1、1Exploration on Hierarchical Teaching in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Mass HigheAbstract. The paper begins with uneven individual difference of students under the background of mass higher education and diversified needs of social development on talent， and explores the problems
2、 of hierarchical teaching under the background of mass higher education on the principle of student-centered， quality oriented， development-oriented and individualized instruction. This text summarizes current status of development of hierarchical teaching in colleges and universities， analyzes its
3、necessity and validity and proposes concrete strategies. Key words： higher education， the background of mass， hierarchical teaching， exploration Traditional higher education judges students of different characteristics and levels on absolute and fixed quality standard of talent， leading to contradic
4、tion between uniform teaching mode and uniform teaching mode， which demands us to update the concept of education and teaching and explore 2personnel training mode and teaching and management mode adapting to the new situation. Thus hierarchical teaching in colleges and universities under the backgr
5、ound of mass higher education comes into being. 1 Summary on Current Status of Development of Hierarchical Teaching in Colleges and Universities Our country began to value and develop hierarchical teaching in middle nineties last century. With the implementation of nine-year compulsory education and
6、 the introduction of modern education thought and teaching experience， many large and secondary schools have adopted the strategy of hierarchical teaching and achieved significant achievement. In 2000， hierarchical teaching began to be valued in China. Research and reform practice of hierarchical te
7、aching in university mathematics education（ item code B0101） is cited as the classification of research and practice of training program on professional talents and comprehensive reform on series courses in the educational reform programs of higher education in the beginning of 21 century. Due to gu
8、iding role of national policies and new situation of mass education stage， Nanjing University of Science & Technology implemented 3hierarchical teaching in physics teaching in1997 and achieved satisfactory and outstanding achievement， and the program won the second prize of national teaching achieve
9、ment. In 2001， East China Normal University researched and practiced hierarchical teaching in mathematics. Harbin University of Science and Technology explored and implemented the new mode of hierarchical management， hierarchical teaching and strengthening personality education aiming at new charact
10、eristics of students structure after the expansion of enrollment， and invested 2 million on the reform pilot in 2004. 2 Analysis on Necessity of Hierarchical Teaching in Colleges and Universities 2.1 Requisitions to narrow the gap among college students Firstly， individual difference of students exi
11、sts objectively， which includes intellectual difference and non- intelligence difference There exists a remarkable lag between each individual in congenital disposition potential， character， ambitions and hobbies. Secondly， the difference of basic education level caused by the imbalance of economic
12、development in every area is very big， which serves to further aggravate the difference among students brought by expansion. Thirdly， due to the expansion of enrollment in Colleges and 4Universities， the effect of college entrance examination on selecting students weakens， and students with differen
13、t quality in each aspect pour into colleges and universities. Lastly， colleges and universities adopted the principle of enrolling students according to score segments of the college entrance examination scores， which is a factor to cause the principle of enrolling students according to score segmen
14、ts of the college entrance examination scores adopted by colleges and universities， which cause the widening gap among students. Therefore， hierarchical teaching can narrow the difference among students， and improve the growth of all students. 2.2 Needs to promote all-round development of college st
15、udents Education should promote all-round development of every student， that is， the development of mind and body， intelligence， sensitivity， aesthetic consciousness， personal responsibility and spiritual value. With the help of the education received in their youth， making every student develop the
16、 ideology with independence and critical spirit， and cultivating their own judgment， which helps them to decide to do what he thinks right in different situations of life. 52.3 Needs to implement full-scale quality education Quality education has the epochal connotation of adapting to social develop
17、ment. Firstly， quality education is the education to face all the students. The government and administrative department for education should make efforts to provide equitable education for all school-aged children and teenagers. Secondly， quality education is the education to promote all-round deve
18、lopment of students. Quality education advocates that education should cultivate citizens with reasonable quality structure who own sound physiological quality， psychological diathesis， ideological standards and cultural quality. Thirdly， quality education is the education to promote the development
19、 of healthy personality of students. One of the objectives to implement quality education is giving students time and space to exercise talents and abilities， which promotes their hobbies and interests to develop towards right direction. 2.4 Needs to increase the quality of mass higher education The
20、 expansion of higher education is good， and higher education in our country develops from elite education to mass education. However， in the process of expansion， the government， society and schools spares no 6effort to raise funds and mine potential， but the needs of development still cant be follo
21、wed. The most obvious manifestation is that the per capita land area， per capita housing area of teaching administration， per capita library materials and per capita teaching instrument and equipment decreased differently， which makes the increase of higher education quality lack of necessary materi
22、al assurance. 2.5 Needs to prevent internal contradictions of development in universities On one hand， higher education should adapt to the needs of market economy， knowledge economy， integration of world economy and socialist modernization of our country， take the quality of talent cultivation as t
23、he lifeblood of survival and development for schools and make the reform of teaching method and the increase of teaching standard as eternal theme of school work. The fundamental task is to cultivate senior innovative talents for society. On the other hand， teaching ability of school， education theo
24、ry and students subjective possibility influences and limits the completion of teaching task， and develops internal contradictions of development in universities. Hierarchical teaching is beneficial to sole the problem. 73 Analysis on Effectiveness of Hierarchical Teaching in Colleges and Universiti
25、es I consulted related data in deans office of Shanghai University Of i， and visited some leafers， teachers and students of management college， mechanical college and optoelectronics college. And I applied the method of combining random sampling with stratified sampling to give a questionnaire surve
26、y to the students of 03 and 04 grade in 3 colleges. Issuing 100 peices of questionnaire in the progressive class， 95 pieces were retrieved and 91 were effective. Issuing 100 pieces in regular classe， 94 pieces were retrieved and 90 pieces were effective. 3.1 Hierarchical teaching in colleges and uni
27、versities stimulates learning potential of students The essence of hierarchical teaching is to face all the students， admit individual difference and develop students speciality by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude according to the demands of quality education. Progressive class me
28、chanism has stronger competition and mobility， which not only brings pressre on the students in progressive classes， but also can bring hope for students in regualar classes and achieves beneficial result of progressive 8classes and regular classes （ see Table 1 and Table 2）. It endeavours to create
29、 study environment which is the most suitable for his own learning for every student， which mobilizes greately most of the students to study positivly and actively（ see Tabke3）. and develops their learning potential （see Table 4）. Table 1 Statistical table of response degree on study initiative for
30、the students in progressive classes after implementing hierarchical teaching Table 1 indicates that the reform measure is popular with students in progressive classes. Table 2 Statistical table of response degree on study initiative for the students in Table 2 shows that reform measure not only is p
31、opular with students in progressive classes， but also receives favorable impression on students in regular classes Table 3 Statistical table of response degree on study initiative for all the students after implementing hierarchical teaching Table3 indicates that the implementation of hierarchical t
32、eaching in universities mobilizes positive and active learning for most student. Table4 List of pass rate of Advanced Calculus scores in 9each class of foundation college during 20022003 The source of data is deans office in Shanghai University ofTechnology Table 4 indicates that progressive classes
33、 mechanism has stronger competition and mobility， which can motivate learning potential of students. 3.2 Hierarchical teaching in colleges and universities promotes the improvement of students cultural quality With gradual implementation of hierarchical teaching， the practice of competition and lear
34、ning springs up in each college even in the whole university （see Table 5）. Emergency of favorable style of study promotes the improvement of students cultural quality， which is represented by progress of students grades （see Table 5）. Table5 Statistical table of response degree on study ethos of al
35、l the students after implementing hierarchical teaching Table5 indicates that study ethos becomes stong or is changing after implementing hierarchical teaching. Table 6 Statistical table of response degree on academic performance of all the students after implementing hierarchical teaching Table 6 i
36、ndicates that students academic performance 10improves in different degree after implementing hierarchical teaching. 3.3 Hierarchical teaching in colleges and universities promotes the improvement of students ideological quality Hierarchical teaching in colleges and universities not only promotes th
37、e progress of study atmosphere and improves students academic performance and cultural quality， but also promotes the improvement of students ideological quality. The following data can be as the evidence： Foundation College has 23 official student Party members and probationary Party members， in wh
38、ich 11 members studies in DJ class accounting for 50% of the number of student Party members. There are 466 students in the college submitting Party membership application， in which 162 studies in DJ class. There are 553 students in DJ class， and the students submitting Party membership application
39、accounts for 30%. There are 67 classes relating to DJ class in the college， in which there are more than 400 class leaders. And nearly half of the class leaders study in DJ class. 3.4 Hierarchical teaching in colleges and universities promotes the improvement of students psychological quality Firstly， hierarchical teaching can make students face the
