1、Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade Key I. Answer my questions 1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas s
2、uch as transportation,tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental. 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and divers
3、ification of sales and supplies. 3. To gain profit. 4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 5. There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports,Investment and Multinational Enterprise. 6. It is the account which is a summary sta
4、tement of the flowof all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 1) direct investment t
5、akes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parti
6、es. 2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country toanother to get a higher yield on short term investments. 9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterpri
7、se. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividendsand interest. 11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate. 12. It
8、 is limited by the number of people interested in a firms products and services and by customers capacity to make purchase. 13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firms resources. 14. Royalties means t
9、he payment for use of assets from abroad,such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising. 15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential a
10、sset for the franchisers business. II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on theright 1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H III Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力 11 经济复苏；恢复 1 2 潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 3 加价，涨价 13 间接投资 4 国内市场 14 有形货物 5 制成品 15 有形进出口 6 边际利润 16 收入及支出；岁
11、入及岁出 7 市场占有率 17 超额能力 8 贸易歧视 18 贸易中间人（商）；经纪人 9 时机选择 19 全部包建的工程承包方式 10 经销周期 20 许可 证协定 IV Case Study 1 Answer： Batteries called “white elephant“ exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because “white elephant“ was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the
12、market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate.Finally he found that is the brand “white elephant“ to be blame. The brands name translated into English was “white elephant“
13、 which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister,so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment.
14、The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldnt give it to others or kill it because its the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people inwestern countries would not buy the battery for the consum
15、ers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome. V. Open VI.Translate the following into English 1. Trade is often the engine of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion o
16、f exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international
17、 competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment. 2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country.
18、In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invi
19、sible trade. Invisible trade can be as important tosome nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buynecessities. 3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overs
20、eas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profi
21、t 2 and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between generalcontract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area. 4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products i
22、t needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter t
23、rade itself is not enough to meat a countrys import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade. Unit 2 General Pro
24、cedures of Export and Import Transaction I. Answer the following questions (Omited) II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text: 1.meeting/satisfying; 2.agent, foreign/overseas; mission;4.own; 5.setting; 6.patent; 7.profits; 8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiary III. Judge the fo
25、llowing statement, mark True (T) or False(F) 1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T IV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested 1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers inorder to enter into the contract. 2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer h
26、as been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to preventits entry into force. 3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information,such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter. 4. Acce
27、ptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer. 5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代） is a ship owners representative whose job is to find the ships to carry. V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars: Keys Mes
28、srs. Arthur Grey & Son, 19 Cheapside, London, E.C.2 Dear Sirs, We have obtained your name and address from China Council forPromotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district. We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and sh
29、ould be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote usyour best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing 3 conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars: Key Dear Sirs,
