1、颅内高压患者血压多少合适,主题ICU常见的颅内高压症,脑外伤(TBI),颅高压症,中风,脑出血(ICH)脑梗塞(ischemic )自发蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH),共同的特点:多存在高血压继发性损害:出血加重和脑水肿,概述,脑灌注压(CPP)与脑血流(CBF)的关系(实验),概述,脑血流的自主调节功能(Cerebral Autoregulation),CPP、MAB与脑血流的关系,CPP:60130mmHg,概述,继发性损伤问题(Secondary brain damage),CBV,CPP ,ICP ,Hypertension,Brain edema,Edema and hematoma,Pr
2、imary injury,CBF ,Lower BP,CPP = MAP ICP,hematoma ,Ischemia,概述,继发性损伤问题(Secondary brain damage),如何降低ICP的基础上,保持合适的CCP和血压,以减少继发性损伤?,Hypertension,Lower BP,CPP = MAP ICP,CPP,Hypotension,概述,ICP与TBI预后,Balestreri, etal. Neurocrit. Care 2006;04:813,重症脑外伤,CPP与TBI预后,Balestreri, etal. Neurocrit. Care 2006;04:81
3、3,重症脑外伤,恰当的CPP,重症脑外伤,Steiner,etal. CCM.2002,血压控制现在观点:,重症脑外伤,脑灌注压阈值:CPP 60mmHg(2001-2005)Lund:50mmHg(2003)但避免:CPP50mmHg维持 ICP 20 mm Hg,MAP = CPP + ICP (20/50)70mmHgMAP120mmHg,Brain Trauma Foundation. J Neurotrauma 2007;24(5):S59,脑出血(ICH)急性期血压控制,目的:减少24h内继续出血降低血肿周围72h的水肿(perihematomal edema)什么时候降压、血压控
4、制到多少合适?争论最大,而持续!,Broderick et al: Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1999; 30:905915Robinson TG, Potter JF. Blood pressure after stroke.
5、Age Ageing 2004; 33: 612.,脑出血,ICH指南演变,Stroke. 1999;30:905-915,Stroke. 2007;38:2001-2023, Stroke. 2010;41:2108-2129,脑出血,脑出血,结论:ICH患者快速降低MBP显著增加死亡率。提出MBP在150mmHg以下,并非必须积极降压.,105例ICH患者24小时降压回顾性风险分析:(平均 MBP:140mmHg) 死亡组:MAP降幅 64.8/2.7mmHg; 生存组:MAP降幅28.8/1.2 mm Hg。,Qureshi AI, etal. Rate of 24-hour blood
6、 pressure decline and mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis with a random effects regression model. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:480,平均动脉压的演变,SBP和DBP的演变,Qureshi AI, etal. A prospective multicenter study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of aggressive antihyper
7、tensive treatment in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. J Intensive Care Med. 2005;20:3442.,target :160/90 mm Hg,24小时内使维持BP在160/90mmHg,可减少7%的继发出血量和9%的脑水肿。该研究奠定了目标血压控制在160/90mmHg.,脑出血,强化控压对ICH的预后评估,脑出血,2008Craig等发表强化降压治疗(即在发作6小时内控制SBP 140 mmHg)安全研究。,目的:评估ICH患者早期6h不同降压水平对出血量和预后的影响:分组:强化组(n=
8、203):目标SBP 140 mmHg 指南组(n=201):目标SBP 180 mmHg),强化控压对ICH的预后评估,结论:早期强化降压视乎是安全可行的,但对预后无影响,Anderson CS, etal. the INTERACT investigators. Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction In Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilottrial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:391,脑出血,不同降压水平ICH的定量影响,再评价出血和水肿强化组(n
9、=151)指南组(n=145),早期强化降压能够减少24h和72h (P=0.02)的出血量,但对血肿周围水肿均无影响。,Craig S.etal.Effects of Early Intensive Blood Pressure-Lowering Treatment on the Growth of Hematoma and Perihematomal Edema in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTER
10、ACT). Stroke. 2010;41:307-312,脑出血,分层降压对ICH预后的影响:,Antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage.Crit Care Med 2010:38(2);637,脑出血,分层降压对ICH预后的影响:,结论:分层控制SBP在神经损害和严重事件方面较预期(130考虑 控制血压. 目标BP: 160/90 mmHg, MBP110mmHg 维持 CPP : 60 - 70 mm Hg 脑梗塞: 谨慎降压,当血压高于220/120mmHg 时考虑降压,目标BP:140-180/90- 100mmHg。原发性蛛网膜下腔出血:积极降压, 目标BP:150/100mmHg。,谢谢!,