种方法的爱)的异同。需求特点和市场结构,从而起到了至关重要的作用,在各种模型。更多调制解调器“新贸易理论”模型进一步区分之
5、间的横向和纵向产品差异化(1995年格林纳威,海因和米尔纳)的。“新贸易理论”,但是,没有完整的理论经济地理学的一个问题仍然需要解答为什么事前类似的国家培养发散的生产和贸易结构“新经济地理”,有助于理解现实世界的发展。文学的“新经济地理学”,增加了运输成本和专业化模式,以“新贸易理论”的模型(1995年克鲁格曼和维纳布尔斯)的影响。“新经济地理学”的重点,尤其是两个主要的集聚机制。区域间和部门间的劳动力流动(克鲁格曼1991年,普加1998),并要求中间产品的企业(维纳布尔斯1996年)的流动性这两个因素导致的内源性分化过程最初类似的地区。“新经济地理学”的模型往往表明,在早期阶段的整合,集中
6、力量占主导地位,由于降低贸易成本的行业,往往集群,但进一步整合,促进再分散的行业对外围因生产要素成本较低。此外,维纳布尔斯(1998)指出,调查在收益递增的集聚和专业化之间的关系,以规模活动的核心地区和外围之间的分工,不是唯一的,不具有比较优势的必要。的更加成熟的产品,不太重要的生产如RD经费支出的固定成本,和生产(BRIILHARD1995)的规模越大,一个国家有固定费用的最有利的禀赋,如多熟练的劳动力和设备,将吸引新产品生产。会产生因子养老是有利于生产的可变成本,如熟练劳动力所占的比例很低,老货。总结一下,什么理论告诉我们对欧盟出口的国家加入世贸组织的专业化模式呢“传统贸易理论”预测,加入
7、的国家将出口主要是劳动和可能的资源密集型产品,因为潜藏其初始的比较优势。“新贸易理论”表明,国家加入世贸组织的产业内贸易的程度将取决于国家的特征,如需求特点。因此,个人所得税的份额高,如果需求特点,产品差异化表明了各自国家的经济一体化的高层次的地方重点。在“新经济地理”显示,成熟的产品固定费用的重要性,如RD经费支出的相关性较低的,从而使成熟的产品往往以被生产和熟练的工人和有形资本,如欧盟15国资源丰富的国家出口。“旧”3产品而非创新产品,将因此而加入国家出口。下面的实证分析的目的是测试这些假设,计算简单的指标,以摆脱对外贸的一些国家加入世贸组织的专业化模式的一些轻的EUL5。在本文中,我们使
8、用了三个不同的指标,贸易范围指数,显示性比较优势指数和产业内贸易的格鲁贝尔劳埃德指数来衡量表现在三个国家加入世贸组织的分类级别,波兰,捷克共和国外贸和匈牙利,对当前的EUL5国家。但是,我们将先来看看在汇总出口为了让见识到出口的发展,我们先来看看在聚合前端口流量。在整个文件中,只有三个加入的国家的制造业出口总额(进口)的一部分处理,这是进口(出口)的EUL5。由于我们是在结构性变化,特别是EUL5经济结构比较感兴趣,这些变量似乎是适当的解释的主要结果。此外,与EUL5贸易,包括在这些国家的贸易活动中的最大部分。在2001年出口欧盟出口总额的出口的比率达692在波兰,捷克共和国是689,和743
9、在匈牙利。图1显示了匈牙利,波兰和捷克共和国,欧盟15国在1993年和2001年,我们的观察期和去年的出口对数。对数的使用,使我们能够比较比较容易的国家之间的相对体积。第一个引人注目的结果是,出口类别中的“饮品及烟草和动物,植物油和FAF类别相比是比较低的”基本制成品,机器和运输设备和杂项制品“。制造业,似乎是一个加入国的主要出口欧盟15国的成分。比较1993年和2001年,似乎所有这三个国家,以显示类似的结果。欧盟15国的出口量相当高,在2001年比1993年,除“动植物油及油脂”,几乎没有改变。对比出口流动两年没有,但是,说任何有关的发展在不同年份之间的出口,本文将现在转。为了揭示在出口产
10、品结构的专业化模式,重要的是要列出每个类别的产品出口的相对份额总数(欧盟15国)出口。4外文文献原文TITLEEUEXPORTSPECIALIZATIONPATTERNSINSELECTEDACCESSIONCOUNTRIESMATERIALSOURCE2005,STRUCTURALCHANGEANDEXCHANGERATEDYNAMICS,PAGES3772AUTHORDORABORBELYINTHELASTFEWDECADES,INTEGRATIONOFGOODS,CAPITALANDFINANCIALMARKETSHASPROCEEDEDONAGLOBALSCALEINPARTICULA
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