1、初中动词时态总结与复习动词时态即是中考考察的重点，也是中学生学习的难点。通过平时的教学和对中考动词应用题型的分析，归纳了常用的几种时态，以供广大同仁参考。 一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1) 一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词 usually, often, always, sometimes, regularly, near, occasionally, every year, every week 等连用。例如： 1) The moon moves round the earth. 2) Mr. Smith travels to work
2、by bus every day. (2)在由 after, until, before, once, when, even if, in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment 以及 if, unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：1) I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2) I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的
3、动作，这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。例如： 1) The plane leaves at three sharp. 2) The new teachers arrive tomorrow. 2、一般过去时 (1) 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2) 表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1) He always w
4、ent to class last. 2) I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与 be used to doing 短语的区别) 3、一般将来时 (1) 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. (2) 几种替代形式： 1) be going to +v 在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2) be to +v 表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意
5、义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3) be about to +v 表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 二、进行时态 1、现在进行时 (1) 表示现在正在进行的动作，常与 now, right now, at the mother, for the time being, for the present 等连用。例如： Dont disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2) 表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与 always, continually, for
6、ever, constantly 等连用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3) 表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return 等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4) 有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, no
7、tice, look, appear (表示感觉的词)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive (表示感情的动词)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain (表示存在状态的动词)；have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of, form (表示占有与从属的动词)；understand, know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember (表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例
8、如： 1) Tom looks pale. Whats wrong with him? (look 在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”) 2) Tom is looking for his books. (look 在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”) 2、过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与 always, continually, constantly 等动词连用。 例如： 1) We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2) Whenever I
9、 visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3、将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1) This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2) What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为： 1、现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动
10、作(常与 yet, already, just 连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与 for, since 连用)。例如： 1) I have just finished my homework. 2) Mary has been ill for three days. (2) 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有： since, for, during, over 等引导出的短语；副词 already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently 等；状语词组 this week (morning, month, y
11、ear), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present 等。例如：1) I havent been there for five years. 2) So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3) There have been a lot of changes since 1978. 2、过去完成时 (1) 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用 by，before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1) We
12、had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2) By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2) 动词 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire 等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而
13、未做的事”的表达方式是： 1) was / were + to have done sth, 例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2) intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3) 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1) hardly, scarcely
14、, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2) by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. 3、将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +
15、表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after 等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1) By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2) I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 3) When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4、完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进
16、行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 (1) 现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. (2) 过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3) 将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
