1、1The Eco-socialism in the Perspective of Ecological MarxismAbstract. In the face of the current severe ecological crisis,Ecological Marxist thought in order to fundamentally solve the problem of ecological crisis,we must be start with the“global perspective“and the“local perspective“,to overthrow th
2、e origin of ecological crisis - the capitalist system and global capital rights relationship,only in adhere to the socialist system of Marxist theory can realize in the true sense of ecological civilization.For China,the construction of the ecological civilization of socialism with Chinese character
3、istics has unique soil and social environment. Key words: Ecological Marxism; The Socialist Ecological Civilization; The Capitalism Ecological Civilization; Anthropocentrism. INTRODUCTION Realize the object of building up the well-off society in all-round way in the report of the Seventeenth Party C
4、ongress firstly put forward:“Build ecological civilization, basically forming energy conservation and protect ecological environment 2of the industrial structure,growth method and consume mode.The concept of ecological civilization is firmly established in the whole of society.“Ecological civilizati
5、on as a new vocabulary in the partys report,has aroused wide concern,which marking build ecological civilization under the socialist system set sail,start a new journey.How to understand the ecological civilization and build socialistic ecological civilization?The author thinks,only from the perspec
6、tive of Ecological Marxism to dialysis the connotation and essence of the capitalistic ecological civilization and the connotation and essence of the socialistic ecological civilization,to better serve the practice of build Chinas ecological civilization. I Ecological Marxism started in twentieth Ce
7、ntury sixty or seventy in China,combined Ecology with Marxist.Generally speaking, most scholars believe that the core content of Ecological Marxism theory is the system of criticism, the technology criticism and consumption criticism for the two wings,and finally build eco-socialism political ideal.
8、They think Ecological Marxism Criticism Concerning capitalism production mode,and reveals the internal relations of 3capitalism production mode and ecological crisis,the root of ecological problems have deep into the deep level of the system are very profound.Wang Yuchen believes that Ecological Mar
9、xism theory for the value and significance of the ecological civilization theory research in china should be based on historical materialism theory,the realization of environmental justice as the value principle of ecological civilization theory,safeguard Chinas environmental right and development r
10、ight,promote Chinas economic and social sustainable development. Ecological Marxism theorist put forward“capitalism system is anti-ecological in essence” proposition,in fact,it asserted that the impossibility of build ecological civilization Under the system of capitalism and its ways of production.
11、Ecological Marxism believes that build ecological civilization under the capitalist system is not possible can be sum up to three reasons.First of all,the inherent contradiction between the basic power of capitalist production and ecology will inevitably lead to the rupture of the capitalist product
12、ion conditions,the appearance of the ecological crisis is inevitable.In their view,the purpose of capitalism production is served capital pursues profit, which determines that capitalist system is impossible to get rid of 4the ideology of worship the capital.The short-sighted behavior of put economi
13、c growth and profit in first place,the consequences are serious,because this will make the survival of the whole world have become a problem,it will be inevitably lead to deterioration of the relationship between man and nature.Secondly,the similar run mode between the capitalist mode of production
14、and capital with ecological civilization is to draw further apart.The essence of capital pursues profit,on the one hand, it decides the capitalist production system have an expanding trend,on the other hand, “According toMarxism, the existence and development of any economy society form need nature
15、as the natural basis.” 1It must aggravate the competition between the enterprises,the capitalist production have been concentrated and continued to the trend of mass production,there is the conflict between the limitation of ecological environment and the periodicity of recovery itself. the capital
16、in order to avoid risks, tend to short-term investment in order to achieve the fastest return,”In industrial countries today,human consumption and use often cause more pollution than actual manufacturing does.”2At the same time,it is contradiction conflict with the environmental protection needs lon
17、g time planning ,therefore, under the 5system of capitalism could not construct ecological civilization.Third,the contradiction between production and consumption in capitalist system,in order to more and faster access to benefit,promote the development of production, they always want to be in the w
18、hole society advocating consumerism way of life,let people take the experience of happiness and freedom into the consumption activity,satisfy people the possession and consumption of goods as the only way will be lead to material desires of the whole social life way of life and high production and h
19、igh consumption of living style,so as to increase the cost of natural resources.People improving the means of control nature to meet the pleasure of material needs,but ignored the natural tolerance and periodicity, eventually will inevitably lead to contradictory intensification between human and na
20、ture,it is reflected in the ecological crisis. Now that the construction of ecological civilization is impossible in capitalist system,why should the ecological environment of capitalist countries do is better than the ecological environment of socialist countries?For this,Ecological Marxism theoris
21、t points out this is because the enterprise is difficult to maintain its production in the condition of the grave environment situation, the essence of 6capital pursues profit makes it have to pay attention to the ecological governance , while increase investment in ecological management is not comp
22、ly with the principles of ecology and protect the ecological environment as the goal,its essence is to serve capital pursues profit,this means that it just shift the ecological crisis onto consumers or developing countries,it is impossible to control fundamentally ecological crisis. Based on this,Ec
23、ological Marxism claims that it is impossible to the real construction of ecological civilization in the capitalist system and mode of production,ecological civilization construction in capitalist society is just to cover up the essence of capital pursues profit.Only transform capitalism system can
24、have a real sense of ecological civilization in socialist society. II Historical materialism is the theoretical basis of socialistic ecological civilization, how to realize“environmental justice“is the core of socialist ecological civilization,“people-oriented“ and establish the animal diversity eth
25、ics is the value of socialist ecological civilization,it is a basic view of Ecological Marxism,at the same time,an outlook relatively complete on ecological 7civilization have been proposed. Ecological Marxism advocates historical materialism to solve the contemporary ecological crisis has important
26、 theoretical significance and practical value.In their view,the biggest advantage of historical materialism is adhere to the dialectical unification of history and view of nature.Historical materialism, adhere to analysis historically the origin causes of ecological crisis and its solutions,emphasiz
27、e people will be create a healthy ecological society when the material life of people get guarantee.Due to historical materialism always adhere to the historical analysis and class analysis, Ecological Marxism applying it on analyzes the root causes of ecological crisis,points out that capitalist sy
28、stem and its global power relations is the fundamental cause of ecological crisis,since the enlightenment,modernity value system combined with capital further strengthen the ecological crisis. In their view,there are two fundamental differences in capitalist society and socialist society.Capitalist
29、society the purpose of production is not produced for the use value of commodity and meet the basic needs of people,but the production of commodity exchange value and for profit,therefore,purpose of capitalist production is 8“unjust“.The first difference is the production purpose. Socialist society
30、production purpose is producting the use value of commodity to meet peoples basic needs and achieve the “productive justice“.The former will lead to the infinite pursuit of possession and consumption of goods,because in capitalist society, consumption has become a sign of success.The latter emphasiz
31、es labor process and labor products make the negative foreign object minimization, make positive foreign object maximization,for example,if a company is committed to the community construction, the work of self development possibility, the rejection of toxic waste, then the production of justice wil
32、l have a favorable attitude toward it.“ If the realization of “environmental justice“ is the core of the socialist ecological civilization, then “people-oriented“ and the establishment of animal diversity in ethics is the ecological values of socialist ecological civilization.“People-oriented“ has t
33、wo meanings.First,Ecological Marxism against the value of ecological centralism,it definitely proposed anthropocentrism value.In their view, Marxism is based on the social relations to look at nature, in addition to the need of human, it dont 9think there is a so-called natural needs.Therefore,when
34、the conflict of interest between human beings and nature,Marxism is always stressed the need of human is better than natural needs.But the Ecological Marxism advocated anthropocentrism has its special connotation,it advocates is a long-term anthropocentrism,rather than short-term individualism. The
35、anthropocentrism pursuit a universal human welfare,committed to achieving sustainable development.Second,“people-oriented“ of socialist ecological civilization refers to the socialist production purpose is not establish on the basis of meet the demand of capital pursues profit, but in order to meet
36、the basic needs of people, especially to meet the basic needs of the poor as its purpose,it is follow the harmonious development of ecology and its ecological rationality.Therefore,socialist ecological civilization is not to exclude technical and economic growth,neither want people to return to the
37、hinterland of life state and early humans of the original state,but want to change the commodity possession and crazy consumption in capitalist society as the only satisfy method,people advocate should use the achievements of industrialization and technology realize the freedom to choose suitable fo
38、r their way of life to provide a more colorful life environment,furthermore,we seek 10satisfaction and experience the happiness in creative production activities to realize the harmonious development of man and nature. Ecological Marxism stressed that the socialist ecological civilization not only a
39、dhere to the “people-oriented“anthropo centrism values,but also it requires break through the basis of the capitals the narrow anthropocentrism values,handle correctly the relationship between human being and biosphere,the key is to establish the diversity of animal ethics.Establish the purpose of t
40、he diversity of animal ethics is handle correctly the relationship between human being and biosphere, the core is beyond the narrow anthropocentrism values in the process of human technological innovation and technology utilization,on the basis of the enlightened human interests,understand the organ
41、ic connection between human beings and biosphere,respect the nature of the natural,maintain the reverence for nature,realize the common development of human and non human nature. III “Ecological Marxism inherits western Marxism，especially critical spirit of Frankfurt School，complements and develops Marxism with ecological theory，unleashes ecological value，necessity value and consumption value of Marxism.” 2
