1、1Study on the Dilemma and Transformation of the Foreign Trade Enterprises in Pearl River Delta under Abstract. In order to understand the current difficulties and transition of foreign trade enterprises in Pearl River Delta， this article makes interviews and questionnaire surveys of some representat
2、ive local enterprises， analyzes some problems that restrict the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade enterprises in Pearl River Delta from the perspective of value chain， and puts forward the countermeasures to promote foreign trade enterprise transformation and upgrading. Keywords： Value C
3、hain， Foreign Trade Enterprises， Transformation. 1. Introduction At present， in post crisis era， the external environment of foreign trade enterprises in Pearl River Delta is becoming increasingly serious， the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade enterprise have become a pressing matter of
4、the moment. Tofurther study the difficulties and transformation that foreign trade enterprises in Pearl River Delta are facing 2currently， our research group selected Jiangmen as the object of the investigation and analysis. Up to 2013， 1642enterprises have export performance. We made interviews and
5、 questionnaire surveys of 60 representative enterprises and recovered a total of 50 valid questionnaires. 2. The survey questionnaire There is a majoritysmall and medium enterprises of foreign trade enterprises in the Pearl River Delta， which can be divided into foreign trade companies and foreign t
6、rade factories， mainly concentrated in traditional industries that are labor-intensive， low technology content and with low product added value. Textile clothing， motorcycles， small appliances， stainless steel products， containers and shipbuilding industry are Jiangmens traditional export industries
7、. Our research group selected 60 representative enterprises，such as Jiangmen Foreign Trade Corporation and Jiangmen Fengtai Company，to conduct questionnaire surveys and interviews. For the recovery of 50 valid questionnaires， we classified and summarized the main difficulties and transformation of f
8、oreign trade enterprises， as shown in the following table. 3. The dilemma and transformation of foreign trade 3enterprises in the Pearl River Delta 3.1 Value chain development is not balanced Potter （Michael E. Porter， 1947-） ， an American professor in Harvard University Business School， pointed out
9、 in the book“international competitive advantage” in 1990that the value chain is a process from raw materials to finished products of the final users， all of which increase the value of the steps that are all organized in a series of activities. Inside and outside the enterprise value chain to value
10、 adding activities divided into basic activities and support activities， basic activities related to the production， sale， purchase， delivery logistics and customer service， support activities related to the personnel， financial， planning， research and development， procurement， etc. The basic activi
11、ties and support activities constitute a value chain， value activity of different enterprises to participate in. Not every link is to create value， in fact， only some certain value activities are to create value， and the real value creating activity is the “strategic link” in value chain （as shown i
12、n Fig. 1 below）. Although the survey businesses are of the view that insufficient external demand is one of the main difficulties faced by enterprises， but this is 4the external factors that we cannot change， from their own point of view， our foreign trade enterprises in Pearl River Delta in the low
13、 position in the international industrial chain， value chain， business chain， main not manufacturing itself， and the crux of the problem is is a R &； D， and manufacturing related to logistics and supply chain， marketing， financial and other production services link is seriously lagging behind， is
14、 to optimize the reorganization of the whole industry chain. The manufacturing industry in Jiangmen city has been from the production of clothing， textiles， plastic products， small appliances and other labor-intensive， low value-added products will become the production of printed circuit， auto part
15、s， ships， containers and other technology intensive products. However， the lack of creating high value products R &； D， marketing， logistics， customer service capacity of most enterprises， engaged in only the manufacturing work. Case 1： the shipbuilding industry. Jiangmen city in 2012 the export
16、amount of $94000000， but the foreign enterprises export production， by the Jiangmen municipal enterprises amounted to $170000000， the reason is the ship orders mainly come from the Guangzhou company， Guangzhou company has the 5channel advantage， control of the customer resources， sales， after sale s
17、ervice of high value-added sectors， will only need to work to create a large number of labor the long time span of， by the Jiangmen shipbuilding company to complete， the ship construction after the completion of the company name to Guangzhou exports， exports are not included in Jiangmen City Foreign
18、 Trade Statistics category. Case 2： Leather luggage industry. Jiangmen city in 2011 and China Light Industry Chamber of Commerce and the “China luggage leather goods export base“， Jiangmen City Leather luggage industry in scale than Guangzhou， Wenzhou and other places to be small， but a large part o
19、f exports of leather luggage has the advantages of novel design， high quality， therefore subject to such as Pierre Cardin， Samsonite， polo， American traveler world famous brand products favored， and do OEM for them. Jiangmen City Leather luggage enterprise knowledge of only the link of the value cha
20、in， and value added sectors of R &； D， higher sales， customer service service by holding companies master brand， product ex factory price of less than 20% of the price of the product terminal， product value 80% is generated in the R &； D， sales， logistics. Case 3： stainless steel tableware. Ji
21、angmen City stainless 6steel kitchenware， tableware and other household appliances exports accounted for about 1/4 of the same commodity exports， although Jiangmen city of stainless steel kitchenware， tableware and other household appliances to occupy a larger share of exports in the national scope，
22、 but the industry technology difference and no uniform industry standards， quality uneven， some good and some bad. High quality products due to high cost often can only be sold to Europe and the United States， in the low-end products are mostly sold in emerging markets in Europe and the United State
23、s outside the. Due to the low-end products in the entry threshold is not high， therefore， in the low-end products in order to more intense competition， facing overseas procurement inquiry， the small and medium-sized enterprise eagerly demand a low price， high quality commercial competition is not lo
24、w quality goods “bad money drives out good money“ phenomenon， the lower the overall industry profit at the same time， also not conducive to enhance the overall competitiveness of Jiangmen City stainless steel kitchenware industry. Thus， strong production capacity， channel advantages and weak is an i
25、mportant feature of the Jiangmen foreign trade and the Pearl River Deltas value chain. The development of the 7value chain link imbalance is the main factor that restricts the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade enterprises. 3.2 Value chain support platform is not perfect and systematic Up
26、grade cannot do without financial support， information services， research and innovation， human resources reserves， the port customs clearance system， the perfect platform support foreign trade enterprises in transition. Investigation shows， rising labor costs， raw material prices and the appreciati
27、on of the RMB is the main difficulties in the Pearl River Delta in small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises encounter， the labor costs are the main difficulties， wide social concerns trade friction problem is not the majority of research enterprise identity， only 24% of enterprises think thi
28、s is one of the main the difficulty of transformation and upgrading， the reason lies in the trade friction mainly concentrated in the paper， aluminum and other export industries， only the impact on the businesses involved in the larger. Human resources and social security aspects of the work should
29、be strengthened， on display in the research of enterprise development， manufacturing industry facing labor shortage problem， mostly in the 10 - 30%. On the other hand， 8the Jiangmen manufacturing production capacity of the industry as a whole is strong in design research and development capabilities
30、， large-scale foreign trade enterprises only according to their own strength set up R &； D institutions small， but small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises rely on imitation and production of products using the technology more widely， the city did not build public service platform for all
31、 enterprises paid use the. It should be noted that， research and innovation， human resources management platform supporting capability and value chain in the partial support activities overlap， balanced development platform supporting short board will restrict each link of the value chain. At the sa
32、me time， the government policy support for foreign trade enterprises expect is mainly embodied in the hope that the government can improve the functional departments work efficiency and the reform of tax system. Port customs clearance is not smooth also becomes one of the main problems for foreign t
33、rade enterprises. Foreign trade enterprises without facing port clearance goods， foreign trade enterprises are reflected in the Jiangmen port customs clearance environment is not smooth， dock work efficiency is low， sometimes enterprises had to container shipped to Zhongshan， 9Shenzhen to handle the
34、 relevant formalities， in the course of time， enterprises took all the merchandise export port of Zhongshan， Shenzhen and other more convenient customs clearance environment. 3.3 The current situation of industrial structure is difficult to meet the requirements of the rapid growth of foreign trade
35、From the analysis of the industrial structure factor， the Pearl River Delta the stock of foreign trade enterprises mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries and in the low-end industries， the majority of enterprises in international trade value chain of low-end position. The export volume of
36、 Jiangmen City high-tech products accounted for 8% of total exports， lower than the average level of about 30 percentage points， the lowest level for the Pearl River delta. The main export industries such as textiles and clothing， plastics， furniture， stainless steel kitchen products after ten years
37、 of development， although grew in size， but always in the manufacturing sectors in the low end of the value chain， most is the export processing， no independent brands and its own technology， the cost of labor and other factors of the rising cost of environment， loss of some orders to lower producti
38、on 10costs in China and Southeast Asia. Most of Jiangmens production of mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products belonging to the middle reaches of the industry， the grade is not high， and most of the processing and OEM production， in Europe and the United States under the impact of
39、 declining demand， electromechanical products and high-tech products production enterprises generally lack of orders. From the industry point of view， the rapid development of Jiangmen textile clothing， motorcycle， stainless steel kitchenware， small appliances and other industries has past since 201
40、3， the industrys export growth remained low， and even the emergence of secondary growth. Therefore， the current Jiangmen city industrial structure restricts the transformation and upgrade of Jiangmen foreign trade enterprises. 4. Strategies of transformation and upgrading of foreign trade enterprise
41、s in the Pearl River Delta 4.1 Play a role in policy oriented， establish the confidence of enterprise upgrading transformation Upgrade cannot do without active intervention policy transformation of foreign trade enterprises. In the transformation and upgrading of the path choice of the path selection， most foreign trade enterprises in the Pearl River
