1、1Considerations on the rescue designAbstract: From the macro and micro perspectives, this paper respectively expoundsthe design principles and design countermeasures of the rescue design. It also discusses how to convert the design into real product. The aim is to rethink the significance of design
2、to life and the relation between them from a designers viewpoint when confronting so many disasters and tragedies. Key words: rescue; existence; desig 1. Main text From the 2004 tsunami in Indonesia to the 2008 snow disaster in Southern China, from the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake in China to the
3、2001 great tsunami in Japan. Unexpected nature disasters are happening every minter in the world. The disasters bring us the grief of having lost the relatives and sweet homeland, and meanwhile give us the bloody warnings. As designers, whether or not we can find out what the design can do for the d
4、isasters from the prospective of our major, rethink how to carry on effective rescue design, so as to minimize the loss of the disaster, protect the security of 2public life and property from the angle of design. This is also the best interpretation of the”people-oriented” essence of design. 2.Thoug
5、hts on rescue design from micrographic view 2.1 Classification of the design of rescue equipment Second point Rescue design is also called design for life. The rescue equipments refer to all maneuverable tools that could be used to save the life and the property of the victim during the disaster. Ac
6、cording to different rescue subjects and different kinds of calamities ,the rescue equipment could be classified as follow. 2.2 According to the classification of subject. Rescue subject refers to the worker who play the leading role in the rescue project. It includes the professional rescuers and t
7、he victims who do the self-aid. Rescue equipments used by the professional rescuers are always large in size, more technical in operation and more effective and powerful in the rescue at the same time. Such as the vehicles for transportation and communication, sails and mini helicopters, various kin
8、ds of tools for lifting ,picking and handling, equipments for storing living supplies and generating 3electricity and so on. While the self-aid equipments used bye the victims are always small in size, convenient to take ,easy to operate and safe to use. They are divided roughly into two kinds: One
9、is the life saving products that is used to maintain life, such as the simple medicine chest, gas mask and personal complete set tools. Another one is the self-aid products that is used to escape, such as the distress signal system, the self-rescuer of compressed oxygen and safety hammer. 3 Accordin
10、g to classification of calamities kinds According to different causes of the disasters. The disaster rescue equipment could be divided into two kinds. The first kind of rescue equipments are used in the nature accident beyond control, the second kind of rescue equipments are used in the man-made dis
11、aster. the nature disasters are mainly the unexpected storm, flood, drought, typhoon, storm surge, freezing injury, hail, thunder, earthquake, volcanic eruption, mud-rock flow, landslide, landslipe, insect pestand so on. These could cause extensive damage, serious devastation and result in grave con
12、sequences, besides,these disasters are irresistible. The rescue equipments used for the nature disasters are abundant in variety and large in size. For example the snow clearers, special rescue vehicles and so on. 4Man-made disaster refers to the calamitous accidents caused by the personal reasons s
13、uch as the traffic accident, arson, and so on. Its rescue equipments include the fire engine,special vehicles used in scene of the traffic accident and so on. According to the statistics from the WHO ,each year, about 3.5 million people killed by the traffic accident, arson, violence, poisoning, ind
14、ustry accident and other accidents. The losses of the medical insurance and production capacity caused by the accidents reach to 50 billion every year. The occurence of the accident is of high frequency, cause serious local damage and the influence could not be neglected. 4. The design principle of
15、the rescue of equipment To be or not to be is determined by the quality of design to a certain degree. From the angle of product design, this paper discusses the design principle of the rescue equipment. 4.1 Security principle The security principle requires that the rescue equipment should guarante
16、e the security of the rescuers, victims, and the rescue environment during use. Guarantee the safety of the rescue subject. Rescue subject refers to the worker who play the leading role in the rescue project. The safety of the rescue is related to the efficiency and the result of the 5relief work. G
17、uarantee the safety of the victim. The safety of the victim is the ultimate purpose of the relief work, whether the victim is safe or not decide whether the relief work is success or fail. The security of the rescue environment. The rescuers have to rescue the victim under given rescue environment.
18、A safe rescue environment is the premise and support of smooth progress of the relief work. 4.2 Simple operation principle. Simple operation principle requires that the rescue equipment must be in conformity with the principle of the human engineering and designed under the accustomed operation. Bec
19、ause of the special rescue environment, during the rescue precss, the rescuers and the victims will have manifestation of anxiety and fear ,which made the disorder of ability to control the body. While the equipments that are in conformity with the man-machine and accustomed operation could improve
20、the efficiency and save the time. 4.3 Warning principle The disaster-relief work should adhere to the principle of giving priority to the warning, we need to put prevention first and minimize the loss result from the disaster. Therefore the rescue equipment design should include the design of emerge
21、nt 6warning products. Such as the alarm, disaster monitor. 4.4 Rapidity principle The rescue work is a race against time, during the process, the efficiency of the rescue equipments concerns the whole schedule of rescue. For instance, the safety hammer equiped for the bus is light and convenient, it
22、 could creat the escape opportunity promptly. However, the pity is there is no such design in this during bus accident, which bring a devastating disaster to the passengers closed in the bus. Therefore, the designer should pay attention to the efficiency of the products during the design process, me
23、anwhile, the department concerned should carry out coercion measures to implement the work. 4.5 Summary To take the self-aid in the bus for instance ,the new bus should be equiped with life saving tools, such as the emergent door open button, manual door open device, engine auto extinguishing equipm
24、ent. To produce with flame-resisting materials, use the windows that could push and pull, the closed window that could open in emergency and safety hammer that could alarm. These equipments all present the safety ,simple operation ,warning and rapidity design principles of the rescue design. At the
25、same time, in the domain of vehicles management, 7it also has well-rounded safety examination, warranty and echnology archives system. So,the excellent design for rescue equipment transformation of the technics and the stringent implement of various rules and regulations have become the foundation o
26、f guaranting the safety of the public. 5. Thoughts on rescue design countermeasure from macrographic view. 5.1. Perfect the policy guarantee. It is understood that under the circumstance when all the countries are facing the same disaster, some developing country suffer the loss of 80% of its GDP, w
27、hile that of the developed countries is only 4%.Thus can be seen that, though the disaster is terrible, the precise forecast and accurate measures could minimize the threat of the disaster.The relief and reconstruction work after the Wenchuan earthquake is very successful. This is due to the followi
28、ng aspects: The first is the party and the government have mobilized the whole national effectively and orderly at the first time. United as a wall fighting against earthquake and relieving disaster. The action have won the high praise from home and abroad, established well human environment and con
29、sensus environment. The second is after over three decades of reform and opening up, our national economic power and 8comprehensive national strength have enhanced markedly, which has supported us with sufficient funds, human resources, well management and organizations. All of these have guaranteed
30、 the high quality, high speed and high standard reconstruction work. The post-disaster reconstruction work is moving in a capable, orderly, and effective way. This is mainly because our country is going through its fastest-ever period of growth since it began opening up 30 years ago. Implementation
31、of the scientific development, building a harmonious society and establishing the new socialistic rural areas have provided the post-disaster reconstruction work with basic theory and precious opportunity. It is reported, the national disaster prevention and emergency handbook compiled by the State
32、Disaster Reduction Commission and the Ministry of Civil Affairs has been published. The book systematically expound how to take emergent measures when encountering nature disaster, personal accident, public hygiene accident and other various danger. It has elaborated these in a scientific and intere
33、sting way with words and illustrations. It is easy to learn and very practical. Since the attached CD has also been published. The common sense has been shown to people in a stereo way. 5.2. The realization of rescue design. 9Besides the improvement of the policies and the regulations. How to conver
34、t the excellent rescue equipment design into the product and apply it in the daily life? I believe, firstly, the government should set aside special subsidies and funds for the research and design and the technical reform across the country. At the same time, implement unified safety standards and c
35、arry out under coercion, set the national standards in some fields to enhance the security. Secondly, the local government should take measures to help the development of the rescue equipment design like increasing the subsidies, offering the bank loan and guarantee and collecting no government fund
36、s. Last but not the least, the government could popularise the new products as doing the public welfare cause, and the corporations could hold the specific bazaar as doing a welfare service. By this way, we could turn the excellent design into product and put it into use. Therefore, besides improve
37、the policies and regulations, we are faced with another problem: how to convert the design into real product. While the key to implement the excellent rescue design so as to guarantee the safety of the public is the governments macro-management and guidance and the active participation of the busine
38、ss enterprises and on government organizations. 6. Conclusion 10Nowadays, with the high speed development of the human civilization and technology, the loss and casualties brought by various disasters are difficult to estimate. As designers, when encountering calamities and tragedies,should rethink
39、profoundly ,get ready to face great challenges and research the significance of design to life from the origin of the design. Pay attention to life, return to the origin, There is before the designers a heavy responsibility and a long way to go. References 1 Jordan, P. W. Putting the pleasure into p
40、roducts. IEE Review, 1997., 249-252. 2 Kato, A. Surroundings as community space: From the standpoint of street design. In Japanese open space as an amenity: Plaza, square and pedestrian space,1993, pp. 148-156. Tokyo: Process Architecture. 3 Lynch, K. The openness of open space. In T. Banerjee & M.
41、Southworth. (Eds.), City sense and city design: Writings and projects of Kevin Lynch, 1990, p. 396-412. 4 Siu, K. W. M. Trends in public design for the disabled: A case study on public design for visually impaired people. In A. Silva & R. Sim?es (Eds.), Handbook of research on trends in product design and development: Technological and
