1、We will continue to improve the companys internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of ev
2、aluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication “zero resista
3、nce“. To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS+, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; t
4、o perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS+, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure “zero.“ To streng
5、thening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health m
6、edical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business
7、 of “zero risk“. To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to
8、 implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standa
9、rdize trading, and strive to achieve “according to law, standardize and fair.“ Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees “zero fly“. To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve perf
10、ormance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards . Work, full play party, and branch, and members in “five type Enterprise“ construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening “four good“ leadership constructionplay
11、levels cadres in enterprise development in the of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of
12、 effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscienti
13、ously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation
14、company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 20
15、13 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy!东北大学公共政策
16、学课后习题答案(个人整理版)第一章 绪论1.公共政策学科的研究对象、目的、任务是什么？答：对象：理论研究、过程研究、方法论研究和案例研究。目的：管理公共领域内的公共事务。任务：推动公共事业向前发展实现国家部门职能调节各种社会关系和调整价值分配指导、补充法律的制定和实施。2.公共政策学发展的过程及其特点是什么？(估计不能考)答：产生的标志是美国政治学家拉斯韦尔与勒纳合编的政策科学：范围和方法的新近发展，德洛尔的政策科学三部曲公共政策制定检讨政策科学构想政策科学进展成为独立的学科。70 年代，分析范式产生，重心向执行和评估研究转移，理论基础从政治学向经济学；80 年代加强了伦理研究，比较研究；90
17、 年以来重视宏观分析，政府改革和绩效评估成为热点。3.我国政策科学发展中的问题及解决措施是什么？答：问题：一是没有形成中国特色的政策科学理论；二是研究存在许多薄弱环节；三是政府官员缺乏应有认识；四是政策科学的教学案例不足。对策：充分认识理论和实践意义。把引进的西方理论本土化。研究者应当深入政策过程。第二章 政策模型We will continue to improve the companys internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business p
18、rocesses, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, stan
19、dardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication “zero resistance“. To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS+, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information syste
20、m, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS+, and ERP, an
21、d SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure “zero.“ To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped
22、trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, a
23、nd stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of “zero risk“. To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control i
24、n control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved
25、risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve “according to law, standardize and fair.“ Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential
26、employees “zero fly“. To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards . Work, full play party, and branch, and members in “five type Enterpris
27、e“ construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening “four good“ leadership constructionplay levels cadres in enterprise development in the of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees
28、in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must s
29、trengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development
30、. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a rai
31、ling, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company
32、and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy!24.理性模型与渐进模型的优缺点是什么？答：理性模型分为绝对理性模型和有限理性模型两种，两者共同的优点是如能满足各类前置条件，信息掌握量大、问题分析全面，将至少形成满意甚至是最佳决策方案。但是绝对理性模型在现实中难以适用，有限理性模型要求问题既定，分析受时间费用等多方面因素的限制，受决策者个人价值观
33、影响严重。渐进模型的优点是可以减少对理论的需求只掌握因素间的关联即可，不用考虑到所有变故减少了待考虑因素允许试验，实现自我校正的效果会在一定时间内形成一系列相关标准，为另一个渐进模型的形成打下基础。缺点是偏于保守，不适用战争或重大社会问题，在需要改革时会阻碍发展。5.试用系统模型分析公共政策是如何从政治系统产出的？(估计不能考)答：系统模型设计环境、输入、输出和政治系统。环境是指政治系统外的一切状态和事物。环境对政治系统造成的一切影响就是输入，政治系统面对输入做出反应，给出权威性价值分配结果，即输出，也就是公用政策。6.我国公共政策制定适用什么政策模型？答：我国公共政策适用综合政策模型。现实中
34、任何一项决策都使用了两项以上的决策模型。我国目前处于稳定发展时期，各项社会事业有序进行，在这个背景下，渐进政策模型较为适用，在发展中循序渐进的微调各类政策。遇有特殊问题需要下定决心改革时，有限理性模型应作为主要选择，这样可以充分论证，在政策制定方面体现民主，至少会选择We will continue to improve the companys internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smoo
35、th processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transact
36、ions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication “zero resistance“. To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS+, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information
37、resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS+, and ERP, and SCM, technology applic
38、ation of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure “zero.“ To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult
39、employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and en
40、terprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of “zero risk“. To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close conc
41、ern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and me
42、asure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve “according to law, standardize and fair.“ Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees “zero fly“. To
43、 strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards . Work, full play party, and branch, and members in “five type Enterprise“ construction in the o
44、f core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening “four good“ leadership constructionplay levels cadres in enterprise development in the of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development i
45、n the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety managem
46、ent, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lu
47、nar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiasti
48、c and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occas
49、ion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy!3满意的方案。第三章 政策系统(本章写的乱七八糟，估计是论文堆叠)7.政策系统同其他社会系统有何异同点？(估计不能考)答：同：同为系统，都具有系统的共性特征。异：因政策系统有特定的目标和要求，所以有同社会系统不同的结构体系。宏观结构分为纵向横向。微观结构分为多个过程。8.政策本身是否可以看做是系统的一种类型？(估计不能考)答：可以。构成政策系统的静态要素具有整体性。构成政策系统的运行体系具有整体性。9.政策系统的开放性程度如何把握？(估计不能考)答：一是通过政策与环境进行物质交换，二是通过进行信息交换。10.如何理解政策系统是一个动态的连续过程？答：政策的动态性由本身与环境的关系决定，人的认识难免偏差，政策的制定不一定能达到客观存在的要求，实施过程中需要随时进行或大或小的调整；而政策的稳定性又决定了政策必须是一个连续的过程。第四章 政策制定11.政策问题建构主要涉及
