1、1Sanda combat combination attack action effectiveness researchAbstract. this paper analyzes the effectiveness of combined attacks in Sanda battle through watching the Sanda Competition in 11th National Games and a technical analysis of the live radio as well as the application of combined attacks in
2、 this competition by means of special data statistics software. Key words： Sanda combat； combined attacks； effectiveness 1 Introduction Combined attacks technique in Sanda is to combine， after mastering correctly single attack movement， organically two or more movements into a technique group for th
3、e purpose of attacking the opponent effectively and consecutively. Well-organized attacks can generate great overwhelming powers， accelerate the speed of attacks and defense and effectively balance the body. Combined attacks is the most active and positive technique to conquer the opponent and win t
4、he contest. In mastering this technique， attention shall be paid to the combination of straightness and arc， the left， right， upward 2and downward as well as taking consideration to the beating heaviness and speed so as to realize an attack is also a form of defense and vice versa. This paper analyz
5、es the effectiveness of combined attacks in Sanda battle through watching the Sanda Competition in 11th National Games and a technical analysis of the live vedio as well as the application of combined attacks in this competition by means of special data statistics software. 2 Classification of forms
6、 of wining in Sanda Competitions in the 11th National Games In the 11th National Games， there are 120 Sanda competitions altogether. 88 competitions are won by gaining more points， accounting for 73% of the whole； 10 competitions are won by default， accounting for 8%； 9 competitions are won by equal
7、 points but less weight， accounting for 8%； 6 competitions are won through pushing off the opponents off the platform twice， accounting 5%； only 4 competitions are won by a landside， accounting for 3%； 3 competitions are won by accidents or being fouled， accounting for 3%（see table 1.） Table1： Forms
8、 of winning in Sanda competitions in the 11th National Games According to the statistics， most Sanda competitions are 3won by gaining more points； although winning by default， less weight and pushing the opponent off the platform take up a lower rate， they could not be neglected； wining by a landsli
9、de only takes up 3% indicates that in the 11th National Games， the athletics are all good at both attack as well as defense and protection， little gap is found among them. 3 Analysis of rule about using attacks technique and the trend of technical development in Sanda battle According to the perform
10、ance of man of the last eight in the top 60 games （a total of 135 bounds） ， ， there is a statistics which analysis the use of attacks technique in the 11thNational Games. Therein， mans competition is divided into the following six levels： 50kg、58kg、 67.5kg、 77.5kg、87.5kg and more than 87.5kg. On ave
11、rage， each level selects 10 games to make a statistics. This data has a great representing significance to understand the performance of using attacking techniques in high level Sanda games. Because the top last eight athletes at different levels in the 11th National Games basically represent Sandas
12、 highest technique level of Chinas domestic. And the winning law lies in the various aspects of the high level athletes. 3.1 Application of attacks technique 4Single play uses 3531times， accounting for 83%； two combination play uses 551times， accounting for 13%； three combination play uses 108times，
13、 accounting for 1%； From the above data， we can see： single play and two combination play are the most commonly methods which are used in Sanda competition. Two combinations and three combinations are the main part in combination play， more than three combination play rarely used. 3.2 From the game
14、scores of using plays The scoring number of single play is 892 times， serves for 25%， controlling number is 2639 times， control rate serves for 75%； the scoring number of two combination play is 148 times， serves for 27%， control number is 403 times， control rate serves for 73%； the scoring number o
15、f three combination play is 51 times， serves for 47%， control number is 57 times， control rate serves for 53%； the scoring number of more than three combination play is 13 times， serves for 41%， control number is 19 times and controlling rate serves for 59%. According to the above analysis， we can d
16、raw a conclusion： although some attacks techniques do not gain points， they achieve their aims and effectiveness of controlling the opponents in actual competition. So， the author uses control 5number and control rate to represent them. Specific see table 2. Table2： Effect of active attack technique
17、 application in Statistics From the analysis， we can see that： although the usage number of single attacks play is far more than the two combination plays， the scoring rate and control rate between the two are generally consistent； the control rate is far more than scoring rate. Although three combi
18、nation play and more than threes use less as a whole， the points of both are higher， especially the point of the three combinations is the highest， accounting for 47%， relatively， the control rate of both is lower than single plays and two combination players. From this， it will be seen that the con
19、trol effect of single play and two combinations is bigger than the scoring effect in the both sides control and anti-control battle， which indicates that there is an intensive fighting between the two sides about the rights of control and initiative. 3.3 From the application of attacks technique Tab
20、le 3 shows that from the application of attacks technique， we can see ：in single play， wrestling technique is used commonly， which embodies that wrestling technique is 6the main winning means and method in Sanda competition and it also has an obvious control effect for punches and kicks. Take the th
21、ree units， 45 group games， of the first day for example， among which 31 groups gain their score and win the competition directly through wrestling technique， 9 groups win by means of pushing the opponent off the platform， 4 groups gain scores and win the game by the combination of punches and kicks；
22、 there is one group win the battle by kicks. Although the usage of wrestling technique not like the 10th ： the score of punches， kicks and wrestling relatively keep balance， wrestling technique still plays an important role in many matches. Table 3： The initiative into the attack techniques of order
23、 statistic Tagging： Before the punch=11； Behind the punch=12； Front lateral boxing =21； After lateral boxing=22； Front low lateral kick=31； After low lateral kick=32； Wrestling=0 Whatever the single play， the first bound of two combination play or threes， among which the usage of former strike and l
24、ow author before is most. Because the distance among former strike and low author before is very close， not only can rob some score， but also to maximize to interrupt and 7control the opponent. The second bound of two combination play and threes gives priority to after strike and combines the usage
25、of former， after sweeping side punch and former strike. 3.4 From the application of combination movement in competition In two combinations， the usage of combining Quan-quan， leg boxing and boxing legs is more； In the three combinations， the usage of combining Quan-quan boxing， Quan-quan leg and leg
26、 Quan-quan is more.（see table 4. ） Table 4： Active attack two and three element combination technical application of order statistic Tagging： Wrestling=W； Boxing=B； Kicking=K 3.5 The application effectiveness of active attacks technique The rule of Sanda competition adopts two out of three winnings
27、in the 11th National Games， each bound plays two minutes. Table 8 shows that in each bound， on average single play uses 26 times， two combination play uses 4 times， threes is 0.8 times and more than threes is 0.2 times. The rob and control of single play are the main parts during the whole competiti
28、on， the usage of combination play is less. （See table 5.） Table 5： Effect of active attack 8technique application in Statistics 4 The application effectiveness of kicks in competition From the table 6， we can see： in single play， the usage rate of low kick accounts for 64%， the mid kicks is 6%； in t
29、he two combination play， the usage rate of low kick accounts for 83%； in the more than three combination play， the usage rate of low kick accounts for 85%， the mid kicks is 11% and the high kicks is 4%. From the above data， we can see that among the several plays， the usage rate of high kick is lowe
30、r； the usage rate of mid kick is more in single play， but lower in others； during the whole competition， the low kick is the main part. From the live game， we can see that the usage of low kick has the following great features： facilitate athletes to control； fast speed； hard to be counterattacked b
31、y the opponent； good stability. Generally， the athletes chose the low kicks to attack in order to ensure the victory and not give the opportunity for opponent to attack back. Athletes can chose high kicks when they completely grasp the initiative or they have no any chances to win the competition. T
32、able6： High， middle， low kick usage statistics 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 From the live competition and video statistical 9analysis， we can see： the usage of Sandas attacks technique gives priority to single play， the usage of combination movement is less； the scoring number of single pla
33、y and two combination play is lower， but the control rate is higher； the scoring number of three combination play is higher， low kick is the main technique. 5.2 Whatever from the live games or the technical statistical analysis， we can draw a conclusion that the winning rule soft technique are： conc
34、ise、practical、quick、fine 、comprehension and specialty. 5.3 Sanda， as confrontational combat project at the same battle， focuses on the control and anti-control between the fighters. Control and anti-control mainly embodies the following aspects： time、space、skill、physical agility、psychology and capac
35、ity. The perfect combination between capacity and skill， physical agility and psychology will be the development trend of Sanda movement. 5.4 Based on the winning factors and laws of Sanda to select and train athletes； to know the changeable rules and characteristics of athletes at different levels；
36、 Targeted to train， improve and regulate athletes in order to enhance the winning capacity and technical level of athletes. 10References 1Ni Hong-Ying. Characteristics and Trend of Sanda Skill Application under the New Rules. Sports Sciences Researches，2006， （1）. 2Sun Zhuo-feng. Analysis of Applicat
37、ion Situation of the Common Routine Actions of Competitive Shanda. Journal of Beijing Sport University，2006， （8）. 3Mao Ai-hua； Liang Ya-dong. A Study on Boxing，the Leg Skills and Wrestling Used by Chinese Excellent Men Sanda Athletes and the Corresponding Countermeasures. Journal of Hubei Sports Sci
38、ence，2006， （4）. 4Zhang Wen-li； Zhu Run-qi. Situation of application of combo moves in Sanda group in competitive Wushu. Journal of Physical Education，2005， （5）. 5Wang Xiangquan. Research on Current Situation of Applying High Frequency Combined Movements in Sanda Competition in the 10th National Games. Journal of Chengdu Sport University，2006， （5）. 6LI Chun-mu. Application of male Sanshou players body contact wrestling at 11th Asian Games. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education，2010， （3）.
