1、- 1 -完形填空说明文说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：1. 开头点题在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。2.结构清晰说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3.难度较大说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。4.遣词用字简练说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程
2、及其规律。5.条理清晰说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。【解题技巧】1. 快速弄清文章大意对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持
3、句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章- 2 -进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）
4、符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。Cloze 1（2016上海卷）体 裁 文 章 话 题 词 数 建 议 时间难 度 自 测 正 确率说 明 文 一 种 新 型 管 理 理 论 授 权管 理 及 其 作 用 。382 15 分 钟 In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinc
5、tively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to wo
6、rk effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制- 3 -的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative na
7、ture of decision-making all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more
8、effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the tr
9、end towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than
10、 has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people lin
11、ked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degreeD.
12、extreme 3. A. vice versa B. for example C. howeverD. otherwise4. A. outside B. inside C. below- 4 -D. above 5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managingD. encouraging 6. A. refer B. contribute C. objectD. apply7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression8. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D.
13、male 9. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-t
14、o-dayD. on-the-scene15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。- 5 -正确。5. C 根 据 前 段 可 知 本 文 讨 论 的 是 管 理 学 的 理 论 ， 此 处 是 说 ， 不 同 的 文 化 中 有 不 同 的 管 理 人的 方 法 。 故 C 项正确。6. B refer to 提到，谈到；contribute to 做贡献，导致； object to 反对；apply to 适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管
15、理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故 B 项正确。7. A agreement 同意；practice 练习，做法；election 选举；impression 印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故 A 项正确。12. B economically 经济地；traditionally 传统地；inadequately 不充分地；occasionally 偶尔地。根据后句 Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control 可知授
16、权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故 B 项正确。13. D deny 否认；admit 承认；assume 假定，设想；ensure 保证，确保。授权管理是一种- 6 -新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D 正确。14. A virtual 虚拟的；ineffective 无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day 日常的；on-the-scene 现场的。根据后句 where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their ow
17、n houses 可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A 项正确。15. C opinion 观点；risk 冒险；performance 表现；attractiveness 魅力。根据后半句in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故 C 项正确。Cloze 2（2014新课标全国卷 I）体 裁 文 章 话 题 词 数 建
18、议 时间难 度 自 测 正 确率说 明 文 各 种 形 式 的 活 动 ， 如 果 人 们经 常 做 ， 都 会 产 生 厌 倦 情 绪 。249 17 分 钟 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 .For example, on Christmas morning, children ar
19、e excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it a
20、nd brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨) about t
21、he - 7 -long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their drivers licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things, which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pas
22、times become as boring as the jobs they 19 .And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 .1. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power2. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages3. A. working B. living C. playing D. going4. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow5. A. same B. extra
23、 C. funny D. expensive6. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled7. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main8. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly9. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game10. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement11. A. graduat
24、ion B. independence C. responsibility D. success12. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees13. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely14. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered15. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan16. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct17. A. time B. m
25、oney C. skills D. knowledge18. A. only B. well C. even D. soon19. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit20. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues- 8 -【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。1. A 其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语 As a general rule，本空填 principle 呼应名词 rule。13. B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，
26、他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly渴望地，符合文意。14. B obtain得到。这里指考取驾照。15. D 在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。16. A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。17. A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。18. D 但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。- 9 -19. C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。20. B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys
27、)，寻求刺激了。Cloze 3（2012新课标全国卷）体 裁 文 章 话 题 词 数 建 议 时间难 度 自 测 正 确率说 明 文 身 势 语 在 交 际 中 的 重 要 性 246 18 分 钟 Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 2 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语) communicati
28、on takes up about 50% of what we really 3 . And body language is particularly 4 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 5 a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 6 , different societies treat the
29、 7 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 8 contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with 9 . People from Latin American countries, 10 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in 11 , it may look like a Latino is 12 a Norwegian all over t
30、he room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 13 . The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 14 which the Latino will in return regard as 15 .Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 16 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when par
31、ties are from 17 cultures, theres a strong possibility of 18 . But whatever the situation, the best 19 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 20 .1. A. straighter B. louder C. harderD. further- 10 -2. A. sounds B. invitations C. feelings D. messages3. A. hope B. receive C.
32、discover D. mean4. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult5. A. well B. far C. much D. long6. A. For example B. Thus C. However D. In short7. A. trade B. distance C. connections D. greetings8. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone9. A. strangers B. relatives C. neighbours D. enemies10
33、. A.in other words B. on the other handC.in a similar way D.by all means11. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment12. A. disturbing B. helping C. guiding D. following13. A. closer B. faster C.in D. away14. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out15. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness16. A. talk B.travel C. laugh D. think17. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich18. A. curiosity B. excitementC. misunderstanding D. nervousness19. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice20. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased
