1、（高考前 18 天）2006 届高三英语知识点综合训练2006.5.29高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 4-6 重点词汇与短语：1.take place 发生2.so-that 如此-以致于3.sweep sb. down 冲倒4.pull up 拽起，停车5.hold on to 抓住，握住6.get on ones feet 站起来7.go on a holiday 度假8.far away from 远离9.on fire 着火10.such as 例如11.travel agent 旅行社12.be caught in 遭遇到13.think twice 三思14.think h
2、ighly of 对-评价很高15.stare at 盯着16.leave out 遗漏17.take off 脱下，起飞18.go wrong 出问题19.in all 总之20.on the air 广播21.make jokes about 开-的玩笑22.play a role 扮演角色23.make money 挣钱24.owe success to sb. 把成功归功于某人25.start with 以-开始26.a thank-you letter 一封感谢信27.introduce-to- 将- 介绍给-28.make a good impression 留下好印象29.the
3、 custom of toasting 敬酒的习俗30.apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉 交际用语:1.Well done! 做得好！2.You can do it! 你能行！3.Come on! 快点！4.It scares me. 这让我害怕。5.Keep trying! 再试试！6.How do you like/find-? 你认为-怎么样？7.What do you think of-? 你认为-怎么样？8.Excuse me. 对不起。9.Forgive me. 请原谅。10.Im (very/so/terribly) sorry. 十分抱歉。
4、11.Im sorry. I didnt mean to-. 对不起，我不是有意 -。12.Thats all right./ Thats OK./ No problem. 没关系。知识点归纳:1.advance(1) v. 前进,推进,促进,提升Napoleons army advanced towards Moscow. 那破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进了。Two months has passed and the project has advanced.两个月过去了，这项工程已有进展。(2) n. 前进，进展The commander ordered to halt the enemys ad
5、vance. 司令下令阻止敌军前进。Hes always paying attention to the advances in medical science.他时刻注意着医学上的进步。（3）in advance 预先，在-之前I was given a months salary in advance. 我提前发了一个月的工资。（4）advanced adj. 高级的，先进的Einstein learned advanced mathematics all by himself at 13.爱因斯坦 13 岁就能自学高等数学了。Few scientists could understand
6、 his advanced theory at that time.那时没几个科学家能理解他高深的理论。2.seize vt.(1) 抓住，捉住The thief was seized by the police. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳膊。(2) 抓住（时机）If you get the opportunity to work abroad, you should seize it with both hands.如果你有出国工作的机会，切勿放过。Seize the day, seize the hour!只争朝夕！（3）（思想
7、、感情等）支配人的头脑The man was seized with panic. 这个人惊慌失措。Uncontrollable laughter seized us. 我们不由自主地大笑起来了。3.strike vt. vi. (struck, struck/stricken)(1) 打，击，砍，敲strike a blow 击出一拳strike a match 划火柴I wouldnt dream of striking a woman. 我做梦也不会打女人。He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。
8、(2) 打中，击中；撞，触礁A snow ball struck/hit him on the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。Then my shovel struck against something metallic. 然后我的铲子碰到了一件像金属的东西。（3）（某种想法）忽然出现；使（某人）突然意识到It strikes sb. that- 忽然意识到be struck by- 深受感动The funny side of the affair suddenly struck her. 她突然意识到了事情可笑的一面。We were struck by th
9、e generosity of even the poorest citizens.使我们深受感动的是，甚至最贫穷的市民也慷慨大方。（4） 给某人某种印象-How did it strike you? 你觉得它如何？-It struck me as strange at the time. 我当时觉得它很古怪。（5）（钟）敲响The church clock began to strike twelve. 教堂的钟开始敲 12 点。(6) 突然袭击When the snake strikes, its mouth opens wide.蛇发起进攻时，嘴张得很大。I fear an earthq
10、uake will strike this area again. 我担心地震会再次发生在这一地区。(7) 罢工 （也可用做名词）Im sure the bus drivers will strike/ go on strike. 我确信公共汽车司机会罢工。(8) strike, beat, hit, tap, knockstrike 常表示用力打或敲hit 有“撞击，袭击”之意，比 strike 稍弱一些，指一次性的打击或击中beat 指连续多次的打，也指有节奏的击打，还可表示打败tap 指轻拍knock 指敲打并伴有响声，还可表示打倒、撞翻考题链接：(1) It _ her how qui
11、et and gentle he was.A. beat B. hit C. struck D. knock(2) He sat quietly in the room, listening to the rain _ against the window.A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. knocking答案 C A分析 第一题表示“使某人忽然意识到”，用 strike; 第二题表示连续敲打，用 beat.4.感官动词 see, hear, find, notice, watch + 宾语 + 宾补(1) 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing, 表示宾补
12、的动作正在发生。We can see parrots flying along the river. 我们可以看到鹦鹉在沿着河边飞翔。I can feel my heart beating fast. 我可以感觉到我的心跳得很快。(2) 感官动词 + 宾语 + do, 表示宾补的动作已经完成。I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。I didnt notice you enter. 我没注意你进来了。(3) 感官动词 + 宾语 + done, 表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。I found his hands tied to a tree. 我发现他的双手被绑在
13、树上。He saw the girl bitten by the dog. 他看到那个女孩被狗咬了。5.fight (1) vt. 和-作战We are fighting pollution now. 我们正在和污染作斗争。(2) vi. fight against 为反对-而斗争The slaves fought against the slavery. 奴隶们为推翻奴隶制度而战。fight for 为（争取）-而斗争He called on the slaves to fight for freedom. 他号召奴隶们为自由而战。fight with 同-一起战斗，与-战斗France f
14、ought with Germany in that war. 在那场战争中法国对德国作战。fight over 因为- 而争吵The twin sisters always fight over toys. 这对双胞胎姐妹经常因为玩具而争吵。(3) n. 战斗，搏斗This film is about peoples fight for right. 这部电影反映了人民争取自己权利的斗争。Our country has started a fight against corruption. 我国已经开始了一场反腐败斗争。(4) fight, war, battle, strugglefigh
15、t 意为“ 战争”，指战争的动作。They fought back in self-defence. 他们进行了自卫还击。war 指全面战争，包含多次。We experienced two world wars in the last century. 上个世纪我们经历了两次世界大战。battle 战役，指大的、连续数小时数天的战争。the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役struggle 指较长时间的激烈的争斗，常指肉体、精神上的战斗。They had to struggle for their freedom. 他们不得不为自由而战。The army struggled a
16、gainst Japanese Imperialist. 这部队与日本帝国主义作斗争。6.take place, happen, break outtake place 多表示按计划或规定要发生的事情。happen 常用词，有偶然发生之意。break out 常指战争、火灾和疾病的爆发。三个词组都为不及物动词，没有被动语态。A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。He was in French when the Second World War broke out. 二战爆发时他在法国。When did the traffic a
17、ccident happen? 交通事故是什么时候发生的？Something strange has happened to the chemistry teacher. 化学老师出了点奇怪的事情。When will the sports meet take place? 运动会什么时候举行？Great changes have taken place in his hometown since 1980.从 1980 年以来他的家乡发生了巨变。7.destroy vt. 破坏，毁灭，毁掉The school was completely destroyed by fire. 学校被大火彻底烧
18、毁了。That accident destroyed her ballet career. 那次事故毁掉了她的芭蕾生涯。destroy 表示彻底毁掉，也可用于抽象意义，可指人或物。damage 通常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受到损伤或毁坏，但往往可以修复。可用作名词。ruin 表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西。 The chemical rain damages trees in the forests. 酸雨损害了森林中的树木。The precious painting was ruined by spilt milk. 洒出来的牛奶毁坏了那幅珍贵的画。The storm caused gr
19、eat damage to the crops. 这场风暴给庄稼造成了很大的损害。8.award (1) 可数名词，主要指“ 奖品，奖赏，奖金 ”，有时也指“报酬，工资”。Meryl Streep won the best actress award. 梅丽尔斯特里普获最佳女演员奖。The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奥运会冠军的奖品是一枚金牌。The nurses pay award was not as much as they had expected.护士的工资远没有她们预想的那么多。(2) vt. 给予，授予，判
20、给Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.爱因斯坦因在量子物理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。The university awarded her a scholarship. 那所大学给她发了奖学金。(3) priz 主要用于表示“获得几等奖” 或“获奖金额”，常说win a prize for-award sb. a prizereward 可用做名词或动词，指“报答，报偿，奖赏” 。考题链接：It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do
21、 things because certain acts lead to _.A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results答案 A分析 该句意思为“人们普遍认为小孩子学会做事是因为这些行为会带来奖赏/回报”。9.owe vt.(1) 欠（债）If he has borrowed some money from her, and has not paid her back, he owes her the money.如果他借了她的钱没归还，他就欠她钱。How much do I owe you? 我欠你多少钱？We owe our parents a lo
22、t. 我们对父母感激不尽。(2) owe sth. to sb. 感激，把- 归功于-He owes his success to our help. 他把成功归功于我们的帮助。We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers. 我们深受父母及师长之恩。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 我现在还活着，应该感激你。(3) owing to 由于，因为Owing to the rain they could not come. 因为下雨，他们不能来。Owing to the drought, crops ar
23、e short. 因为天旱，收成不好。10.live adj. 活的，生动的，精力充沛的，实况转播的It wasnt a recorded show; it was live. 这不是录像，是实况转播。They gave live broadcast while the performances were in process on the stage.当演出在舞台上进行时他们进行了实况转播。The concert will be broadcast live. 这次演唱会将进行实况转播。That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。The laboratory is conduct
24、ing experiments with a dozen live monkeys.该实验室在用十多只活猴子进行实验。She is a live woman. 她是一位精力充沛的女人。live 当“活的”讲时，只修饰动物，如 a live mouse, a live snake11.take off (1) 脱掉，摘掉（反义词为 put on）I forgot to take off my make-up last night. 我昨天晚上忘了卸妆。He took off his coat and went to sleep. 他脱下外衣睡觉了。(2) ( 飞机)起飞，起跑As the pla
25、ne was taking off, I remembered I didnt turn the iron off.飞机起飞时，我才想起我没有切断熨斗的电源。When we went to the airport, the plane had taken off. 我们到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。(3) 休假，一般说 take some time offIm taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping. 我周四要休假去买一些圣诞礼物。(4) 开始成功，成名I hear the business is really taking off. 我
26、听说生意真的开始兴隆了。Spielbergs career really took off when he began to shoot his short films.斯皮尔伯格开始从事短片拍摄时，他的事业真正腾飞了。(5) take in 吸收，理解；收留take back 使回忆起；追回take over 接管，接任take up 开始从事；占去（时间、空间）；拿起（武器）高考链接：(1)It is certain that he will _ his business to his son when he gets old. (福建 2004)A. take over B. think
27、 over C. hand over D. go over(2)Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day.(广东 2004)A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up答案 (1) C hand sth. over to sb. “把- 传给某人”(2) A take up “ 占用时间”12.go wrong “ 变坏，变得糟糕，出错 ”，go 用做联系动词，表示状况由好变坏。go bad 变坏，变腐烂go hungry 挨饿go ma
28、d 发疯The computer went wrong. 电脑坏了。Fish goes bad in hot weather. 热天鱼很快腐烂。He has gone deaf. 他变聋了。13.think highly/well/much of 对- 评价很高think ill/badly/poorly/little of 对- 评价不好Premier Zhou was highly thought of in China. 周总理在中国深受好评。Not all the teachers are well thought of by the students. 学生不是对所有老师印象都好。h
29、ighly, high 都可用作副词， high 表示具体的高度，highly 表示引申含义，“高度地”。类似表达还有 wide/widely, deep/deeply, close/closely。He jumped very high. 他跳得很高。We all speak highly of Mr. Smith. 我们对史密斯先生评价很高。Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。He dived deep into the sea. 他潜到海里很深的地方。They were d
30、eeply moved when hearing this. 听到这些，他们被深深地感动了。14.manner(1) 礼貌，规矩，用复数 mannersIts bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西是很不礼貌的。Mind your manners. 注意礼貌。(2) 态度，举止，用作不可数名词。His manner shows his honesty. 他的态度表明了他的诚实。Though ugly in appearance, he is soft in manner. 虽然他的相貌丑陋，但举止很温柔。(3) 手段，方法，用作可数名词。He
31、 told the story in a frightening manner. 他以吓人的方式讲故事。Do it in this manner. 用这种方式来做。15.interrupt vt. vi.(1) 打断，插嘴Its not polite to interrupt a speaker. 打断别人说话是不礼貌的。Dont interrupt; let him go on speaking. 别插嘴，让他继续说。(2) 阻止，中断I interrupt my work to watch TV. 我停下手里的活去看电视。The war interrupted the trade betw
32、een the two countries. 战争中断了两国间的贸易。16.impression n. 印象get an impression 得到某印象have/make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象be under the impression that 觉得，以为What were your first impressions of Beijing? 你对北京的第一印象如何？The book left/made a deep impression on him. 这本书给他留下了深刻的印象。What he said gave her a bad im
33、pression. 他的话给它留下了恶劣的印象。Everybody had the impression that she was a good match for the young man. 每个人都觉得她和那个年轻人是天生的一对。17.mean vt.(1) 意味着Life to him means struggle. 对他来说生活意味着斗争。His words means a lot to me. 他的话对我来说意味着许多。What do you mean by saying this? 你说这话是什么意思？Nodding the head means agreement. 点头就是同
34、意。(2) mean to do 打算做某事What do you mean to do next? 下一步你打算做什么？I mean to write a letter to my girlfriend. 我打算给我的女朋友写封信。I know I have hurt her feelings, but I didnt mean to. 我知道我伤害了她，但这不是我的本意。I had meant to apologize to him, but I changed my mind.我本打算向他道歉，但又改变了主意。(3) mean doing 意味着-Her smile means bein
35、g happy. 她的微笑意味着正高兴。Waving the hand means saying goodbye. 挥手意味着道别。If it means delaying one more week, I will not wait. 如果这意味着拖延一个星期，我就不等了。(4) mean sb. to do 打算要某人做-I mean you to repair my bike. 我打算要你给我修自行车。I had meant you to get up early, but you got up late.我本打算要你早起，但你起晚了。He meant his son to succee
36、d. 他要他的儿子成功。(5) means n. 手段，方法；工具（单复数同形）a means of transportation 交通工具a means of communication 通讯方式by all means 无论如何，务必by means of 借助-by this means 通过这种方式They tried all possible means. 他们尝试过一切可能的方式。There is/are no means of getting there. 没有办法可以到达那里。Finish it by all means. 无论如何都要完成它。Thoughts can also
37、 be expressed by means of music. 思想也可借助音乐表达。Well be connected with that factory by this means. 我们将用这种方式与那个工厂联系。18.must 表推测(1) 对现在事实的推测，用 must be/do sth.对过去事实的推测，用 must have doneHe must be over 70 now. 他现在肯定有 70 多岁了。He knows something about Beijing. I think he must have been there.他对北京有所了解，我想他一定去过那儿。
38、(2) 表推测否定形式为 cant do, cant/couldnt have done。He cant be from America, for his English is not good at all.他不可能是从美国来的，因为他的英语一点也不好。He cant have bought this book, for he is reading mine.他不可能买了这本书，因为他正在看我的。(3) 含 must 表推测的句子，反意疑问句应根据实际时态的动词形式决定。He must be Mr. Chen, isnt he?(去掉 must 后的陈述句为：He is Mr. Chen.)
39、He must have stayed at home yesterday, didnt he?(还原为: He stayed at home yesterday.)You must have met him before, havent you?（还原为：You have met him before.）高考链接：(1) -Tom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh, he _ have been a very smart student. (NMET 2004)A. could B. should C. might D. must答案：D 分析：对过去情况的肯定推测，用 must have done。(2) He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京 2005)A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant
