1、14 考研英语二真题及答案SectionI Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompare
2、d to those who are overweight. And there are healthconditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. Forexample, heavier women are less likely to develop calciumdeficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, beingsomewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the
3、fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body massindex, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square ofheight. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to benormal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 isconsidered obese. Obesit
4、y, _8_,can be divided into moderatelyobese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may bein poor 11 .For exa
5、mple, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces
6、covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of willpower,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and healthprofessionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, andteasing about body build has long be
7、en a problem in schools.1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured2. A protective B dangerous C sufficientDtroublesome3. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore4. A indicator B objective C origin D example5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern6. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D
8、in of7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part9. A complicated B conservative C variable Dstraightforward10. A so B unlike C since D unless11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste12. A start B quality C retire D stay13. A strange B changeable C nor
9、mal D constant14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored16. A B combined C settled D associated17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies20. A for B against C wi
10、th D without3 R9E! u0 M R) y a1 X! gSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie,
11、 an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from hersmall, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undividedlottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tunewill yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse thanread Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norto
12、n.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to showthat the most rewarding ways to spend money can becounterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visionsof fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was onc
13、e excitingand new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better tospend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, likeinteresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeli
14、ng more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as wellas lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.“ Itseems most people would be better off if they could shorten theircommutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and lessof it watchi
15、ng television (something the average American spends awhopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier forit).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurablethan purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyablewhen they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the
16、reasonMacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib - amarketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxiousabout fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countr
17、ies are generally happier than thosein poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending moneyon others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range
18、from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives forAmerican homebuyers. But most people will come away from this bookbelieving it was money well spent。21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is themost rewarding purchase?AA big houseBA special tourCA stylish carDA rich mea
19、l22.The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show thatAconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure24.Ac
20、cording to the last paragraph,Happy MoneyAhas left much room for readerscriticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseChas predicted a wider income gap in the usDmay give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how toAbalance feeling good and spending moneyBspend large sums
21、of money won in lotteriesCobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentDbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empiricalresearch says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful thanyou are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good
22、about ourselvesand we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies toresearch into what the call the “above average effect”, or“illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rateourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% atgetting on well with othersal
23、l obviously statisticalimpossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirmingsituations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negativestereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk aroundthinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nichola
24、s Epley oversaw akey studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather thathave people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he askedthem to identify an original photogragh of themselves from alineup including versions that had been altered to appear more andless attractive. Visual
25、recognition, reads the study, is “anautomatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitivelywith little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjectsquickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- theygenuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found nosignif
26、icant gender difference in responses. Nor was there anyevidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, theparticipants who thought the most positively doctored picture werereal) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In factthose who thought that the images higher up the attrac
27、tivenessscale were real directly corresponded with those who showed othermakers for having higher self-esteem. “I dont think the findingsthat we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, saysEpley. “Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking wellof themselves. If you are depresse
28、d, you wont be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley s study,it makes sense that whypeople heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, theydont even recognise the person in the picture as themselves,Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancers paradise,where people canshare only the mos
29、t flattering photos, the cream of their wit,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoplesprofiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of WisconMadisonuniversity ,”but they portray an idealized version ofthemselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist havefound that _.
30、A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples_A rapid watchingB conscious choiceC intuitive responseD automatic self-defence28. Eple
31、y found that people with higher self-esteem tendedto_A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaningto_.AinstinctivelyBoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressively30.
32、It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancers paradisebecause people can _.Apresent their dishonest profilesBdefine their traditional life stylesCshare their intellectual pursuitsDwithhold their unflattering sidesText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing tothe economy th
33、e focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband andenergy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder theblame. We have not been good at communicating the real value thathousing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scaleof the typical ho
34、using project. It is hard to shove for attentionamong multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it isinevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps themost significant reason is that the issue has always been sopolitically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation i
35、s desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not buildingenough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for thegovernment to help rectify this. It needs to put historicalprejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgenthousing need.There
36、are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that GeorgeOsborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce moreflexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authoritiescan borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows
37、 that60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years ifthe cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in therental environment, which would have a significant impact on theability of registered providers to fund new developments fr
38、omrevenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measureswould be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the factthat the existing 4.5bn programme of grants to fund newaffordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to beextended beyond then. The Labour party has recent
39、ly announced thatit will retain a large part of the coalitions spending plans ifreturns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we arevery unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector_
40、A has attracted much attentionB involves certain political factorsC shoulders too much responsibilityD has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has_A increased its home supplyB offered spending opportunitiesC suffered government biasesD disappointed the governm
41、ent38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_.A allow greater government debt for housingB stop local authorities from building homesC prepare to reduce housing stock debtD release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environmentwould_.Alower the costs of regi
42、stered providersBlessen the impact of government interferenceCcontribute to funding new developmentsDrelieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after 2015,the governmentmay_.Aimplement more policies to support housingBreview the need for large-scale public grantsCrenew the
43、affordable housing grants programmeDstop generous funding to the housing sector% /H0 e! ) Z“ O some will be less effective than others. Next isreconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, forthe future about what works and what doesnt. Finally, there isperspective, which involves a
44、cknowledging that in the ground schemeof life, one lecture really doesnt matter.page1 s1F- c3 1 - u; X. L! T f0 F8 G【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_，在老年人中，一定程度上超重。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词 语。A 选项 instead 表示逆接的句意关系，B 选项 however 也表示逆接，D 选项 therefore 表示因此，只有 C 选项likewise 意为同样 地; 也，而且。因此正确答案为 C。,S/ q U! T! b* Q3 s
45、% Q% ?0 O4、 【答案 】Aindicator【解析】本句话中，_，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_。A 选项，表示指示器，指标。B 选项 objective 表示客观;C 选 项 origin 表示来源，D 选项 example 表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为 A。5、 【答案 】Dconcern- S7i$ _4 s2 F$ D$ P- u【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C 、assistance(辅助);D、concern( 关注)
46、。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关 注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为 D。6、 【答案 】A interms of) E0p 0 W“ B) D# S% z, A9 y【解析】题干中,肥胖经常_体质指数，或称为 BMI 来定义。A、in termsof ，根据，就而言。B 、In caseof 表示在某种情况下， C、in favorof 表示赞成，以 来取代，D、inrespect of，关于 。因此正确答案为 A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI 作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便
47、日后做题。7、 【答案 】Cequals【解析】本题题干中 BMI_体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了 BMI 指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以 equal 符合题 意。Ameasure(测量)、Bdetermine表示确定;Dmodify( 修订)。句义就是 BMI 等于体重除以身高的平方。8、 【答案 】C inturn【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、inessence(事实上、实际上 );B、incontrast (相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、in part(部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为 C。0w9 “ t2
48、s9 X8 E9、 【答案 】Dstraightforward. m07 x4 3 6 R【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_，实际上不是的。A、complicated(复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward( 直截了当);这里的数字标准指 的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以 A 复杂不正确， B 选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的 BMI 一般 是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D 选项straightforward 表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为 D。.P, U) J% G+ 1 D5 7 e3 n10、【答案 】Bwhile2 a*L# m n“ ( ?“ y% w【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的 BMI，实际上身材正好， _其他人有较低的BMI 指数，可能_。从前半句我们可以
