1、2015 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案(完整版)第 1 部分：词汇选项(第 115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1个意义最为接近的选项。1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste3. Most peop
2、le find rejection hard to accept.A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amou
3、nt B. supply C. tempt D. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will per
4、ish.A. survive B. last C. die D. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policy B. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesmans cardinal rule is to s
5、atisfy customers.A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silence B. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous15. The starving children
6、were a pathetic sight.A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful第 2 部分：阅读判断(第 1622 题，每题 l 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientists have long speculated as to why animal s
7、pecies didnt flourish sooner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earths surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?Well, it seems
8、the air wasnt so great then, after all.In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earths atmosphere couldnt have supported a diversity of
9、 creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research
10、along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “Were providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments fr
11、om China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earths continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They c
12、ompared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygens role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous estimat
13、es put the oxygen level at 40% of todays conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potentia
14、l for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.“If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and thei
15、r relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”“Theres a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, a
16、nd we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. Right B. Wrong
17、C. Not mentioned18. The team was funded by several research institutes.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21
18、. The study revealed that chromium found in Earths continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2
19、项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题;(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。First Image-recognition Software1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than
20、 ever before.2. The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel
21、 (像素) data in images and potentially video rather than just text to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos with
22、out tags or captions (图片说明), making for more accurate document search results.3. “Over the last 30 years,“ says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, “the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data se
23、t, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the ph
24、otos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.“4. The researchers desi
25、gned and tested a machine vision system a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic (语义的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by se
26、arch engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extract
27、ed by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 _24. Paragraph 2 _25. Paragraph 3 _26. Paragraph 4 _A. Function of the new systemB. Improvement in document
28、retrievalC. Publication of the new discoveryD. Problems of the existing search enginesE. Popularity of the new systemF. Artificial intelligence software created27. The new system does document retrieval by _.28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _.29. When performing document retrie
29、val the existing search engines ignore _ _30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _A. using photosB. description of the HTML pageC. current popular search enginesD. document searchE. information in imagesF. machine vision systems第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有
30、3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。第一篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-FluIF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results hav
31、e come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and P
32、revention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere,” said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.”When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following s
33、ituations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second t youre sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go
34、 out.Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to
35、 person.During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why arent masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simpl
36、e surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead.Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with
37、his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed. Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may tr
38、ansfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are
39、still doing.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. Widespread use of face masks. B. Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreakC. New discoveries of a face mask research. D. Effectiveness of wearing face masks32. The CDC suggests that peopleA. stay alone when being sick. B. wear face masks when going t
40、o a crowded place.C. wear face masks wherever possible. D. remain at home if living with someone whos sick.33. The word “that“ in Paragraph 3 refers toA. making preparations. B. avoiding exposureC. coming up with guidelines. D. wearing face masks everywhere.34. Which of the following statements is t
41、rue?A. Scientists warn the next flu is coming soon.B. Asian bird flu is spreading easily from person to person.C. Masks protect people because they keep viruses away.D. Masks are not effective if a flu strikes.35. One of the concerns the CDC has is thatA .masks may give people a wrong assumption of
42、being safe.B. the sick may not wear masks and go out.C. flu virus may spread via public transportation.D. healthy people may not know how to protect themselves.第二篇 Whats killing the BatsFirst it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious
43、deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotislucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In som
44、e caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists dont know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a ca
45、use at all, but the result of some other conditions.Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats cant eat enough food, they starve to death.S
46、till other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again a
47、nd weaken or kill the bats.Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. I
48、f there arent enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size 一 the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一 a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already pro
49、tected or endangered.How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. All species of bats in North America are dying.B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of batsC. The bat deaths are a serio
