1、Reviewn The shape and size of the earthPear-shaped; average radius(6371km);rotation rate (7.310-5s-1); L(1) 111.13km; L(1) 1.852km; 1 nautical mile(海里 )=1.852km; 1kts(节） =1nautical mile/hour=0.51m/sn Distribution of Ocean and LandLand and water are not uniformly distributed on the surface of the ear
2、th n Ocean and Sean Four Principle Oceann Hydrological features of ocean, sea, fjord(bay), strait(channel)2 海水的物理性质Physical Properties of Sea Water2.1 Watern Most common substance on the earths surfacen Ocean water makes up 98% of water inventoryn 96.5% is water, 3.5% is salt and dissolved mineralsn
3、 Accumulated on the surface from mass degassing of earths interior still happening, but much lessn Only substance that exists naturally in all three states in the normal temperature range of earthn Solid, Liquid, and GasHydrogenHydrogenOxygen105 deg分子结构 (Molecular structure)：极性，分子缔合力 Hydrogen Bondsp
4、olar molecules give water a structure that is responsible for a number of unique and important properties 溶解力强 ：水分子有很强的极性 密度变化异常不遵从 “热胀冷缩 ”。最大密度时温度是 4摄氏度 温度 4，有利于水分子的缔合；冻结为冰时，全部缔合成一个巨大的分子缔合体（分子晶体）由于晶体结构排列松散，故密度减小当温度从 04度以前，主要过程是较大的缔合分子逐渐分解成为较小的分子，所以体积收缩，密度增大 4度时，热运动加强，导致体积膨胀，密度所温度增高而减小密度变化异常 是由水分子的缔合造成的沸点 (boiling point)和融点 (melting point)、比热 (specific heat)、蒸发潜热(latent heat of vaporization)等热性质比氧的同族化合物高 热性质特殊2.2 温度、盐度和密度的概念及关系Temperature, Salinity and DensityLehodey,P. et al., 2000. El Nino Southern Oscillation and tuna in the western Pacific. Science
