1、人教版课程标准实验教材（英语 选修 7 第 3 单元）知识讲解第三单元(1) sth with sb 与某人分享某物 He would share his last pound with me. 1 share (v) (2) sth between sb 共同承担 We share a small room between us. 我们俩合用一个房间.(3) share sth among sb 共享/均分 Please share the sweets among the children present here. Profits are shared (out) among the p
2、artners. 合伙人均分利润。(4) (in) sth We will share the joys and sorrows. (5) vi There is only one room , so well have to share. （合用） You must learn to share. (6) n 一份，股份 Let me take a share in the expenses . 这些费用让我也出一份。He owns 500 shares of the company. 他拥有那家公司的 500 股股份。share sbs joys and sorrows 和某人同甘共苦2
3、favorite (1) adj 最喜欢的 Who is your favorite writer? be favorite with 在中受欢迎 The singer is popular with young people.(2) n 最喜欢的人或物 The book is a favorite with students. Liu Xiang is a general favorite.。刘翔是最受大众喜欢的人favor 喜欢，支持 in favor of 支持，赞成 favorable 赞成的，有利的，讨人喜欢的 favoritism (n) 偏爱，得宠3 witness (1) v
4、当场见到，目击 I witnessed an accident on my way home yesterday. (2) v 表明，说明 Her flushed（通红） face witnessed the excitement she felt. (3) v 作证 None could witness that he was present. (4) v 为 作证 常与 to 连用 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作证说他看到那个人进入房间。(5) n (C) “目击者，证人 ”常与 to 连用 The police
5、 found the witness to the murder case.He was a witness to the accident.(6) n (C,U) 证词，证据，证明 His ragged clothes were (a) witness to his poverty. The old man gave witness on behalf of an accused person. 那位老人为被告作证。 on behalf of 代表/ 替相关短语：be a witness to 是的目击者 give witness on behalf of 替作证 witness to 为某
6、事作证说4 as (1) conj 用作连词可引导时间，原因，让步，比较，方式等状语从句As he looked at her, she made a face. As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up .He doesnt speak as the other people do . You must do as I told you. He is not so diligent as you. Young as he is , he knows a lot. Child/Student a
7、s he is, he has a good knowledge of history.As a young boy , he lost his parents in the war. I watched her as she combed her hair. I have changed it as you suggested. I read the letter as I walked along the river. As you werent there , I left a message. As he has been ill , perhaps he needs help. Tr
8、y as he would , he couldnt open the door. Tired as they were, they walked on. Leave the table as it is. (2) 作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有 such, the same, as, so 与之呼应，构成 suchas, soas,等Well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science.I want to buy the same shoes as were advertised.(3)
9、作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，as 指前或后面整个句子的内容。 As you can see in the map, the two cities are far away from each other. As everybody knows ,all that glitters is not gold. As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.(4) prep 作为 You will be welcomed as a hero tomorrow morning . She treats him as her brother.近义词辨
10、析： as 强调主从句谓语动词的动作同时发生。 We talked as we walked on our way home.when 侧重表示瞬间（时间点） ,主从句所述动作可以同时也可先后发生 .He went home when he had finished his homework.(先后) It was snowing when we got to the airport. （同时）while 表示时间段或两个延续性动作同时发生 Strike while the iron is hot. Please look after her while Im away.because 语气最
11、强，着重说明原因或理由（其从句一般放在主句之后）， 在回答 why问句时，必须用 because 不能用其他词。 He was tired because he had done much hard work. since 语气比 because 稍弱，表示关系上的必然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于” （一般放在主句前）Since everyone is here, lets begin our class. as 语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后）。As he didnt know much English , he had some difficulty in
12、 making himself understood. for 是并列连词,不能放在句首，提供一种解释、理由或推断。 The electricity must be cut off for the light went out.5. sort (1) vt 把分类 ,拣选 She is busy sorting letters. 她正忙于给信件分类。He was sorting his foreign stamps.(2) sort out 整理（好） I have sort ed out the letters. 我已把信分好。He sorted out the old cards.他整理好
13、了旧名片We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.(3) n 种类，类别 A hammer is a sort of tool. You can ask him for help-he is a good sort. 他是个好人。Hes the sort of person I really dislike. What sort of paint are you using?(4)词组 sort of 颇为，有几分 I feel sort of sick. all sorts of 相当于 all kinds of 近义词辨析 sor
14、t 种类，在口语和商业语言中更常用，还可表示轻蔑的意思.This sort of question is easy to answer. How did you get this sort of idea into your mind? kind 种类，特指某种性质相同，具有极其相似特征的东西，适用于某种方法分类，并置于一起。 He is the person of this kind. type 类型，在一般情况下， kind 较笼统、模糊，而 type 较具体、肯定。Do you know how many basic types of blood there are in all ? 6
15、. accommodation (1) 房间，住所 The accommodation of this hotel is scare. （不足）(2) 膳宿 （常用复数） This hospital has accommodations for 600 patients. (3) accommodate 向提供住处，接纳 (v) The house will accommodate two families. 相关短语： (1) make accommodations for 为提供膳宿 (2) book accommodation at a hotel 在旅馆预订房间(3) arrange
16、sbs accommodation 给某人安排住处 (4) accommodate to = adapt to 使 适应You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation. (5) accommodate sb with = supply sb with The bank will accommodate you with a loan.7 out of (1) 离一段距离，不在内 Fish can survive for only a short time out of water. (2) 离开 He jumped out of b
17、ed when he heard the door bell rang. (3) 出于动机 He helped you just out of kindness. (4) 从中 Please dont look out of the window. (6) 用，以（某事物） She made a skirt out of the material I gave her. (7) 缺乏，无 lack (sth), without : Im beginning to feel out of patience. 我开始觉得有些不耐烦了。(8) 不出于 out of 后的名词所表示的情况，脱离 Hes
18、 still in hospital but out of danger. My radio is out of order. 相关短语： (1) out of breath (2) out of it 不加入，孤立 (3) out of date 过时的 (4) out of control 失控(5) out of repair失修(6) out of question 毫无疑问(7) out of the question 不可能的 (8) out of sight 看不见(9) out of mind 离久情疏(10) out of line 不协调，不一致 (11) out of w
19、ork/a job 失业与 out 有关的短语： stick out 伸出，突出 pick out 挑选出 read/shout sth out/loud 大声念出/叫出 be worn out =be tired out =give out 某人累坏了/筋疲力尽 run out 用完/尽,有宾语时加 of sell out 卖完 help out 帮助8 be about to do 表示即将发生的动作 ，意为“正要，即将” 此结构不与具体的时间状语连用。常与 when 连用。She was about to go to the cinema when I came. I was about
20、 to leave when the telephone rang. 9 come on (1) 表示劝说，激励， 不耐烦或催促等 Come on, well be late for school. (2) 上演，演出 Theres a new play coming on next week. 相关短语： (1) come about 发生 (2) come across 偶然遇到(3) come out 出来，花（开）， 出版 (4) come up 走近，上升， 发芽(5) come up with 赶上，补充， 提出 (6) come to 谈到，总计为，达到，苏醒 10 ahead
21、(1) adv 向前，朝前 The way ahead was blocked by fallen trees. He ran ahead .(2) ahead of 在前面，优于，胜于 She was always well ahead of the rest the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先。His ideas were ahead of his time . 他的思想比他所处的时代先进。 ahead of time 提前You should have told me that ahead of time. He is ahead of me in Chinese11 throw
22、 (1) 投，掷，扔，抛 Throw the ball to your younger brother. He was thrown into prison.被关进I felt discouraged when he threw cold water on my idea. She threw herself into a chair and began to cry.(2) 匆忙或随便穿/脱 He threw a blanket over the injured man. 他匆忙给伤者披上毯子。She threw on/off her overcoat. 她匆匆穿上/ 脱掉大衣。(3) 惊扰
23、，使不安 The news of Fu Biaos death really threw us. (4) 使某人处于某种状态 The big fire threw hundreds of workers out of work. 大火使几百人失业。The explosion threw the people into confusion. 爆炸使人们慌乱。We were thrown into confusion by the news. 我们让那消息给弄糊涂了。He was threw himself into teaching.全身心相关短语： (1) be thrown into con
24、fusion 陷入混 乱 (2) throw away 抛弃，浪费，拒绝 (3) throw cold water on 向泼冷水(4) throw off 匆匆脱掉，抛弃，摆脱 (5) throw oneself on 依靠，求助于 (6) throw oneself into doing sth 开始热心做某事(7) throw up 举起，呕吐，丢弃 12 grab (1) 抢，抓， 抢夺 He grabbed my collar and pulled me before the boss. 他抓住我的领子把我拎到老板面前。When I gave him the chance , he
25、grabbed it at once. He grabbed at the boy, but failed.他想抓住那个男孩，可是.He grabbed at the boy, but couldnt save him from falling. 他伸手去抓那个男孩，但还是没有阻止他跌落。(2) 取/ 拿某物 Grab a seat and make yourself at home. 随便找个位子坐，别客气。(3) 给某人留下深刻印象 How does this music grab you? It doesnt grab me at all.这音乐你喜欢吗？ 一点都不喜欢。13 pack
26、(1) v 打包，收拾行李 They packed their things for the trip . All these books need to be packed into boxes. He takes a packed lunch to work every day. 他每天带盒装午饭上班。(2) v 挤满，塞满 The stadium was packed with chanting fans. 热情的观众积满了体育馆。The book was packed with useful information. 这本书了有很多有用的资料。(3) C 包，捆，群 The girl
27、left the room in a hurry with a pack of clothes under her arm. 相关短语 a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟 packs of 大量的，一堆堆的 pack off 运走，打发掉 pack up 收拾行李 a pack of wolves 一群狼 a pack of lies 一派谎言 package (n) 包装，包扎 packed 充满的，打包的 packer 14 flee (vi, vt) 逃跑，逃离，迅速消散，消失,破灭 (fled ,fled ) He fled his hometown during th
28、e war. They fled Japan. During the civil war, thousands of people fled the country. His hope fled when he was refused the admittance to the company. 当他被拒绝进入这家公司时，他的希望破灭了。注意： He fled (from) that country. He escaped from that country. He ran away from that country.escape(1) 用作及物动词时意为 “逃避，躲避” In order
29、to escape being punished he made an excuse. In order to escape punishment he made an excuse. (2) （从监禁或管制中）vi 逃跑，逃走 He escape from prison this morning. Two prisoners have escaped.(3) （从不愉快或危险处境中） vi 逃脱，摆脱 She managed to escape from the burning car. 近义词辨析：(1) flee 强调逃跑行为本身，含有“逃走，消散 ”的 意思The villagers
30、fled about when the flood broke out. 洪水爆发时，村民们四处逃窜。His hope fled when he was refused the admittance to the company. 2(2) escape 强调逃跑的结果，即成功地跑掉了。 In the war, the soldier escaped death. 那名士兵死里逃生。They managed to escape from the burning building by breaking down the door. (3) run away 多用于口语，含有 “不辞而别” 之意
31、。 He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 15 drag vi, vt 拖，拉，扯； C 供拖拉之物，累赘的人或物 We dragged the fallen tree from the road.Her skirt dragged on the floor. 她的裙子在地上拖着。 相关短语： (1) drag behind 落在后面 (2) drag in 扯进来 (3) drag sb down 使某人沮丧 (4) drag on 拖延近义词辨析： drag 费力，缓慢而艰难地拉、拖较重的物体。 He dragged a heavy b
32、ox. He dragged himself/his tired feet home . 他拖着疲倦的步子回家。draw 从容地拉、拖 He drew the curtain apart. 他拉开了窗帘。pull 突然、急速地拉，方式不限。 He pulled the door and rushed in. Pull it up. 相关短语： drag behind 落在后面 drag in 扯进来 drag sb down 使某人沮丧 drag on 拖延16 annual 每年的，年度的，一年一次的 annually (adv) 每年 an annual event/festival Wh
33、ats your annual salary?17 abandon (vt) (1) 遗弃，抛弃 Parents who abandon their babies should be punished. The captain gave orders to abandon ship. We must urge people who smoke to abandon the habit. (2) 放弃 Luxun abandoned medicine for literature. The match was abandoned because of bad weather. (取消)(3) abandon oneself to 沉迷（ be addicted to） He abandoned himself to despair. 他悲观厌世。The young man does nothing but abandon himself to pleasure. 那位年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。abandoned (adj) 被遗弃的，自暴自弃的，无耻的，堕落的 abandoned young man 堕落的年轻人 abandoned ship 被弃的船只 Walking in the forest, he felt abandoned by the world.
