1、out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Thi
2、rd, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do “four“, that is, find the problem faster, editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to i
3、mplement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of publicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit infor
4、mation to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, newspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and
5、skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry o
6、ut inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the peoples livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the pr
7、oblem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is to hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervi
8、sion, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervising departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized s
9、trictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Committee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the
10、 Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things not Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. T
11、hird is to solve the problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve thefeelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, set up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement
12、 the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory role of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist
13、 on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate every aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized manage
14、ment to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number of messages, compress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling eff
15、iciency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handling regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications management to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to im
16、prove the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Committee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the
17、meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. To vigorously streamline meetings, activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and entertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, recepti
18、on services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, reception services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthening the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, m
19、ore human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care more humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Co
20、nfidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidentiality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors of security management, to advance privacy management standardizati
21、on, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and security enforcement, ensure the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology development第一章1、如何理解“last mile”和“first mile”答：接入网技术的发展却相对滞后,而长期被人们视为“最后一英里 “(Last
22、 Mile)或“ 第一英里“(First Mile)“最后一英里(Last-mile)”是指从光节点到每个用户家庭之间不大于 2 公里的距离，“ 第一英里“指的是用户端到电信运营商局端设备的这一段连接，这段连接从使用者的角度是最先一英里。2、从提出接入网概念到标准发布，接入网经历怎样的发展历程（P3）答：1975 年，英国电信营运商 BT 在 CCITT（国际电报电话咨询会）第一次研讨会上首次提出接入网组网概念。1976 到 1977 年在 Manchester，Scotland and London 地区进行组网的可行性试验和推广应用。、1978 年，CCITT 第二次研讨会正式肯定这种组网
23、方式，命名为“接入网组网”技术，并编入“电信网技术” 。1979 年，CCITT 以 RSC（远端用户集线器）命名者类设备并进行框架性描述，接入网正式诞生。80 年代后期，ITU-T 国际电联-电信标准部）制定了 V1V5 系列窄带接口标准。90 年代初，ITU-T 制定 VB5 系列建议宽带接口标准和接入网总体标准 G.902。90 年代中后期，在 Internet 冲击下，产生 NII 和 GII 概念。2000 年 IP 接入网总体标准 Y.1231 诞生。当前，ADSL ，cable,modem 和以太网接入技术生等新兴技术盛行。第二章3.对于 G.902 标准，请回答以下问题：（1
24、）是基于何种网络的接入网标准？ 电信网络（2 ）结构怎么样？接口名称及接口的功能有哪些？（3 ）有哪些功能？有哪些特点？（4 ） UNI 与 SN 之间是何种关系？ UNI 与 SN 的关联是静态的；（5 ）核心网与业务之间是怎样的关系？（6 ）如何评价 G.902 建议？4.对于 Y.1231 标准，请回答以下问题：（1 ）是基于何种网络的接入网标准？ IP 网络（2 ）结构怎么样？接口名称及接口的功能有哪些？（3 ）有哪些功能？有哪些特点？（4 ） IP 使用者与 IP 服务提供者之间是何种关系？（5 ） IP 接入网、IP 核心网和 IP 服务提供者三者之间是何种关系？这种关系对接入网的
25、发展有何影响？5 Y.1231 与 G.902 建议相比有哪些优势（P17 ）答：IP 接入网包含有交换功能和 IP 接入控制功能。out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang publis
26、hed, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the submission of information to do “four“, that is, find the problem faster,
27、editorial writing, send and read faster approval and feedback to implement quickly. To be true and accurate. True mainly reflect the full picture of events, one is one, two, this is the life of the information. Accuracy is primarily qualitative and quantitative questions, quantitative objective of p
28、ublicQualitative logic. To be reliable and useful. We submit information to have access to decision-making, to guide and promote the work and solve practical problems. Mixed cum. On the negative information and emergency information, rapid escalation in strict accordance with the procedures, firm, n
29、ewspaper, newspapers, never late, fail to report, false claim and skimming. Investee 2. supervision and insist on, around and protecting their interests to touch the truth, seek practical results. Adhere to people-oriented, the most important thing is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamenta
30、l interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We carry out inspection, so must go deep among the masses, go deep into the realities, always pay attention to the peoples livelihood, to grasp the public sentiment, and earnestly safeguard the benefit, addressing the masses are most concerned
31、about and reflecting the strongest issues, efforts to solve the problem of decisions implemented and not implemented. One is to stick to principles. Right of inspection is one of the most important powers of the Office, should not only dare to use, but also with caution. So-called dared to use, is t
32、o hold a number of important issues, bold supervision over supervision, track inspection, problems are not solved do not pass, the blame does not hold did not miss, dissatisfaction of the masses did not miss, the real right of supervision authority, with the benefits. Call with caution, is supervisi
33、ng departments should strengthen the consciousness of authorized strictly according to procedure, preventing the supervision and excessive to prevent adding burden to grass-roots. To this end, the supervision Department of the Party Committee of supervision must be under city and County party Commit
34、tee Secretary-General (Office). Second, we should focus on. Is the Governor, those related to the globalEvent, Governor the protracted difficult, strong Governor during emergency urgent. Not having special departments in charge of the General Governor, under the normal procedure can do good things n
35、ot Governor, not authorized by County leaders, not the Governor. Third is to solve the problem. The purpose of supervision, to resolve the problem. To adhere to and further improve thefeelings survey, by looking up public sentiments to find problems. Problems will increase its special supervision, s
36、et up accounts, hold on to it. We should conscientiously implement the leading contracting matters, secured, had an answer to everything, then settles rate of 100%. Have an impact on some of the outstanding issues, supervision departments and information components together, play the supervisory rol
37、e of the news media to promote problem solving. Investee 3. insist on a daily run, around the practice of truth catching efficiency, focus specification. To give full play to the party Office around connecting, coordinating internal and external features, contact, rally at all levels, to motivate ev
38、ery aspect, adhere to the truth, strengthening standardized management to achieve coherent, efficient and effective functioning of the daily work of the Party Committee. Is processing messages should strive to streamline, standardize and quality. Streamlining is to control the number of messages, co
39、mpress messages, reducing procedures, improve message handling efficiency. Specifications, is to strictly enforce the ban issued by the Communist party authorities in document handling regulations and provincial and municipal regulations, conscientiously strengthen and improve communications managem
40、ent to ensure that party documents orderly. High quality, is to improve the quality of message processing, it is necessary to accurately implementing the intention of the Party Committee, clearance, good communications, policy program closed, ensuring that there is no error. Second meeting scheduled
41、 to ensure thorough, safe and efficient. Any arrangements for the meetings and events, carefully arranged, item-by-item interface implemented, sure. To vigorously streamline meetings, activities, number of pressure reduction, scale to ensure that leadership emerged from the General Conference and en
42、tertainment services, focus on big things, matters. Third, reception services should lay stress on humane, personal, cultural and human. Reception and work directly with people, reception services directly affecting the Office of party Committee The image of the region. At the same time strengthenin
43、g the construction of library, improve the reception conditions, more human-oriented, personal, cultural work into the reception, a little more human needs, a little more human care more humane atmosphere, and constantly improve the service, improve the quality of service. Meanwhile, to further pay
44、special attention to the daily work of the other Office System. Confidential work responsibility system for leading cadres to implement security as a leader, to improve the confidentiality of classified personnel, especially leading cadres, strengthening party and Government focus on vital sectors o
45、f security management, to advance privacy management standardization, modernization of security techniques as a means of administration according to law and security enforcement, ensure the safety of the party and State secrets. Confidential work to meet the demands of new technology developmentIP 接
46、入网提供传送功能，可以独立于业务，从而使接入网的传送、业务、控制三者相对独立，符合现代电信网络的封装趋势。IP 接入网每种接口有多种业务，给用户动态选择 ISP 的权利。IP 接入网实现了接入网和核心网的分离。第三章6.IEEE 802.3ah 是一个什么样的标准？规定以太接入网相关技术的标准7 IEEE802.3ah 标准规定了哪几种物理接口，各自的特点（P31）答：单模光纤 P2P 模式：运行在电信营运商的点到点接入光纤上，数据传输速率可为 100Mb/s 或 1Gb/s，传输距离要大于 10km。单模光纤 P2MP 模式：运行在电信运营商的点到多点接入光纤上，数据传输速率为 1Gb/s，
47、传输距离可达 10km 或 20km。市话铜缆模式：运行在电信运营商的市话接入铜缆上，数据传输速率为 2Mb/s，传输距离小于 2.7km。驻地网铜缆模式：运行在驻地网运营商的接入铜缆上，数据传输速率为 10Mb/s，传输距离为 750m，可以数话同传。第四章8光接入网的组成和结构是怎样的，各部分的功能有哪些（P41 图 4-3）答：光接入网一般是一个点到多点的结构，包括光线路终端（OLT） 、光分配网（ODN） 、光网单元（ONU）和适配功能（AF ） 。OLT：面向网络侧为 OAN 提供与中心局设备的接口，完成光电交换，同时提供 ODN 的光接口。ODN：位于 OLT 和 ONU 之间，提
48、供光传输技术。ONU：在用户侧提供用户到接入网的接口，完成光电交换，同时连接 ODN。AF：为 ONU 和用户设备提供适配功能。9 APON、GPON 及 EPON 的结构及特点各自是怎样的，比较三者异同点？APON 特点： 、以 ATM 技术为基础。、标准化程度高，使得大规模生产和降低成本为可能。、物理层采用 PON 技术，链路层采用 ATM 技术。GPON 特点：更高效，高速，提供从 622.080Mb/s 到 2.4Gb/s 的可升级的框架结构，支持上下行不对称速率。EPON 特点：在与 APON 类似的结构和 G.983 的基础上，物理层仍采用现成的 PON 技术链路层以太帧代替 AT
49、M 帧，构成一个可提供更大带宽，更低成本和更宽业务能力的新的集合体。第五章10.ADSL 接入的组成与结构是怎样的？各部分的功能是什么？答：ADSLAM:ADSL 接入复用器；ATU-C：ADSL 局端传输单元；out city created, and care masses life, focus work, in-depth investigation, more out boutique masterpiece, makes we of research results more to into led of decision vision, more to in national some has effect of newspaper Shang published, for advance work, and publicity changde play due of role. Third, information submitted to be pragmatic. Quick and timely. The ancients said: for the time system; statement back for the time being, nothing. Therefore, the s
