1、 初中语法 专用学案 1非谓语动词构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamp
2、s are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish,
3、 mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）初中语法 专用学案 2考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant h
4、elp, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+ 动词原形 ，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（to+ ）动词原形 。2、动词不定式的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean
5、 the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在 make，let ，see，hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 t
6、o。定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to l
7、earn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。如：Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope,
8、decide, plan, expect 等。如：初中语法 专用学案 3Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not ）do.I
9、 would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有：一感（feel） 、
10、二听（hear, listen to） 、三让（let, make, have） 、四看（look at, see, watch, notice） 。但变被动语态时，必须加上 to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5.不定式常和疑问词 wha
11、t, which, when, where, how 连用 ，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。实战演练（一）1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating2. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill.A. to have B. of having C. have
12、D. had3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room?初中语法 专用学案 4-Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not _?A. let him to
13、 go home B. to let him go homeC. let him go home D. to let him to go home6. They were made _ fourteen hours a day.A. work B. working C. worked D. to work7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them?A. making B. make C. to make D. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday.A.
14、took; to work out B. takes; worked outC. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out9. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned10. Who do you think youd like _?A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with11. Although Jef
15、f loves KFC, he tries _ it too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat12. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?-This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday.A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done13. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning.A. to write B. to write
16、with C. writing D. writing with14. John asked David how _ Christmas.A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher.A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag.A. for; tell; to
17、take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry17. Have you decided _?A. to go with whom B. whom to go with初中语法 专用学案 5C. whom go with D. with whom to go18. Her hope _ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win19. The meeting room is big enoug
18、h _ one hundred people.A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds20. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelonC. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with21. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish.A. giving B. to give C. gives D.
19、 gave22. The policeman warned the young man_ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive23. What do you think is the best way _the wild animals?A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect24. Id rather _ on the land _ in a factory.A. work; than work B. w
20、ork; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work25. My grandfather is used _ a hat in winter.A. to wear B. for wearing C. wearing D. to wearing26. Im sorry _ you enough help.A. have given B. of not giving C. not to have given D. to have given27. Some students from Grade 9 _ do some _ for the o
21、ld.A. volunteered to; clean B. volunteered; cleaningC. volunteered to; cleaning D. volunteered; clean28. The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew29. Tom is _ to make a living by himself.A. very old B. too young C. too big D. too strong30. I find _ him all a
22、bout it.A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell31. The old man seems _ in a great hurry.初中语法 专用学案 6A. be B. to be C. being D. to being32. I _ the same neighborhood with the lovely girl.A. happened living in B. happened to live in C. was happening liv
23、ing in D. was happening to live33. Its time for supper now. Lets _ it.A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having34. You are not expected _ such long hours.A. to work B. working C. worked D. work 35. His father agreed _ $ 4,000 for the car.A. with paying B. to paying C. to pa
24、y D. on paying36. The man pretended _ when we saw him.A. to be eaten B. eating C. being eating D. to be eating37. He doesnt know _.A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do38. Today we use machines _ us do most of our work.A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped39. She preferred me _ t
25、here.A. to stay B. would stay C. I stay D. stay40. Were going to help _ the trees.A. watered B. watering C. to watering D. water实战演练（二）1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broke
26、n in C. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4.Where is my passport? I remember_ it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. t
27、o put；taking5.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting； painted B. painted； painting初中语法 专用学案 7C. painting； painting D. painted； painted 6.The young trees we planted last week require _with great care.A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D .taken good care of 7. A police
28、man saw two thieves _ a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen8.She returned home only to find the door open and something _ .A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 9.She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to
29、 study B. studying C. to studying D. study 10.It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired11.Its no good _ over split milk.A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry12. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomor
30、row?A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing ; bringing13. The classroom wants _.A. clean B. cleaned C .to clean D. cleaning14. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited15. My brother keeps _ me with my work.A. to help B. help
31、 C. helping D. helped16.We should often practise _ English with each other.A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking17.Keep on _ and you will succeed.A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying18.His parents insist on _ to college.A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go19.The story was so funny t
32、hat we _.A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laughC. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh初中语法 专用学案 820.What about _ to the concert with us ?A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go21._ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping22.Seeing is _.A. to beli
33、eve B. believing C. believed D. being believed23The scientist suggested _ the experiment in a different way.A. do B. to do C. doing D. done24Dont forget _ this book to John when you see him.A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning25Only one of these books is _.A. worth to read B. worth be
34、ing read C. worth of reading D. worth reading26We are both looking forward to _ next week.A. going on vacation B. go on vacationC. be going on vacation D. have gone on vacation27He had no difficulty _ the problems.A. working out B. having worked out C. to have worked out D. to work out28I regretted
35、_ that to her.A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /29. The secretary worked late into the night , _ a long speech for the president .A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing30. Dont have the machine _ all the time . It will go wrong .A. to run B. running C. been run D. run31.
36、The food was delicious . That was a _ meal .A. satisfying B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy32. Look around when _ the street .A. across B. crossing C. crossed D. to be crossing33. In the morning she found her father _ in bed , dead .A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying34. I saw him _ into your roo
37、m when you were not in. A. gone B. going C. went D. to go 35. Please keep quiet. Father is busy _. 初中语法 专用学案 9A. work B. to work C. working D. works36. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning.A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with37. Its time for class. Stop _, please. A. to talk B. ta
38、lk C. talks D. talking 38. You should work tonight instead of _ TV.A. to watch B. watching C. to watching D. watched 39. Listen! Can you hear the girl _ the piano in the next room? A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays40. Mr. Wang came into the office without _ the door. A. knock B. knocking at C.
39、to knock at D. knocking to 实战演练（三）1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning2. You cant have the horse _ all the way. Its too hot.A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running3. When I came back, I found the house _ and everything _.A. was broke
40、n; took away B. broken into; taken awayC. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away4. The house they _ in the floods must be rebuilt before winter comes.A. had washed away B. had to wash away C. had them washed away D. had washed them away5. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground
41、on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set _when I got home.A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing6 Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day?-Yes, and I heard this song _ in English.A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; s
42、inging D. singing; sung7. The money collected should be made good use _ the people in South Asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and tsunami.A. of help B. to help C. to helping D. of to help8. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _ on the bed, with his whole attention _ upon
43、the book 初中语法 专用学案 10about Harry Porter.A. lying; fixing B. lay; fixed C. sitting; to fix D. seated; fixed9. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry10. On my way home; I saw a thief _ money from a lady by
44、the police.A. being caught B. having caught C. caught stealing D. have caught to stealing11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired12. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday.A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ next year.A. carry out B. car
