1、According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exch
2、ange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Partys 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the
3、 partys advanced nature and purity, in the party, with “pragmatic and clean for the people“ as the main content of the partys mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the partys major decision
4、 is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist partys major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the partys mass line in education pr
5、actice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Partys 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020
6、 Chinas gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dr
7、eam of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow
8、is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China
9、was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the partys mass line, helps
10、to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have “common language“ socialist countries must have “unity of will“. History hasproved that a people and a nation, if it does
11、not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means
12、 of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Ch
13、inese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our p
14、arty will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to alw
15、ays maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enhancing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work
16、 merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental in
17、terests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of
18、people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamen
19、tal purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by
20、the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally
21、 value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some普外科实习护士入科考试试题姓名 年 月 日一、简述三查、七对内容答：三查：操作前查，操作中查，操作后查。七对：床号，姓名，药名，剂量，浓度，时间和用法。一注意：注意用药后反应。二、简述青霉素皮试配制方法 答：配置方法：1、取青霉素钠 80 万单位加溶媒 4ml，溶解混匀，溶解浓度为 20 万单位/ml ；2、用 1ml 注射器抽取前液 0.1ml，加溶媒 0.9ml，摇匀，溶液浓度 2 万单位/ml ；
22、3、抽取前液 0.1ml，加溶媒 0.9ml，混匀，溶液浓度为 2000 单位/ml；4、抽取前液 0.1ml（或 0.25ml） ，加溶液 0.9ml（或 0.75ml）摇匀，溶液浓度为 200 单位/ml（或500 单位/ml） 。三、氧浓度计算公式答：吸氧浓度%21+4 氧流量（升/ 分钟）四、大量不保留灌肠注意事项：答：1、灌肠中途如有腹胀或便意时，瞩作深呼吸，灌肠完毕不要立即排便，要使液体保留 510 分钟以上。注意少暴露病人，防止着凉。2、掌握溶液的温度、浓度、流速，压力和溶液的量。遇伤寒病员灌肠，溶液不得超过 500 毫升，压力要低（液面不得超过肛门 30 厘米）3、如为降温灌肠
23、，可用 2832 度等渗盐水，保留 30 分钟后再排出，排便后隔半小时再测量体温并作好记录。4、肝昏迷病员禁用肥皂水灌肠，以减少氨的产生和吸收。5、灌肠过程中随时注意观察病情，发现脉速、面色苍白、出冷汗、剧烈腹痛、心慌气急，立即停止灌肠，并和医生联系。五、气管切开护理：答：1、体位 保持头颈部伸展位，保证气管的居中位置，防止套管移动，闭塞脱出，造成窒息。2、呼吸道湿化 做好呼吸道湿化有利于稀释痰液，保持呼吸道通畅，湿化液配置：盐水 20ML，庆大 80万单位，糜蛋白酶 5MG，每隔 2 小时交替随气管套管壁缓缓滴入 35ml,弯针头可进行多方位滴药，便于掌握滴速，应用比较方便，也可用超声化吸入
24、的方法进行呼吸道湿化。3.气管套管护理 严格的套管清洁消毒是防止并发症的关键环节。以往内套管消毒是用煮沸法，费时费力是其缺点，我们采用浸泡法，用 2%戊二醛器械液浸泡，每次浸泡 510min，一般每隔 4h 取出内套管清洗一次，从消毒液中取出套管后先用生理盐水冲洗，再用无菌纱布擦干，然后插入外套管，管口用双层湿纱布遮盖，换下的套管刷净擦干，放入消毒液中浸泡备用，消毒液每周更换一次。4.气管内痰 戴无菌手套，先用手指紧捏吸引皮管以阻断负压，将吸痰管经气管套管迅速轻巧地送入气道深部，刺激病人咳嗽反射，使下部气道分泌物咳至主气管内，然后开放负压，左右旋转导管，边吸引边向上提，一次抽出痰液，切忌上下多
25、次长时间的抽动，以免造成缺氧，一般单次吸引时间不宜超过 10 秒钟，如痰粘稠密不宜咳出，可在吸引前先用简易呼吸囊加强供氧，由气管内滴入少许稀释液，再持续加压通气，使滴入的液体深入到下部气道中，以稀释痰液，利于痰液排出。5.每隔 3 小时将气囊放气 1 次，若使用双气囊套管者，应定时交替充气放气，防止气管黏膜受压过久而造成损伤，使用单气囊者，每 3 小时放气 1 次。6.吸痰导管的处理 吸痰管应预先高压消毒 12 盘备用，或将清洁干燥的吸痰管防入 2%戊二醛内浸泡510 分钟，也可达到消毒目的。7.切口处理 每日换药 2 次，拔出套管后用凡士林纱布覆盖，伤口多在 1 周内愈合。8. 拔出气管套管
26、 患者原发病已愈，自主呼吸良好，咳嗽反射正常，即可考虑拔除气管套管，先用胶布部分遮盖套管管口，若无呼吸困难，逐渐增大覆盖面积，当完全遮盖套管管口 24 小时，观察没有呼吸困难，血According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put th
27、is stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line educati
28、on practice activities of major meaning Partys 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the partys advanced nature and purity, in the party, with “pragmatic and clean for the people“ as the main content of the partys mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secre
29、tary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthen the partys major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist partys major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of soci
30、alism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the partys mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Partys 18 to promote strategic deployment to bui
31、lding socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 Chinas gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democra
32、tic, civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national pro
33、sperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger
34、China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental
35、starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the partys mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have “common language“ socialist count
36、ries must have “unity of will“. History hasproved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a
37、 joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integr
38、ating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core pro
39、blem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has
40、 always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advanced nature and purity and enhancing the partys ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and d
41、evelop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming ma
42、jority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a cl
43、ear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materi
44、alism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determine
45、d in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the
46、 people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some气分析正常时，即可拔出气管套管，拔管前应先吸痰，拔管后早期应观察咳痰及呼吸情况；如拔管后再发生严重呼吸困难者，可经原切口再次插入气管套管。普外科实习护士入科考试试题姓名 年 月 日一、简述注射原则答：1、认真执行“三查” “七对
47、” ，仔细检查药物，如有变质，沉淀，混浊，过期，安瓶有裂痕等现象均不能应用。需同时注射数种药物时，应注意配伍禁忌。2、严格遵守无菌操作原则，防止感染。注射部位皮肤按常规消毒，待干后方可注射。3、根据注射途径、药液剂量及药物性质选择合适的注射器和针头。注射器要完整、无缝、无漏气；选用型号合适、无锈、无钩、无弯曲的锐利针头。注射器和针头衔接要紧密。4、要选择合适的注射部位，以避免损伤血管，不能在发炎、硬结、疤痕或患皮肤病处注射。5、在注射前必须排尽空气，以防止空气进入血管形成栓塞。6、在进针后，推药前应先抽回血，皮下、肌肉注射，必须在无回血时方可注射，静脉注射时，必须有回血，确定针头管内方可注射。
48、7、严格掌握“二快一慢” ，无痛注射。二、绘制体温单答：体温单用于记录病人体温、脉搏、呼吸皮其它情况 ? 主要由护士填写 , 住院期间体温单排列在病历最前面。（一）体温单的书写要求1. 体温单的眉栏顶目、日期及页数均用蓝黑、碳素墨水笔填写。各眉栏项目应填写齐全，字迹清晰。2. 在体温单 4042 之间的相应格内用红色铅笔或钢笔纵式填写入院、分娩、手术、转入、转出、出院、死亡及其时间 , 要求具体到时和分；请假不写时间 （ 以医嘱时间为准） ，竖破折号占两个小格。3. 体温单的每页第 1 日应填写年、月、日，其余 6 天不填年、月，只填日。如在每页当中跨越月或年度，则应填写月、日或年、月、日。4
49、.体温单 34以下，呼吸、大便次数用蓝色铅笔绘制，其余各项均用蓝黑、碳素墨水笔填写。5.手术后日数连续填写 10 天，如在 10 内又做手术,则第二次手术日数作为分子, 第一次手术日数作为分母填写 。例 : 第一次手术 3 天又做第二次手术即写 3 (2)、 1/4 、 2/5、 3/6 10/13，连续写至末次手术的第 10 天。6.病人因做特殊检查或其它原因而未测量体温、脉搏、呼吸时，应补试并填入体温单相应栏内，病人如特殊情况必须外出者，须经医师批准书写医嘱并记录在护理记录单上。其外出时间，护士不测试和绘制体温、脉搏、呼吸，返院后的体温、脉搏与外出前不相连。7.体温在 35（含 35）以下者，可在 35横线下用蓝色铅笔写上“不升”两字，不与下次测试的体温、脉搏相连。（二）体温、脉搏、呼吸、大便等的记录1.体温的记录：体温以“”表示腋下表，以“”表示肛表，以“.”表示口表。体温曲线用蓝色铅笔绘制。降温后的体温是以红圈“”表示，再用红色铅笔画虚线连接降温前体温，下次所试体温应与降温前体温相连。如患者高热经多次采取降温措施
