1、1Userfriendly Design of the Home Care Residential Outdoors Space MaterialAbstract. Home care residential outdoor space material design should understand the elderly features and outdoor environment needs the premise， providing comfortable outdoor equipment for older and exploring the old-age home ty
2、pe from the rest interaction space， space， detail， etc. residential outdoor space materials humanized design. Key words： Home Care Residential； Outdoor Space Materials； Humanized Design Introduction Currently， population aging is an inevitable process of demographic transition of human society. The
3、data show that the vast majority of Chinas elderly chooses the old-age home. Age home “to the elderly people living at home， and pension services provided by the social pension， is widely considered to be in line with the national conditions of Chinas new pension model. With the proposed old-age hom
4、e， residential home care also puts forward higher requirements. The new residential To meet the demand for an old-age 2home， in addition to common residential should be designed according to the different stages of development of the human， humane residential outdoor space should be considered. Resi
5、dents should also be based on the persons future development and changes， consider the characteristics of the different age elderly and changes in the demand for outdoor environment， adjust and transform their living space and outdoor space design， provide safety and comfort to the elderly age home
6、environment. Characteristics of the Elderly and the Outdoor Environment Needs Generally speaking， men over the age of 65， women over the age of 60， will begin a physiological phenomenon of aging， physiological aging of the elderly will have the important effect on their life needs and behavioral cha
7、racteristics. Put forward higher requirements for the elderly in various parts of the bodys physiological degradation of their outdoor living environment. Physiological characteristics of the elderly and the outdoor environment need （1） Feeling functional decline Human feeling functions including he
8、aring， vision， 3touch， smell， taste. Into the middle-aged， auditory recession triggered not hear or not hear， eyes decreased ability to regulate presbyopia， touch， smell， taste， and features such as degradation， etc.， are the body of a physiological phenomenon. Feel functional decline will affect th
9、e elderly misjudgment on the surrounding environment， for example， difficult to hear the sound， you cannot communicate with people； difficult to distinguish small objects； insensitive to temperature changes and so on. Residential home care for older people feel the characteristics of functional decl
10、ine outdoor space environment should be user-friendly design and to improve it. For example： the outdoor public spaces decentralized， the formation of the outdoor space courtyard nearby activities for the elderly； reasonable arrangement of the light source in the outdoors walking space， increased ni
11、ght lighting to improve the outdoor illumination； increase the signs， text， graphics， enhance color contrast for easy identification； outdoors height difference of the area， increase lighting or reminder device， to ensure the safe passage of the elderly. （2） The recession of the nervous system The h
12、uman nervous system recession will bring a series of 4changes in mood and psychiatric symptoms， such as memory loss， cognitive decline， and even the elderly mentally retarded. The survey shows that older people are more inclined to live in their own familiar environment， reduced their sense of secur
13、ity and self-confidence， the ability to adapt to the new environment is weak on the incident reflects slower. Recession problems of the nervous system of the elderly， in the design of the transformation of the old-age home residential outdoor space environment， elderly centers， from the fundamental
14、solution to the existing problems of the outdoor space. Example： Plaza Parkway should avoid too tortuous and complex design roads avoid identifications difficult； entrance design for the convenience of the elderly the identical position， to avoid monotony， or the identification code such as position
15、 grades， parking guidelines for licensing safe evacuation signs. （3） Movement system recession Elderly motor neuron degeneration， skeletal aging and other reasons， the motion system slowly receded showed limb flexibility， strength decreased， and susceptible to fractures. Elderly weakened for the sel
16、f-control of the limb， the action gradually slow， unresponsive， easy fatigue， not strenuous 5exercise or excessive weight. Symptoms of a recession for the motion system of the elderly to do outdoor space designed for residential home care， barrier-free design. For example： non-slip handle good groun
17、d， and try to avoid the height difference； necessary seat set in the outdoor seating space， install handrails and other major parts to ensure the safety of the elderly； furnishing building form， scale， location， etc. comprehensive consideration， in order to facilitate the use of the elderly. Psychol
18、ogical characteristics of the elderly and outdoor environment needs （1） Security Due to aging， degradation of the physiological function of the elderly， the ability to adapt to the living environment gradually reduced， more sensitive to the living environment of insecurity， psychological sense of se
19、curity gradually declines. We should strengthen the barrier-free design， a reasonable choice such as color and texture， and the outdoor space environment provides a sense of security for the elderly. Set back against the seat of buildings， walls， and plants. To design pedestrian landscape with small
20、-scale space to create a strong affinity to cancel the ground elevation to allow older 6people to have a sense of security. The outdoor space environment should be arranged semi-public， semi-private transition space， such as the combination of the construction of semi-enclosed courtyard， to meet the
21、 needs of the elderly. （2） Comfort Life of older persons around residential commenced， psychologically sensitive to changes in the environment， the higher comfort requirements of residential indoor and outdoor space. Residential indoor space Shangqie by secondary design to improve the outdoor space
22、you need to more carefully humanized design， such as the rich landscape of the courtyard， appropriate greening configuration， pleasant interaction space， and so on. We should provide a sunny， fresh air， quiet environment， lush vegetation， and home care residential outdoor space to create a comfortab
23、le environment for the elderly to live. （3） A sense of belonging Increasing number due to changes in the structure of the family， the elderly people living alone， the elderly often a sense of loneliness. The fear of loneliness of the elderly， often want to integrate into society groups， social recog
24、nition， to get a sense of belonging. In order to 7facilitate communication and exchange among the elderly should be set in outdoor spaces suitable for elderly exchanges for like dancing， singing， playing cards， and boxing group activities. Such as a set of three-dimensional multi-level communication
25、 space， participate in different activities of the elderly have their own groups of small space at the same time and can see other group activities， both space exchanges and interfere with each other， to meet the needs of different groups need a variety of activities. Behavioral characteristics of t
26、he elderly and outdoor environments demand （1） The commonness and individuality In everyday life， the lives of the elderly are often the commonness and individuality coexists. Engaged in activities such as the likes is common， there are also requirements for outdoor space universality. As the charac
27、ter， habits， cultural level， and also presents personalized features. Well， you asked us to humanity as a starting point， changing the design outdoor space. Such as setting a small number of mobile suits， according to the individual needs of any placement to meet the needs of individual rest. （2） Pu
28、blic and private Both the public gatherings， the outdoor activities of the 8elderly also need to meet the privacy requirements. In order to ensure the health of the elderly， often encourage them to participate in public activities， such as singing and dancing in the square， play chess and card， etc.
29、 Elderly through participation in activities interact with one another， take care of each other， and enhance contact with the community. Of course， when they need to chat to talk minds in building a corner of a closed space for the use of， or just a few enclosed stone bench， or just a lush trees. Th
30、e User-friendly Design of Home Care Residential Outdoor Space Rest and communication space design. Based on the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly， most of the elderly are like a quiet， comfortable， private outdoor seating space. Elderly outdoor activities， needs and pref
31、erences outdoor space requirements of the elderly should be targeted at different age comprehensive design， offers a variety of outdoor spaces for the elderly rest and exchanges. Room for the rest of the home care residential outdoor environment should have the following characteristics： （1） Comfort
32、 The outdoor space activities and facilities should be 9diverse； there is a choice for the elderly. Pay attention to comfort， its location should be able to get plenty of sun and tree-lined outdoor seating space， which is essential for the elderly. Plant tall trees， such as in the construction icebe
33、rg movable tables and chairs set with shade umbrella combined promenade sketch architectural planting climbing plants， so that the elderly can adjust the seat according to the different time periods in the winter in order to get more sunshine， the Grands the effect obtained in the summer while reduc
34、ing the sunshine glare （Figure 1）. Fig.1. Activity tables and chairs with umbrellas （2） Privacy The strong privacy outdoor seating space gives a sense of security establishments， such as outdoor space enclosed by the L-shaped building， both cordial conversations with friends， but also to see the act
35、ivities of other staff. Suitable for both hidden and exchanges， and to adapt to the changes of spatial scales， both large open space， do not rule out a small corner. Site selection should take into account the characteristics of older people are sensitive to temperature changes， setting screens， gri
36、lles， partitions in place to alleviate drafts or downdraught can flexibly use different time 10periods in different seasons， so that it will not become space furnishings. （3） Ornamental Outdoor activities for the elderly should first natural close. The natural landscape of the outdoor space is extre
37、mely important， and the choice of plant varieties and the mix of high and low level should be considered more of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly. The elderly should feel the joys of life， enjoy my family， young people and childrens activity area can be introduced t
38、o their field of vision， while quiet distraction loneliness and loneliness. For example， by Bock landscape design in Xiangfan， Hubei Province， Thai hops the Chaoyang project （Figure 2）. The project is designed to house a green landscape movement with， for elderly fitness， leisure， outdoor activities
39、， children playing， playing. Enclosed or semi-enclosed green belt， the movement of transparent or semi-transparent green areas for recreation provides the elderly with a nearby outdoor activities platform. The design projects effective use of the site of the original large trees， Big Joes house replanting large trees or tree array， and configuration of various
