输电网塔座基于GPS测量定位应用.doc

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1、输电网塔座基于 GPS 测量定位应用摘要:GPS 作为新一代导航和定位系统在电力项目工程的测量定位以及相关应用中具有很大的优势。本文详细介绍了 GPS 在输电网塔座施工前、施工中以及输电网塔座工作中的相关应用。 关键词:GPS;输电网塔座;测量;定位 GPS,即全球定位系统,是新一代的导航和定位系统。GPS 测量装置采用的是卫星定位原理。最初 GPS 一直应用于军事和科技事业,随着科学技术的迅速发展,该技术现在已经广泛的应用于各个领域的相关测量工作。GPS 的空间部分是由 21 颗工作卫星和 3 颗备用卫星组成,它们位于距地球表面 20200km 的高空,运行周期为 12h。卫星均匀分布在 6

2、 个轨道面上,轨道倾角为 55。地面控制系统由监测站、主控制站、地面天线组成。地面控制站负责收集由卫星传回的讯息,并计算相对距离、卫星星历,大气校正等数据。卫星的这种分布使得在全球任何地方、任何时间都可观测到至少 4 颗卫星。相对于传统测量工具而言,GPS 具有定位精度高、操作简便、测站之间无须通视、功能多、应用广、不受天气光线的影响等优点。而且其定位测量所使用的接收机自动化程度越来越高,在利用 GPS 接收机进行野外测量工作时,操作简单,人工干预少,大大提高了测量精度,同时降低了外业劳动强度。外业观测完成之后,内业操作时利用数据处理软件对观测数据进行处理,即可完成全部工作。此外,它还具有全球

3、性、全天候、连续的精密三维导航和定位能力,同时具有良好的抗干扰性和保密性。这些都是光学测量仪器无法比拟的。 1、GPS 对于输电网塔座的作用 近年来随着我国经济的迅速发展,国家的电力设施也在不断的扩展延伸与整改。在这些工程中,传统的测量设备已经不能很好的满足工作的要求,这就需要使用新技术 GPS 来进行相关的工作。作为发电站和配电站的中间环节,输电网在电力的运输过程中起着重要作用。输电网塔座在输送电的过程中要用来支持导线和避雷线,并使导线和导线之间,导线和避雷线之间,导线和塔座间以及导线和大地、铁轨、水面、公路、通讯线等被跨越物之间,保持一定的安全距离。它的布施还需要参照各级电压合理输送容量及

4、输送距离、相关地质信息等。这就要求使用 GPS来进行测量定位,来保证路径最优。 2、GPS 在输电网塔座施工前的应用 (1)施工前首先需要收集测区的控制点资料。需要收集的资料主要有控制点的坐标、坐标系,判断是常规控制网还是 GPS 控制网以及控制点的地形和位置环境适合作为动态还是静态 GPS 的参考站。 (2)其次需要求解转换参数,即需要将工程测量中 GPS 采集所用的WGS-84 坐标转换成需要的坐标。目前 GPS 所采用的坐标系统是 WGS-84 坐标系统,而我们需要测量定位的地区的坐标通常采用我国北京的 54 坐标或是西安 80 坐标,或当地坐标系。这几种坐标所采用的椭球参数和椭球扁率不

5、相同,需要进行坐标的转换来得到我们所需要的坐标系。 (3)再次就是参考站的选定和建立。保证参考站有正确的已知坐标;参考站的地理位置应选在地势较高、交通较便利、视野较为开阔、无明显障碍物、土质坚硬、不易破坏的地方;周围最好不要有 GPS 反射物,如大面积水域、大型建筑物等,无高压线、电视台、无线点发射站、微波站等干扰源,以防止数据链丢失以及物理效应的影响。 (4)最后应注意避免偏心观测。 3、GPS 在输电网塔座施工中的应用 GPS 在输电网塔座施工中的测量工作主rbnu5PmnoTmlr3lt6XnrZbnlaUq6K6o6K665Zyf5bu65bel56iL5qGG5p6257uT5p6E

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33、peeoi+aWveW3peebkeeQhuWIneaOojDkvY/lroXlsI/ljLrmsLTnlLXlronoo4Xlt6XnqIvmlr3lt6Xnm5HnkIbliJ3mjqJkAhMPZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDE4OSsxMGtW6YWN55S15bel56iL55S157yG5pa95bel55qE5oqA5pyv5YiG5p6QKzEwa1bphY3nlLXlt6XnqIvnlLXnvIbmlr3lt6XnmoTmioDmnK/liIbmnpBkAhQPZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDE5MC3pkojlr7novpPnlLXn

34、ur/ot6/mlr3lt6XotKjph4/mjqfliLbnmoTnoJTnqbYt6ZKI5a+56L6T55S157q/6Lev5pa95bel6LSo6YeP5o6n5Yi255qE56CU56m2ZAIVD2QWAmYPFQQADWZkY2QyMDEzMDQxOTFBODAwa1bnibnpq5jljovovpPnlLXnur/ot6/ml6Dot6jotormnrbot6jotormnrbnur/nmoTmioDmnK/mjqrmlr1BODAwa1bnibnpq5jljovovpPnlLXnur/ot6/ml6Dot6jotormnrbot6jotormnrbnur/nmoTm

35、ioDmnK/mjqrmlr1kAhYPZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDE5Mj/mtYXosIjlpoLkvZXmj5Dpq5jnlLXlipvlt6XnqIvorr7orqHmoaPmoYjnmoTlvIDlj5HliKnnlKjmsLTlubM/5rWF6LCI5aaC5L2V5o+Q6auY55S15Yqb5bel56iL6K6+6K6h5qGj5qGI55qE5byA5Y+R5Yip55So5rC05bmzZAIXD2QWAmYPFQQADWZkY2QyMDEzMDQxOTMk5rC05Yip5bel56iL5pa95bel6LSo6YeP5o6n5Yi25Yid

36、5o6iJOawtOWIqeW3peeoi+aWveW3pei0qOmHj+aOp+WItuWIneaOomQCGA9kFgJmDxUEAA1mZGNkMjAxMzA0MTk0POa1heiwiOaWveW3pemYtuautemjjueUteW3peeoi+ebkeeQhuW3peS9nOS4reWtmOWcqOeahOmXrumimDzmtYXosIjmlr3lt6XpmLbmrrXpo47nlLXlt6XnqIvnm5HnkIblt6XkvZzkuK3lrZjlnKjnmoTpl67pophkAhkPZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDE5NTbmtYXosIjkvY/l

37、roXlsI/ljLrmsLTnlLXlronoo4Xlt6XnqIvmlr3lt6Xnm5HnkIbmjqfliLY25rWF6LCI5L2P5a6F5bCP5Yy65rC055S15a6J6KOF5bel56iL5pa95bel55uR55CG5o6n5Yi2ZAIaD2QWAmYPFQQADWZkY2QyMDEzMDQxOTY25rC05Yip5bel56iL5bu66K6+566h55CG6Z2i5Li055qE5oyR5oiY5LiO5a+5562W5YiG5p6QNuawtOWIqeW3peeoi+W7uuiuvueuoeeQhumdouS4tOeahOaMkeaImOS4juWv

38、ueetluWIhuaekGQCGw9kFgJmDxUEAA1mZGNkMjAxMzA0MTk3M+a1heiuruawtOWIqeW7uuiuvuaWveW3peeuoeeQhui/h+eoi+S4reeahOWIm+aWsOeCuTPmtYXorq7msLTliKnlu7rorr7mlr3lt6XnrqHnkIbov4fnqIvkuK3nmoTliJvmlrDngrlkAhwPZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDE5OCrmsLTliKnmsLTnlLXlt6XnqIvmlr3lt6XnrqHnkIbopoHngrnmjqLnqbYq5rC05Yip5rC055S15bel

39、56iL5pa95bel566h55CG6KaB54K55o6i56m2ZAIdD2QWAmYPFQQADWZkY2QyMDEzMDQxOTkz5o6i6K6o5rC05Yip5rC055S15bel56iL54GM5rWG5pa95bel5oqA5pyv55qE5bqU55SoM+aOouiuqOawtOWIqeawtOeUteW3peeoi+eBjOa1huaWveW3peaKgOacr+eahOW6lOeUqGQCHg9kFgJmDxUEAA1mZGNkMjAxMzA0MjAwIeeUtemHh+aaluS+m+aalueahOWPr+ihjOaAp+eglOeptiHnlLXph4fm

40、mpbkvpvmmpbnmoTlj6/ooYzmgKfnoJTnqbZkAh8PZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDIwMSTlvJXmsLTlt6XnqIvln7rlnZHmlK/miqTmioDmnK/liIbmnpAk5byV5rC05bel56iL5Z+65Z2R5pSv5oqk5oqA5pyv5YiG5p6QZAIJD2QWBGYPFQEM6KOF6aWw6KOF5L+uZAIBDxYCHwECBBYIZg9kFgJmDxUEAA1mZGNkMjAxMzA0MjAyKuiuuuW7uuetkeiuvuiuoeS4juWupOWGheijheS/ruW3peeoi+Wxleacmyrorrrlu7rnrZHorr7orqHkuI7lrqTlhoXoo4Xkv67lt6XnqIvlsZXmnJtkAgEPZBYCZg8VBAANZmRjZDIwMTMwNDIwMxvmtYXosIjnsr7oo4Xkv67lt6XnqIvnrqHnkIYb5rWF6LC

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