1、In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students healthy growth, ensuring that national (property) is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the “prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses“ principle, according to the local condition
2、s, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student kn
3、owledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls (such as 110, 119, 122, 120,
4、and so on) use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police st
5、ation, a township peoples Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership alwa
6、ys maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students psychological changes at any time and take preventi
7、ve measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctio
8、nal Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent a
9、ccidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local peoples Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls
10、, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are
11、 safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management,
12、is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fireElectricity lines,
13、 equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on c
14、ampus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and a
15、nnual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until inve
16、stigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events
17、and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initi
18、ative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspection
19、s near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, te
20、achers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students self-care ability. 6, the establishment
21、of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizations out of safety management system organization activities between teachers and students,
22、 to draw up a precise plan and security measures must be signed by the school officials to review the programme of activities agreed upon Correctional Center agreed to implement. Organization to the field relatively far or activities require approval by the Deputy Director of the Education Bureau in
23、 charge of security. 2, each activity should have a specific responsibility, pay attention to the persons age, physical match. Route 3, activities, location, field surveys should be carried out in advance. 4, activities for the means of transport should explain the situation to the school to comply
24、with vehicle, safety requirements, before the line for repairs. 5, each activity must have security, emergency response plan for accidents. 6, picnics, hiking, picnic to pay attention to fire prevention, food poisoning, prevention of fall accidents 7, the activities near the rivers, reservoirs, no m
25、easures or do not meet the security requirements of the Organization and not let students into the water一、选题的依据及意义：曲轴是发动机对外输出动力的核心部件，是驱动车、船等运输工具的重要动力来源。曲轴的功用是把活塞、连杆传来的气体力转变为转矩，用以驱动汽车的传动系统和发动机的配气机构以及其他辅助装置。曲轴的工作情况是极其复杂的，它是在周期变化的燃气作用力、往复运动和旋转运动惯性力及它们的力矩作用下工作的，因此承受着扭转和弯曲的复杂应力。曲轴是内燃机中承受冲击载荷传递动力的关键零件，也是内
26、燃机五大件（机体、缸盖、曲轴、凸轮轴、连杆）中最难以保证加工质量的零件，发动机曲轴作为重要运动部件，同时因曲轴工况及其恶劣，因而对曲轴材料、曲轴尺寸精度、表面粗糙度、热处理和表面强化、动平衡等要求十分严格。其中任何一个环节的质量对曲轴的寿命和整机的可靠性都有很大的影响。因此世界各国对曲轴的加工都十分重视，不断地改进曲轴加工工艺，最大可能地提高曲轴寿命。在大批量生产的条件下，传统工艺已不能满足当前设计和生产需求，在长时间、高速运转下，曲轴极容易过早出现失效或断裂，严重影响曲轴的寿命和整机可靠性。曲轴的主要失效形式是轴颈磨损和疲劳断裂，内燃机曲轴部分的结构形状和主要尺寸对内燃机曲轴的抗弯疲劳强度和
27、扭转刚度有重要影响，因而在内燃机曲轴设计时，必须对内燃机的结构强度问题予以充分重视。二、国内外研究现状及发展趋势：2.1 国内外曲轴加工技术的现状目前车用发动机曲轴材质主要有球墨铸铁和钢两类。由于球墨铸铁曲轴成本只有调资钢曲轴成本的三分之一左右，且球墨铸铁的切削性能良好，可获得较理想的结构形状，并且和钢质曲轴一样可以进行各种热处理和表面强化处理来提高曲轴的抗疲劳强度，硬度和耐磨性。所以球墨铸铁曲轴在国内外得到了广泛的应用。据统计资料显示，车用发动机曲轴采用球墨铸铁材质的比例在美国为 90%，英国为 85%，日本为 60%，此为，德国比利时等国家也已经大批量采用。国内采用球墨铸铁曲轴的趋势则更加
28、明显，中小型功率柴油机曲轴 85%以上采用球墨铸铁，而功率在 160KW 以上发动机曲轴多采用锻钢曲轴。2.2 国内外曲轴加工技术展望美国，德国，日本等汽车工业发达国家都致力于开发绿色环保、高性能发In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students healthy growth, ensuring that national (property) is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the “preve
29、nt, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses“ principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership
30、 team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with educati
31、on in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls (such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on) use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to r
32、eport; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township peoples Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching a
33、ctivities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers moral education, establish a dedicated love, im
34、proving education quality, observe the students psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in
35、 the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools s
36、hould educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local peoples Government, educat
37、ion, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately rep
38、air and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the
39、 life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire con
40、trol safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fireElectricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smok
41、ing, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-pro
42、of, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13
43、, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and student
44、s, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the sa
45、me time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty
46、with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the p
47、olice station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the co
48、rrect ways and means of maintaining and improving students self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students o
49、rganizations out of safety management system organization activities between teachers and students, to draw up a precise plan and security measures must be signed by the school officials to review the programme of activities agreed upon Correctional Center agreed to implement. Organization to the field relatively far or activities require approval by the Deputy Director of the Education Bureau in charge of security. 2, each activity should have a specific responsibility, pay attention to the persons age, physical match. Route 3, activities, location, field surveys should b
