1、英语试卷 第 1 页（共 10 页）2018 年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英 语 试 卷知识运用（共 14 分）一、 单项填空（共 6 分，每小题 0.5 分）从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.My brother and I like football. _ play it together once a week.AI BThey CWe DYou2.Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift _you.Afor Bin Cwith Dfrom3.-_ do you usually go to school, Mar
2、y?-By bike.AWhen BHow CWhere DWhy4.Many people like pandas _they are cute.Athough Bif Cwhile Dbecause5.I _go now, or Ill miss the train.Acan Bmight Cmust Dcould6.Tony is _of the three boys, but he is the tallest.Ayoung Byounger Cyoungest Dthe youngest7.Bill likes reading. He_ picture books with his
3、dad every evening.Aread Breads Cis read reading Dhas read8. -Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?-I _a movie in the cinema with my friends.Awas watching Bwatch Chave watched Dwill watch9.David is a tennis player. He _to play tennis when he was six years old.Abegins B will begin Cbegan Dhas
4、begun10. -Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?-Yes, he is. He _history for nearly 20 years.Ateaches Bhas taught Cis teaching Dwill teach11.A new international airport _ in the city next year.Acompletes Bis completed Cwill complete Dwill be completed12. -Alice, could you tell me _London?-Sure. Last Sunday.
5、AWhen Mr. Smith left BWhen Mr. Smith will leave 英语试卷 第 2 页（共 10 页）CWhen did Mr. Smith leave DWhen will Mr. Smith leave 二、完形填空（共 8 分，每小题 1 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Real Solutions （解决方法）to ProblemsThirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to
6、learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solution to problems.One day, the team was called for a _ 13_ in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various _ 14_ . As the entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.The manager
7、asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective （各自的）balloons _ 15_ so that the balloons wouldnt blow out . All tired, but not everyone was _ 16_. Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）.Those who failed to make their names on the bal
8、loons were_ 17_ out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were _ 18_ and then put into a room, here and there. The engineers were told to pick the balloons with his or her names on. All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective
9、 balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to _ 19_ the right one. The second level of the game was over.The came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloons and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all the balloons _ 20_th
10、e hands of the respective engineers.The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solution to the problems.13. Agame Bshow Cconcert Dparty14. Apurposes Bsuggestions Cthoughts Dplans15. Aquietly Bcarefully Csecretly Dc
11、learly16. Ahonest Bready Cpatient Dsuccessful17. Achecked Bhelped Cruled Dcheated18. Acollected Bweighted Ctied Dcleaned英语试卷 第 3 页（共 10 页）19. Amark Bhide Cnumber Dfind 20. Afreed Breached Clifted Dhit三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 （共 26 分，每小题 2 分）A21. When did Roger have his birthday
12、party?ALast Wednesday. BLast Thursday.CLast Friday. DLast Saturday.22.Who went on a school field trip last week?AAlan BJessica CSara DRichard23.Martin went to Atlanta to _.Aspeak at a conference Borganize a partyCperform in a competition Dvisit a universityHi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Sat
13、urday. Some of my friends and Alan, my cousin, came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift. We had a party. We played games, sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?Yes. My class were on a school field trip last week. First, w
14、e went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there! Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there.Well. I was lucky enough to go to a conference （会议）on charity （慈
15、善）last Wednesday. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.It was a different week than usual . Last Thursday, my school band（乐队）went to Atlanta to perform in a c
16、ompetition. I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday , we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from all over the world. It was really cool.英语试卷 第 4 页（共 10 页）BA Beautiful MomentWhen I was in high school, I worked part-time helping. Dad sell fruits and veget
17、ables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits, a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom（in French）,“Theyre good!”. I knew it was French ,because
18、 I can speak and understand it.Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out . And she often asked her son if it looked okay
19、, but I looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together,I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the handed them to her mom. The women then felt catch one and smiled, and the d
20、aughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.Their smile and gentle manner moved out me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or
21、 toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits ,as the two kids did.It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language .This is what I regret to this day.24.The woman and her kids came to
22、the market to buy_.Afruits Bvegetables Ccandies Dtoys25.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt _.Aspeak Bsee Csmell Dhear26.The writer was moved because _.Athe mother was brave to face her problem Bthe kids were polite and kind to each other Cthe mother was careful in picki
23、ng out things D the kids were so willing to help their mother英语试卷 第 5 页（共 10 页）CSome primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated （关联
24、）with beneficial effects on cognitive function（认知功能）.This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain, lifelong exposure（接触） to green space in the living places was recorded using the information on the
25、childrens addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging（MRI ）. Working memory and inattentiveness （注意力不集中）were graded with computers .“This is the first study that shows the association between long term exposure to green sp
26、ace and brain structure.”says Dr. Payam Dadvand ,the leading researcher of the study.“Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in brain.”The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and
27、 grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matters in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thoughts to be necessary for br
28、ain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to se
29、arch and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr. Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space o
30、n cognitive development . It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure 英语试卷 第 6 页（共 10 页）to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. A
31、nd researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27.The second paragraph is mainly about_.Ahow the study was performed Bwhat was recorded in the studyChow long the study lasted Dwho took part in the study28.The word “prompt”in Paragraph 6 probably means “
32、_”.Acontrol Bencourage Cbalance D change29.What can we learn from the passage?AWorking memory influences white and grey matter in the brain. BDr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment. C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.D. Living in greener
33、 neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.DWe often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, theres always something staring at us right under our nose but we dont see it. The only time we think of unlockin
34、g our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our
35、lungs have gone bad. We see the warming signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more
36、painful when we ignore(忽视)it.Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize its for our own good.Happy people dont just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. 英语试卷 第 7 页
37、（共 10 页）Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the s
38、ame things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!Self-improvement may not be everybodys favorite word, but if we look at things in a di
39、fferent way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process o
40、f unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take things light and become happy.30.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that _.Awe learn our lessons when we experience painBwe are responsible for the problems we meet Clife fails us when we g
41、et into the wrong wayD life is a long journey full of ups and downs31.What is the key to solving Janes problems ?AShe needs to remember why she started.BShe has to know how to get on with people. CShe has to realize she is not what she is in her story.D She needs to understand the importance of conf
42、idence.32.The writer probably agrees that _.Athe world tells us how to improve ourselvesBpeople change when they find it easy to do thatCwelcoming change in life is a drive to become betterD enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler33.Which of the following would be the best title
43、for the passage ?AIs it important to take things light?BIs it necessary to embrace challenges?CTo hold on to the last moment or give up?D To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?英语试卷 第 8 页（共 10 页）四、阅读短文， 根据短文内容回答问题。 （共 10 分， 每小题 2 分）When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homewor
44、k, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so ?In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters simply stand for “fail”. The word “fail ”happens to star with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that
45、any letter can mean “not passing” or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.Even with that all this said, we should also point out E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.The first college in the US
46、 to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Monut Holyoke College. In 1897,the began to use the following grading scale:A:95-100%（excellent ） B: 85-94%（good） C: 76-84%（fair ）D: 75%（barely passed） E: below 75%（failed ）We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.Gradually , the letter
47、 grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence （证据）to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “Excellent”.Why do we have letter grades ? Well, part of the reason is that the
