1、2014 仁爱英语八年级下册 语法复习及配套练习一，系动词及用法。大多数联系动词后面接形容词，seem 后还可接不定式, be 后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。初中阶段常见的联系动词有 be , look(看起来)，seem（似乎，好像） ，feel(感觉，感到)，sound(听起来)，smell（闻起来） ，taste （尝起来） ，get(变)，become(变得，成为)，turn(变)，go（变） ，grow( 变)，等。表示变化的系动词的区别：天气变化用 get; 颜色的变化用 turn; 由好变坏用 go; 逐渐变化用 grow; 好变坏、坏变好
2、用become 或 get;成为用 become.翻译下列句型：1, 面包变酸了（sour）._1. 这朵花闻起来很香(sweet_2. 这种食物尝起来是咸的（salty）_3. 那个妇女疯了。_4. 她似乎很担心。_ 5. 她感到烦恼。_ 6. 这首歌听起来很动听。_7. 树木变得越来越绿。_8. 他变得越来越老。_9. 天气变得越来越暖和。_10. 似乎要下雨。_11. 保持健康。 _12. 最后，她成为了一名女警察。_13. 我感到失望。_二，状语从句种类 连接词 注意点时间状语 when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, 主句表示将来意
3、义时，从句须用一般现在时；while 引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until 用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语 where, 原因状语 because, as, since, because 语气最强，since 较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as 又次之。条件状语 if, unless, as long as, 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替目的状语 so that, in order that, so that 和 in order that 后常接 may, should, could, would 等情态动词结果状语 sothat,
4、suchthat 状语从句时间状语从句，其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点：1 until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard _ 12 oclock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He _ go to bed_ until his mother came back.2 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般
5、过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday. as 强调随着时间推移，当时。考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.if it rains, he will not come.原因状语从句中主要是 because， 因为.表达的因果关系最强，如： He didnt pass the exam because he didnt
6、 study hard since 应译为“ 既然 “，如：Since you were ill yesterday, I left some notes on your desk. as 应译为“ 由于“，如： As it is too hot wed better go swimming.since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college.比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as， 要注意的有两点：as as 中间要用原级而不是比较
7、级。 用形容词还是副词，如：Mary writes as carefully as Tom.Mary is as careful as Tom. 状语从句练习1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; i
8、s D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him.A. will fall; to help B. falls; to helpC. will fall; help D. falls; helping4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young.A. what B. which C. where D. who5. We will stay at h
9、ome if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green.A. not; before B. dont; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.
10、A. when B. that C. until D. because8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow.A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make.A. careful; little B. more careful; fewestC. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less10. You should finish your lesson
11、s _ you go out to paly.A. before B. after C. when D. while11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. which B. that C. where D. though13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the stude
12、nts could hear him.A. for B. so that C. because D. in order14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot.A. because B. as C. if D. since15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk.A. a lovely day B. too lovely a dayC. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at
13、her office all day.A. such B. so C. too D. very17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.A. So long as B. In order thatC. No m
14、atter how D. The moment20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing.A. will get B. get C. getting D. got二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生都很喜欢她。Mrs Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they all_ her very much .2. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our
15、 best.3. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.4. 虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。_ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.5. 他长大后想当一名老师。He wants to be a teacher _ _ _ _.6 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。_ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.7.
16、李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.三，宾语从句1. 宾语从句的连接词宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。根据宾语从句原先（做宾语之前）的句式，我们把宾语从句分为三类。1）. 宾语从句原先是陈述句的，由 that 连接。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said. He wanted to stay at home. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know. She is serious
17、ly ill. She doesnt know_I am sure . He will succeed. I am sure _.2）. 宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的，由其本身疑问词连接。连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know ？Who (whom) are they waiting for?Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?Can you tell me? Where is th
18、e No.3 bus stop ? _ I dont know. Why is the train late?_3）.宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的， 由 if 或 whether。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know. Does he live there? I want to know if he lives there?He asked me. Was there a book store on Center Street? _2. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句（主谓式）的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn
19、t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.3. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的
20、时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month o
21、f the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.宾语从句的口诀：学习宾从要注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意。主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。宾从所示表真理，时态不变不怀疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否 ”时，if/whether 要牢记。特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题要记牢，切莫丢东又往西。宾语从句( )1They want to know _ do to help us. A. what they c
22、an B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they ( )2His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching. A. didnt think; was; that B. thought was; whether C. didnt think; was; D .thought; wasnt; ( )3_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连
23、接词、语序和时态。 1.引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词 that 或将 that 省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词 if 或 whether。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择 what, when, where, which, who, how 等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当 who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他2.判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。（ ）1 The teacher told the chil
24、dren that the sun_ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are ( ) 2 I believe that our team_ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins ( ) 3 I dont know_ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 3.宾语从句的用法1that 引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外： (1)介词宾语从句的 that 不省略 (2)and 连接的几个从句，第二个从句以
25、后的从句的 that 不省略。 He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. (3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+ 宾语从句结构中，that 不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： (1)whether 从句中有 or not (2)介词后用
26、whether. Eerything depends on whether you agree with us 3宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering _ finish this difficult job. 4 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 即否定前移。F: I think he doesnt like the English teacher. . T: I _ think he _ the English tea
27、cher.5. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know _ _ _ crying in the corner.宾语从句练习题从下列 A、B、C 、D 中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2.
28、 I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he me
29、nded D. what he mended 5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave
30、C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stock
31、ings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means II. 按要求转换句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. B
32、rown _ living in China? 2. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They we
33、nt home after they had finished their homework. (用 not until 改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案： I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBD II. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwheth
34、er; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didnt; until 6. whether; came四，形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er 和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加 more 和 most。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及 not so(as)as 如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, a bit, a little3. 表示一
35、方随另一方变化时用“the +比较级the +比较级”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下 2 种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours.副词比较级基本用法。副词的比较等级形式与变化与形容词大致相同，以后缀-ly 结尾的比较级和最高级
36、大多在前面加 more 和 most (1) 原级。As + adj. / adv. 原级+ as 和一样。(2) 比较级。 Adj. / adv. 比较级 + than 比更(3) 最高级。三者或三者以上比较时，常用 the + adj. / adv. 最高级 + in/of（比较范围）副词最高级前可以省略 the *否定比较级可用 less + adj. / adv. 原级+ than.*同级比较中第一个 as 前面用序数词或量词修饰，可表示倍数关系。*形容词和副词比较级前用 much a lot 等修饰，表示不同程度。*借助 other、else 或否定词，比较级形式可用来表示最高级概念
37、。(4) the + 比较级，the + 比较级。 表示 越越(5) 比较级 + and + 比较级。 表示 越来越形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表示 A 与 B 在某方面相同。asas,not as/so as .注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如. less+原形，否定的比较级.eg. This book isnt as interesting as that one = This book is _ _ _ that one.=That book is _ _ _this one.2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与 than 连用）Which is _
38、useful, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的 in , of 短语连用）1)Shanghai is the _(big) city in China.2)He runs _(fast) in our class.3)He is the _(tall) of the three boys.4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级 and 比较级” 表示 “越来越”lazier and lazier 越来越懒. 注意：多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + (形、副). more an
39、d more beautiful 越来越漂亮2) “the 比较级，the 比较级 ” “越，越”_ you are, _ you will get.你越懒，收获越少。注意: the 后是用形容词还是副词。你越细心。The more _ you are. =The more _ you do.3) “the 比较级 of +二者” “二者中较的一个”Lucy is the _(young) of the twins.4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”他比我高一个头。Hes a _ _ than me.My brother is_ _ _ than me.(大两岁)5)表示 “是几
40、倍”时用“twice; three times 等 + asas”This book _ _ as _ as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。He has _ _ as _ books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别 older / elder 与 farther / furtherolder（年龄较老的） elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My _ brother is _ than me.farther (指距离“较远的” )further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)1)He went abroad for _ studies.2)Bei
41、jing is _ from our hometown than Chongqing. 形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用 a little 一点儿; much / a lot ; even / still，表示“；得多 ； 更.1) a little bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多 3)even heavier 更重但注意：不能在比较级前加 so; too; very; quite 等。这些词用在原形前。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即 as; than 后的词应与主语是 The 同类事物） ，注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones。My
42、hair is longer than _ (she)The silk or woolen scarves feel softer than _ made of cotton.3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( )正：Betty is cleverer than _ _ student in her class.= Betty is cleverer than ( _ ) _ students in her class.
43、=Betty is cleverer than _ _ in her class.= _ _ is clever than Betty.=Betty is the _in her class.2)China is bigger than _ _ in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3) China is bigger than _ _ _in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( ) (all her sisters 已排除了 Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of all the siste
