1、第 1 页广东省湛江市 2012 届普通高考测试（一）英 语 试 题本试卷共三大题，满分 135 分。答卷时间为 120 分钟。注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B 铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处” 。2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后
2、再写上新的答案：不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节：完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 1-15 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of modern, solar-paneled masterpieces that make
3、the covers of architecture magazinesBut the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be incredibly 1 to tear them all down and 2 them with greener versionsAn enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those housesAnd it would take an average of 65 years fo
4、r the 3 carbon emissions （排放） from a（an ）_ _4_energy-efficient（节能）home to make up for the 5 lost by destroying an old oneSo in the broadest sense, the greenest home is the one that has already been builtBut at the same time, 6 half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and powering our 7
5、 offices and other buildings“You cant deal with climate 8 without dealing with existing buildings,“ says Richard Moe, the president of the National TrustWith some exceptions, the oldest homes tend to be the 9 energy-efficientHouses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than tho
6、se built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 10 over time and let in more outside 11 .12 ,there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from 13 ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar homeAnd efficiency upgrades（升级）can save more than just
7、 the earth; they can help 14 property owners from rising power 15 .1 Aterrible Bwasteful Cwonderful Duseful第 2 页2 Aput Bbuild Creplace Dtake3 Areduced Bincreased Cused Ddestroyed4 Aold Bfashionable Cnew Dbeautiful5 Amagazines Btrees Cmaterials Dresources6 Anearly Bhardly Crarely Dmostly7 Alibraries
8、Bschools Chomes Dstores8 Aimprovement Bappearance Cstability Dchange9 Amost Breally Cvery Dleast10 Aexpand Bnarrow Cstrengthen Dweaken11 Adust Bair CsmokeDwater12 AOppositely BUnfortunately CFortunately DFrankly13 Ahistoric Bworthless Cordinary Dmeaningless14 Acharge Bprotect Cpunish Dwarn15 Aprices
9、 Bcosts Cbusinesses Dbargains第二节：语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 15 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 16-25 的相应位置上。Each story is differentSome are detailed; others are unclearSome have a beginning, middle and end; 16 wander without a clear conclusionYet all those things
10、 do not really matter 17 matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard - without 18 （interrupt）, statement or judgmentListening to someones story costs 19 （little） than expensive diagnostic testing but is key to healing and analysisI often thought of what a woman once taught me, and I remind
11、ed 20 of the importance of stopping, sitting down and 21 （true） listeningI am a doctorAnd, not long after, in 22 unexpected twist（扭伤）, I became the patient, with a judgment of numerous sclerosis （细胞壁硬化） at age 31Now, 20 years later, I sit all the time in a wheelchairFor as long as I could, I continu
12、ed to see patients from my chair, 23 I had to quit when my hands 24 （affect） I still teach medical students and other health care professionals, but now 25 the viewpoint of a physician and patient, I tell them I believe in the power of listening and tell them I know that vast healing takes place wit
13、hin me when someone stops, sits down and listens to my storyII阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）第一节：阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满 40 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AApple Inc co-founder and former CEO Steve Jobs, counted among the greatest American CEOs of his generation, died on Wednesday at the age of
14、 56, after a years-long and highly public battle with cancerMourners gathered outside his house in Palo Alto, California, and Apple 第 3 页stores around the worldSteve Jobs made technology funAs tech leaders, theyre really happy if they have one hit in their lifeSteve Jobs has the Apple II, the Mac, t
15、he iPod, the iPhone, the iPad and PixarSteve Jobs was a college dropoutHe was adopted by a machinist and his wife, an accountantThey supported his early interest in electronicsHe and his friend Steve Wozniak started Apple Computernow just called Apple in 1976They stayed at the company until 1985That
16、 year, Steve Wozniak returned to college and Steve Jobs left in a dispute with the chief executiveMr Jobs then formed his own company, called NeXT ComputerHe rejoined Apple in 1997 after it bought NeXTHe helped remake Apple from a business that was in bad shape then to one of the most valuable compa
17、nies in the world todayHowever, Steve Jobs stepped down as Apples chief executive in August because of his health He died a day after the company released a new iPhone version that met with limited excitementSteve left behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be th
18、e foundation of ApplePresident Obama said in a statement: by building one of the planets most successful companies from his garage, Steve Jobs exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity（独创性的）By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution no
19、t only accessible, but intuitive and funThe fact that he was able to redesign American commerce top to bottom and across is really stunningHe probably will be considered an industrial giant on the scale of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, so one of the greatest of all timeSteve Jobs not only revolution
20、ized technology, he also revolutionized American businessSteve Jobs was remembered as a “great visionary and leader“ and a “marketing genius“26 How did the people around the world probably feel when Steve Jobs died of cancer at the age of 56?AUnfair BEmbarrassed CSorrowful DUncomfortable27 According
21、 to the second paragraph, the author wants to show that _ASteve Jobs has a lot of inventions in the field of computersBSteve Jobs makes great contributions to mankind in the field of computersCTech leaders will be happy when they have one hit in their lifeDSteve Jobs owns many companies in America28
22、 Which of the following statements about Steve Jobs is NOT TRUE?ASteve Jobs didnt finish his collegeBSteve Jobs and his friend built a company called Apple Computer in 1976CPresident Obama spoke highly of Steve Jobs for his achievementsDSteve Jobs was remembered as the founder of Apple and the Inter
23、net29 The underlined word “stunning“ in the last paragraph probably means _Aexciting Bamazing Cpuzzling Dinteresting30 This passage is mainly about _Athe inventions of Steve Jobs第 4 页Bthe childhood of Steve JobsCa brief introduction of Steve JobsDthe death of Steve JobsBIn 1857 Louis Pasteur accepte
24、d a position at the Ecole Normale Superieure, a prestigious school in ParisThere, he continued the research on fermentation（发酵） that he had started earlierUltimately, his research led to the process of pasteurization（巴斯德氏杀菌法）, which uses heat to kill harmful germs in a variety of food productsLater,
25、 Pasteur took on industry-related cases such as a disease affecting the silk industryBeginning in 1865, Pasteur spent three years investigating the bacteria that were the culprits and developing ways to prevent their spreadIn 1866 Pasteur lost two daughters to typhoid（伤寒）feverTwo years later he beca
26、me partially paralyzed（瘫痪）as a result of grief and stressBut despite these difficulties, Pasteur pressed on to even greater accomplishmentsIn the late 1870s, Pasteur began research in the emerging scientific field of immunization and developed a vaccine（疫苗） for the deadly disease rabiesFollowing thi
27、s success, the Pasteur Institute was founded to support Pasteurs workPasteur headed the institute until his death in 1895Since then, the institute has continued to growToday, the institutes headquarters in Paris contain over 130 laboratories along with extensive teaching facilities and the institute
28、s own medical centerOver the years, the institute has also extended through the establishment of around thirty research centers in other countriesAt each one, researchers help local authorities monitor public health and provide medical treatmentUnlike many research organizations, the Pasteur Institu
29、te is not government funded Instead it relies on financial gifts that it receives from institutions and ordinary peopleThis insures the institutes independence and enables it to respond quickly when health needs arise31 Who does this article introduce?AA modem philosopher BAn international diplomat（
30、外交官） CAn important scientist DA conservative politician32 What happened to Pasteur in the late 1860s?AHis sales decreased BHis career endedCHis health suffered DHis personality changed33 What did Pasteur focus his attention on in the 1870s?AContributing to French art and literature BDesigning produc
31、ts that people would buyCUsing his fortune to enjoy life in France DProtecting people against a terrible illness34 What does the Pasteur Institute provide?AInstruction BEntertainment CLegal advice DEconomic news第 5 页35 According to this article, what do ordinary people do?AApply for jobs at the Past
32、eur Institute BGive money to the Pasteur InstituteCTour the Pasteur Institute in Paris DContact the Pasteur Institute for adviceC“In the online world you dont need to fill buildings or lecture theatres with people and you dont need to be trapped into a lecture timetable,“ says Peter Scott, director
33、of the Open Universitys Knowledge Media InstituteThe Open University, the UKs open access university, which allows people to study from home in their own time, has been an international pioneer of degree courses onlineThe university, with more than 263,000 students in 23 countries, has become a reco
34、rd breaker on the iTunes U service, which provides a digital library of materials for university students and staffInstead of music or movies, Apples iTunes U provides a download service for lectures and resources from universities around the worldTop universities from the Massachusetts Institute of
35、 Technology and Harvard in the US to Oxford and Cambridge in the UK have been making their materials available, with no charge to the usersThere have been 31 million downloads of OU materials, more than any other university, representing roughly 10% of all iTunes U downloadsNearly 90% of these users
36、 are from outside the UKIn this online era, the OU student is also getting youngerA quarter of students are aged under-25 and only 10% are aged 50 or overThat change can only be accelerated as the cost of going to university increases in many countriesThe prospect of learning from Harvard from your
37、own bedroom is getting closer“We have a belief that a degree and an opportunity are rights for all citizensAnd we have got to enable the population of students attending higher education to scale upWhat I am most excited about is that the privilege of going for higher education is not something only
38、 for the wealthy or for the smartest or for the most well-equipped students in the future,“ an American educator saysOnline education will be a way of opening up more choices and getting beyond the big brand names of the most exclusive universitiesAt the Open University, Peter Scott says they are tr
39、ying to develop services that give students exactly what they want, from face-to-face learning to the fully online experience“We can produce brilliant televisual material and get it to you on YouTube, on iTunes U or even on the web36 According to the passage, online education has many advantages EXC
40、EPT that_Astudents dont have to go to the classrooms according to the timetableBit provides people with more chances to get higher educationCstudents dont need to have courses or lectures any moreDits convenient for people to study at home in their free time37 OU students use iTunes U service to_Ase
41、arch for the library Bdownload educational materialsCdownload music and movies Dsurf the Internet38 What made the American educator most excited was that_Aonly the rich or the cleverest students can get the higher education第 6 页Bmore chances of attending the higher education will be offered to commo
42、n peopleCcommon people are given the privilege to go to famous universitiesDthe number of OU students will increase in the future39 Which of the following statement about the Open University is NOT TRUE?AIt has played a leading role in the international online educationBMore people will get into it
43、because of the high fee of going to universityCIt provides users with many lectures and resources from universitiesDpeople have to pay for the materials downloaded from Harvard or Oxford40 According to the passage, we can infer that_Aall the citizens can get the higher education nowBonline education
44、 will take the place of the traditional educationConline education will probably change the way that people go for higher educationDstudying in Harvard or Cambridge will become easier in the futureDConservationists have unveiled plans to preserve and protect the worlds most important species of cora
45、l, in a response to increasing threats that they say will lead to “functional extinction“ within decadesLed by scientists at the Zoological Society of London, the Edge Coral Reefs project has identified 10 coral species in most urgent risk of becoming extinctThe scientists say that reefs are under p
46、ressure from a variety of threats including rising sea temperatures due to climatic instability, increased acidity（酸性）, over fishing and pollutionThe Edge plan, which focuses on the most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species , will take a regional approach to conservationThis means
47、 focusing on the “coral triangle“ around the Philippines, the West Indian Ocean around the Mozambique channel, and in the Caribbean channel“Coral reefs are threatened with functional extinction in the next 20-50 years, due predominantly to global climatic instability,“ said Catherine Head, coordinat
48、or of the reefs project“In these regions, well be supporting and training in-country conservationists to carry out research and implement targeted conservation actions,“ she said“Their projects will last initially for two yearsWe provide them with a whole host of tools to carry out their projects in
