1、犬胸导管留置插管导入放射核素显影【关键词】 放射性核素显像 关键词: 放射性核素显像;胸导管;侧支循环;肿瘤转移 摘 要:目的 建立淋巴系统侧枝循环后,从胸导管留置插管导入放射核素,以应用于癌症患者手术后的潜在转移治疗. 方法 通过动物试验,在胸导管近心端结扎,远心端插管,导入染色剂、造影剂、进行急性试验;胸导管导入放射核素显影测试侧枝循环建立时间,进行慢性试验. 结果 动物急性试验:造影剂、染色剂均进入靶淋巴结;动物慢性试验:4wk 后淋巴系统侧枝循环建立,放射核素导入后 ECT 图像显示放射核素扩散至乳糜池,见有肺门淋巴结显影. 结论 犬胸导管留置插管导入放射核素证明,该法可建立淋巴系统侧
2、枝循环,为晚期癌症淋巴转移患者寻求了一条有效的治疗途径. Keywords:radionuclide imagign;thoracec duct;collateral circulation nooplasm metastasis Abstract:AIM To establish side-branch circle in lymphsys-tem al transfer treatment to the cancer patient after his operation.METHODS In animal experiment,the thoracic duct was tied on
3、the proximal the to the heart and the import duct was inserted on the distal side to the heart.Acute test was performed by transfering dyeing liquid medicine and imaging liquid medicine,and chornic test was done to examine the time of side branch circle with imaging by importing radionu-clide in the
4、 guiding thoracic duct.RESULTS In the animal acute test,Both of the dyeing and imaging liquid medicines were quided into the target lymphmodes.In the animal chor-nic test;Fout weoks later,side branch circle of lymphsystem was set up.After guiding the radionuclide,the ECT imaging showed that the radi
5、onu clide was imported into chylocyst and the imag of lymph block appeared.CONCLUSION The time of setting-up of lymphsystem side branch circle is de-siroble and an effective treatment is found for late cancer pa-tients with lymph node metastasis. 0 引言 经过胸导管介入治疗肿瘤一般都是在超声引导下经皮肤直接穿刺瘤内注射放射核素内照射治疗1 ,经淋巴管
6、介入治疗淋巴癌的少量报道中,也是经淋巴管注入化疗药物2,3 及免疫药物4-6 ,而没有将放射核素直接导入淋巴管的报道,治疗结果显示肿瘤均有缩小7,8 .但是,上述方法均为淋巴管治疗、显影的经典途径9 ,注入药物随淋巴液循环的途径为顺流.我们采用分离出胸导管后,近心端结扎,远心端插管,待淋巴液侧支循环建立(或淋巴液逆流形成)后,将放射核素注入胸导管治疗癌转移.目前,国内还没有与本课题研究内容相同的报道. 1 材料和方法 1.1 材料 成年狼狗 12 只,体质量 1824kg,由西安第四军医大学实验动物中心提供.泛影葡胺,美兰(上海淮海制药厂生产);静脉留置插管、动脉导管(江苏神力医用制品厂生产)
7、;99 Tcm -O4(北京医科学院放射医学研究所出品). 1.2 方法 取犬 6 只,先行颈部解剖,于颈静脉角处分离出胸导管,近心端结扎,远心端插管,其中 2 只颈静脉解剖失败,后行气管插管,做剖胸手术,于主动脉弓上方解剖出胸导管,近心端结扎,远心端插管,将导管引出体外.全组受试动物均分别以 4.99.8kPa 压力注入 360g L-1 泛影葡胺 20mL,摄 X 光片;注入美兰 4mL 加 NS30mL,动物处死,行解剖观察.取犬 6 只,两只先行颈部解剖出胸导管,近心端结扎,远心端插管;4只开胸,解剖出胸导管后近心端结扎,远心端插管,导管引出胸腔外;导管远端封闭,埋于前腿皮下饲养,术后
8、 3d 因感染死亡 1 只,其余饲养共4wk. 2 结果 2.1 X 线观察 犬胸导管插管处无渗漏,注药时胸导管无破裂.胸导管、乳糜池显影扩张,周围毛细血管扩张成网状,腋下淋巴节显影,淋巴结周围见有毛细血管扩张成网状,右肺门有淋巴结显影(Fig1). 2.2 染色剂观察 可见胸导管、乳糜池全部兰染,胸导管扩张,周围见有兰染毛细淋巴管网;右肺门旁淋巴结兰染,贲门旁淋巴结兰染,左腋下淋巴结兰染,并见有淋巴结周围兰染的毛细淋巴管网(Fig2). 2.3 ECT 观察 取插管术后犬饲养 1wk 后的两只,经插管注入“99 Tcm -O4”185MBq,扫描观察 1h,ECT 显示:示踪剂无扩散,1 只
9、受试犬于检查后 2d 感染死亡.饲养 2wk 后取插管术后犬 2 只行同位素示踪检查,给药方法剂量如前,检查结果:示踪剂沿胸导管下行 20mm.饲养 3wk 后,取插管术后犬 2 只行同位素示踪检查,给药方法剂量同前,检查结果:示踪剂沿胸导管下行 40mm,有侧支从胸导管伸出,但侧支循环尚未建立(Fig3).饲养 4wk 后,取插管术后犬 2 只行同位素示踪检查,给药方法同前,检查结果:胸导管的侧支循环已经建立(Fig4);示踪剂沿胸导管扩散至乳糜池,见有肺门淋巴结显影. 图 1 图 4 略 3 讨论 目前对恶性肿瘤的淋巴系统转移,临床尚无理想的治疗方法与措施.本结果证实,手术后发生的淋巴转移
10、癌患者或不能手术的晚期癌症患者,可行颈部解剖胸导管,插管留置导管.颈、胸部插管均可使药物达到靶细胞,为临床提供可靠的实验依据.实验证明,胸导管结扎后,乳糜液产生逆流,给于各种生物、化疗药物及放射核素可达淋巴结,如果给予胶体放射核素制剂,其被吞噬细胞吞噬,可以滞留于淋巴结内起到持续杀伤癌细胞的作用.本实验证实:胸导管结扎后,乳糜液逆流或侧枝循环(Fig4)的建立,需 4wk 以后方可形成,这可能与淋巴循环低压以及淋巴循环量的不确定性有关.我们发现,插管后当即加压注射美兰和造影剂,虽在手术进行生理监测时未发现生理改变,但动物处死后,胸导管扩张,周围淋巴管扩张,周围水肿,这种现象随时间的推移是否可影
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