1、Mechanical and Material Requirements for Metric Externally Threaded Steel Fasteners公制外螺纹钢制紧固件机械性能与材料要求1. Scope 范围1.1 This SAE Standard covers the mechanical and material requirements for eight property classes of steel, externally threaded metric fasteners in sizes M1.6 through M36, inclusive, and s
2、uitable for use in automotive and related applications.本 SAE 标准涵盖汽车及相关工业使用，尺寸在 M1.6 到 M36 钢铁外螺纹紧固件的八个性能等级的机械性能与材料要求。1.2 Products included are bolts, screws, studs, U-bolts, preassembled screw and washer assemblies (sems), and products manufactured the same as sems except without washer.产品包括：螺栓、螺钉、螺柱
3、、U 型螺栓、预装配的螺钉和垫片组件以及与预装配组件一样加工的无垫圈产品。1.3 Products not covered are tapping screws, thread-rolling screws, and self-drilling screws. Mechanical and material requirements for these products are covered in other SAE documents.产品不包括自攻螺钉、自挤螺钉、钻尾螺钉。这些产品的机械性能与材料要求包含在SAE 另外的标准中。1.4 The term stud as referred
4、to herein, applies to a cylindrical rod of moderate length, threaded on either one or both ends or throughout its entire length. It does not apply to headed, collared, or similar products which are more closely characterized by requirements shown herein for bolts.螺柱这里是指适用于中等长度圆柱杆，螺纹在一端有或两端都有，或全螺纹的产品
5、。它并不适用于有头的、带定位的或类似于本文中所要求的螺栓特性近似的产品。1.5 For specification purposes, this document treats U-bolts as studs. Thus, wherever the word studs appears, U-bolts is also implied. U-bolts covered by this document are those used primarily in the suspension and related areas of vehicles. (Designers should reco
6、gnize that the U configuration may not sustain a load equivalent to two bolts or studs of the same size and grade; thus actual load-carrying capacity of U-bolts should be determined by saddle load tests.)为了规范，本标准将 U 型螺栓是为螺柱。因此，本文中涉及到的螺柱要求，U 型螺栓同样适用。本文所提及的 U 型螺栓是使用于车辆悬挂位置或相关位置的产品。 （设计者应了解到同样尺寸、等级的 U
7、型螺栓与两个螺栓或螺柱的载荷是不相等的，因此，U 型螺栓的实际承载应以鞍型荷重测试方法来判定。2 References 参考资料2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.适用版本- 下列出版物作为本标准的一部分。除非另有规定，应采用 SAE 最新
8、版本标准。2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE 美国汽车工程协会出版物SAE J121MDecarburization in Hardened and Tempered Metric Threaded Fasteners 公制螺纹紧固件淬硬和回火的脱碳要求SAE J123Surface Discontinuities on Bolts, Screws, and Studs in Fatigue Applications 用于疲劳载荷的螺栓、
9、螺钉及螺柱的表面不连续性SAE J429Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded Fasteners外螺纹紧固件的机械性能及材料要求SAE J1061Surface Discontinuities on General Application Bolts, Screws, and Studs通用螺栓、螺钉及螺柱的表面不连续性2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
10、959.ASTM 美国材料与试验协会出版物ASTM A 307Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 psi Tensile抗拉强度 60kpsi 碳钢螺栓、螺柱的相关规范要求ASTM A 354Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other ExternallyThreaded Fasteners淬火和回火合金钢螺栓、螺柱和其他外螺纹紧固件的标准规范ASTM A 449Specification for Quenched
11、 and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs淬火和回火钢制螺栓及螺柱的标准规范ASTM F 606MStandard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and Rivets测定外螺纹及内螺纹紧固件、垫圈及铆钉的机械特性的试验方法(米制)2.1.3 ASME PUBLICATION Available from ASME, 345 East 47 Street, New York,
12、NY 10017-2330.ASME 美国机械工程师协会出版物ASME B18.2.13. Designations 标示3.1 Property classes are designated by numbers where increasing numbers generally represent increasing tensile strengths. The designation symbol consists of two parts:性能等级由数字标示，数字越大通常代表抗拉强度越大。标示符号由两部分组成：a. The first numeral of a two-digit
13、symbol or the first two numerals of a three-digit symbol approximates 1/100 of the minimum tensile strength in MPa.二个数字符号的第一个数或三个数字符号的前两位数接近最小抗拉强度（MPa）的1/100。b. The last numeral approximates 1/10 of the ratio expressed as a percentage between minimum yield stress and minimum tensile stress.最后一个数字约 1
14、/10 的比率表示为最小屈服强度与最小抗拉强度指间的百分比。3.2 For specification purposes (on engineering drawings, purchase orders, etc.) all property class designations are used in combination with a single basic specification number as follows:为了规范（在工程图、采购订单等文件中），所有性能等级标示使用由单个基本规范的数字组合，如下所示：SAE J1199 (4.6)SAE J1199 (4.8)SAE
15、J1199 (5.8)SAE J1199 (8.8)SAE J1199 (9.8)SAE J1199 (10.9)3.3 Property Classes 性能等级3.3.1 Machine screws are normally available only in classes 4.8 and 9.8; other bolts, screws, and studs are available in all classes within the specified product size limitations given in Tables 1A and 1B.机械螺钉通常仅适用于 4.
16、8 级和 9.8 级；其他螺栓、螺钉和螺柱适用于表 1A 和表 1B 所规定所有等级。3.3.2 Screw and washer assemblies (sems) are covered by classes 4.8 and 9.8 and allowable deviations from normal 9.8 requirements are stated in footnotes throughout the document.螺钉和垫片组件涵盖在 4.8 级和 9.8 级中，偏离正常 9.8 级的允差要求在整篇文档有脚注。3.3.3 At the option of the man
17、ufacturer, class 5.8 may be supplied with either class 4.6 or 4.8 is ordered, and class 4.8 may be supplied when class 4.6 is ordered.供应商可自行选择：4.6 级或 4.8 级订单产品可按 5.8 级提供；4.6 级订单产品可按 4.8 级提供。3.4 Conversion Guidance 转换指导3.4.1 For guidance purposes only, to assist designers in selecting a property clas
18、s:仅为引导目的，以协助设计者选着性能等级：a. Class 4.6 is approximately equivalent to SAE J429, Grade 1 and ASTM A 307, Grade A.4.6 级性能强度近似于 SAE J429 等级 1 和 ASTM A307 等级 A 的性能强度 。b. Class 5.8 is approximately equivalent to SAE J429, Grade 2.5.8 级性能强度近似于 SAE J429 2 级的性能强度。c. Class 8.8 is approximately equivalent to SAE
19、J429, Grade 5, and ASTM A 449.8.8 级性能强度近似于 SAE J429 5 级和 ASTM A 499 的性能强度。d. Class 9.8 has properties approximately 9% stronger than SAE J429, Grade 5, and ASTM A 449.9.8 级机械性能强度比 SAE J429 5 级和 ASTM A 499 的强度高约 9%。e. Class 10.9 is approximately equivalent to SAE J429, Grade 8, and ASTM A 354, Grade
20、BD.10.9 级性能近似于 SAE J429 8 级和 ASTM A 354 BD 级的性能强度。表 1A螺栓、螺钉和螺柱的机械性能要求性能等级 公称直径全尺寸产品保证载荷Mpa(1)全尺寸产品最小抗拉强度 Mpa(1)加工试样产品（尺寸大于 M24）最小屈服强度Mpa加工试样产品（尺寸M24）最小抗拉强度Mpa（2）加工试样产品（尺寸M24）最小伸长率%加工试样产品（尺寸M24）最小端面收缩率%4.6 M5 到 M36 225 400 240(3) 400 22 354.8 M1.6 到 M16 310 420 - - - -5.8 M5 到 M24(4) 380 520 - - - -8
21、.8 M17 到 M36 600 830 660 830 12 359.8 M1.6 到 M16（5） 650 900 - - - -10.9 M6 到 M36 830 1040 940 1040 9 351. 全尺寸产品每一性能等级的保证载荷及抗拉强度值见表 5。2. 屈服强度是应力发生在 0.2%的永久变形的量具长度计算所得的应力。3. 屈服点适用于替代屈服强度在 0.2%偏移量的 4.6 级产品。4. 5.8 级适用于产品长度150mm 的螺栓及螺钉，以及所有长度的螺柱。5. 对于 9.8 级的螺钉与垫片组件产品，基材硬度可在 25-40HRC(270-390HV)之间，表面硬度不能超过
22、 60 HR30N. 此要求同样适用于和组件一样加工的无垫片，尺寸在 M1.6 到 M12 的产品。表 1B螺栓、螺钉和螺柱的机械性能要求性能等级 公称直径最大表面洛氏硬度 30N产品洛氏硬度最小 （1）产品洛氏硬度最大产品维氏硬度最小 （1）产品维氏硬度最大4.6 M5 到 M36 - B67 B87 120 1804.8 M1.6 到 M16 - B71 B87 130 1805.8 M5 到 M24(2) - B82 B95 160 2208.8 M17 到 M36 （3） C23 C34 254 3369.8 M1.6 到 M16（4） （3） C27 C36 279 35410.9
23、M6 到 M36 （3） C33 C39 327 3821. 如果最小抗拉强度满足要求，最小硬度值不予要求。2. 5.8 级适用于产品长度150mm 的螺栓及螺钉，以及所有长度的螺柱。3. 表面硬度不得超过多于两点测得的基材硬度（洛氏 C 相当），10.9 级情况下也不得超过 59 HR30N.4. 对于 9.8 级的螺钉与垫片组件产品，基材硬度可在 25-40HRC (270-390HV)之间，表面硬度不能超过 60 HR30N. 此要求同样适用于和组件一样加工的无垫片，尺寸在 M1.6 到 M12 的产品。3.4.2 Note that class 8.8 is applicable to
24、 sizes above 16 mm, and class 9.8 is applicable to sizes 16 mm and smaller.8.8 级适用于尺寸大于 16mm 的产品，9.8 适用于尺寸 16mm 的产品。4 Materials and Processes 材料及流程4.1 Steel CharacteristicsBolts, screws, and studs shall be made of steel conforming to the description and chemical composition requirements specified in
25、 Table 2 for the applicable property class.钢材特性- 螺栓、螺钉和螺柱材料应符合表 2 中各相应等级的相关说明及化学成分要求。性能等级 说明与化学成分4.6 和 4.8 供应商自选-低、中碳钢（所有尺寸），成分要求： C:0.55、P: 0.048，S: 0.0585.8 供应商自选-低、中碳钢（所有尺寸），成分要求： C:0.13-0.55、P:0.048，S:0.058;仅对螺柱: S:0.338.8供应商自选-中碳钢（所有尺寸），成分要求：C:0.28-0.55、P:0.048，S:0.058，仅对螺柱: S:0.13；中碳合金钢（尺寸M24）
26、，成分要求：C:0.28-0.55、P:0.040，S:0.045；客户指定材料-低碳马氏体钢（尺寸M20）, 成分要求：C:0.15-0.27, Mn:0.74-1.46, P: 0.038, S:0.048, B:0.0005-0.003 (1);中碳硼钢（尺寸M24）, 成分要求：C:0.25-0.40, Mn:0.74 P:0.048, S:0.058, B:0.0005-0.003 (1);9.8供应商自选-中碳钢（所有尺寸），成分要求：C:0.28-0.55, P:0.048, S:0.058;仅对螺柱: S:0.13；对螺钉与垫片组件产品以及和组件一样加工的无垫片产品，尺寸M12
27、，碳含量可 0.15-0.40，见表 6 注 2；客户指定材料-低碳马氏体钢（尺寸M20）, 成分要求：C:0.15-0.27, Mn:0.74-1.46, P: 0.038, S:0.048, B:0.0005-0.003 (1);中碳硼钢（尺寸M24）, 成分要求：C:0.25-0.40, Mn:0.74 P:0.048, S:0.058, B:0.0005-0.003 (1);10.9供应商自选-中碳合金钢（所有尺寸），成分要求：C:0.28-0.55, P:0.040, S:0.045, 细晶粒;淬硬性47HRC (2)SAE 1541 或 SAE 1541 H (尺寸M12), 细晶
28、粒；客户指定材料-碳钢（尺寸M20）,细晶粒； 低碳马氏体钢（尺寸M20）,成分要求：C:0.15-0.27, Mn:0.74-1.46, P:0.038, S:0.048, B:0.0005-0.003(1), 淬硬性40HRC (2);中碳硼钢（尺寸M24）, 成分要求： C:0.25-0.40, Mn:0.74 P:0.048, S:0.058, B:0.0005-0.003(1), 淬硬性40HCR (2)。1. 由低碳马氏体钢和中碳硼钢制造的产品须按照表 6 注 1 的要求进行标识识别。2. 钢材须有淬硬性，淬硬性能产生最小硬度值（洛氏硬度 C）,此硬度测与螺栓、螺钉或螺柱（淬火后）
29、螺纹端一个公称直径横切面的中心位置。4.2 Heading practice 头部成型4.2.1 Methods other than upsetting and/or extrusion are permitted only by special agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.有别于一般镦锻成型或挤压成型以外的成型方式需经过买卖双方同意方可执行。4.2.2 Class 4.6 may be hot or cold headed at option of the manufacturer.4.6 级的产品用热锻或冷锻，由制造方决定。4
30、.2.3 Class 4.8, 5.8, 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9 bolts and screws in sizes up to M20 inclusive, and lengths up to 10 times the nominal product size or 150 mm, whichever is shorter, shall be cold headed, except that they may be hot headed by special agreement of the purchaser. Larger sizes and longer lengths
31、may be cold or hot headed at option of the manufacturer.4.8、5.8、8.8、9.8 和 10.9 级螺栓、螺钉，尺寸M20、长度是小于等于产品公称尺寸10 倍或150mm 须冷镦成型，客户特别要求热锻成型的除外。大尺寸或较长尺寸的产品则可由制造者自行决定使用冷锻或热锻成型。4.3 Threading Practice Class 4.8, 5.8, 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9 bolts and screws in sizes up to M20 inclusive, and lengths up to 150 mm inc
32、lusive, shall be roll threaded, except by special agreement. Threads of all sizes of class 4.6 bolts and screws and class 4.8, 5.8, 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9 bolts and screws in sizes over M20 and/or lengths longer than 150 mm, may be rolled, cut, or ground, at option of the manufacturer. Threads of all cl
33、asses and sizes of studs may be rolled, cut, or ground at option of the manufacturer.螺纹成型 4.8、5.8、8.8、9.8 和 10.9 级螺栓、螺钉，尺寸M20，长度150mm, l 螺纹须滚制成型，客户特殊要求除外。4.6 级螺栓、螺钉所有尺寸的螺纹，4.8、5.8、8.8、9.8和 10.9 级的螺栓、螺钉的螺纹，尺寸M20 级及/或长度150mm, 可采用滚制、切削或磨削方式进行制造，由制造商自行决定。所有等级及所有尺寸的螺柱的螺纹可采用滚制、切削或磨削方式进行制造，由制造商自行决定。4.4 Hea
34、t Treatment Practice 热处理4.4.1 Class 4.6 bolts and screws and class 4.6, 4.8, and 5.8 studs need not be heat treated. Class 4.8 and 5.8 bolts and screws shall be stress relieved if necessary to assure the soundness of the head to shank junction. When specified by the purchaser, class 5.8 bolts and sc
35、rews shall be stress relieved at a minimum stress relief temperature of 470 C. Where higher temperatures are necessary to relieve stresses in severely upset heads, mechanical requirements shall be agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser.等级 4.6 的螺栓、螺钉以及等级 4.6、4.8 和 5.8 级的螺柱不需要热处理。4.8 和 5.8 级的螺栓、螺钉如
36、必要的话须消除应力，以保证头杆连接处的稳固性。如买方特别指定，5.8 级螺栓、螺钉应在最小 470温度下消除应力。当需要更高的温度来消除应力时，机械性能要求须买卖双方达成一致。4.4.2 Class 8.8 and 9.8 bolts, screws, and studs shall be heat treated, quenched in oil or water-base quenchant at the option of the manufacturer, and tempered at a minimum tempering temperature of 425 C for clas
37、s 8.8 and 410 C for class 9.8. For class 9.8 screw and washer assemblies (sems), quenchants whose principal constituent is water shall NOT be used, and tempering temperature shall be no less than 340 C. See also 4.4.5.8.8 和 9.8 级螺栓、螺钉及螺柱应进行热处理，油淬或水淬供应商自行决定，8.8 级最小回火温度 425、9.8 级最小回火温度 410。对于 9.8 级螺钉与
38、垫片组件不得使用主要成分为水的淬火介质，回火温度不得低于 340。亦可见 4.4.5。4.4.3 Medium carbon alloy steel class 10.9 bolts, screws, and studs shall be heat treated, oil quenched, and tempered at a minimum tempering temperature of 425 C. Low-carbon martensite steel class 10.9 bolts, screws, and studs shall be heat treated, quenche
39、d in oil or water-base quenchant at the option of the manufacturer, and tempered at a minimum tempering temperature of 340 C. See also 4.4.5.10.9 级中碳合金钢螺栓、螺钉应进行热处理，淬火介质油，最小回火温度 425。10.9级低碳马氏体钢螺栓、螺钉和螺柱应进行热处理，油淬或水淬制造商自行决定，回火温度不得低于 340。亦可见 4.4.5。4.4.4 Under no circumstances should heat treatment or car
40、bon restoration be accomplished in the presence of nitrogen compounds, such as carbonitriding or cyaniding.在任何情况下的热处理或碳恢复须在氮化合物存在下完成，如碳氮共渗或 氰化处理。4.4.5 Tempering Temperature Audit Test (for checking whether products have been tempered at specified temperature). Conduct hardness test (ASTM F 606M) on
41、one or more bolts, screws, or studs; retemper the product(s) at a temperature 10 C less than the specified minimum tempering temperature for 30 min; repeat product hardness test. The difference between the mean hardnesses (before and after retempering) shall be no greater than 2 points Rockwell C (a
42、pproximately 20 Vicker points).回火温度监视测试（检查产品是否按技术规定的温度进行回火）。在一个或多个螺栓、螺钉或螺柱上进行硬度测试（依据标准 ASTM F 606M）；重回火产品回火温度低于最小规范温度 10；然后对回火产品进行硬度测试。平均硬度之间的差异（重回火前后的硬度）不得超过两个 HRC 硬度点（大约 20 个维氏硬度点）。5 Mechanical and Physical Properties 力学与物理性能5.1 Mechanical Bolts, screws, and studs shall be tested in accordance wit
43、h the mechanical testing requirements for the applicable type, property class, size, and length of product as specified in Tables 3A and 3B, and shall meet the mechanical requirements specified for that product in Tables 1A and 1B.力学性能- 螺栓、螺钉和螺柱应按表 3A 和 3B 规定的机械性能测试要求对相应类型、等级、公称尺寸和长度进行测试，并满足表 1A 和 1
44、B 规定的产品机械性能要求。5.2 DecarburizationUnless otherwise specified, class 8.8 and 9.8 products shall conform to decarburization class 1/2H and Class 10.9 products shall conform to decarburization class 2/3H as specified in SAE J121M.脱碳- 除非另有规定，8.8 和 9.8 级产品脱碳等级应符合 SAE J121M 规定的 1/2H 级，10.9 级产品脱碳等级应符合 2/3H
45、级要求。5.3 Surface Discontinuities 表面不连续性5.3.1 Bolts, screws, and studs of classes 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9 in sizes up to M24 inclusive, and lengths up to 150 mm inclusive, shall not have surface discontinuities exceeding the limits specified in SAE J1061.8.8、9.8、和 10.9 级的螺栓、螺钉和螺柱，尺寸M24，长度150mm ，表面不连续性不得超过
46、SAE J1061 规定的限制。Surface discontinuities for sizes and lengths of products not covered in the scope of SAE J1061 shall be within limits specified by purchaser.对于没有含括在 SAE J1061 中的尺寸和长度的产品的表面不连续性限制应满足买方指定的要求。5.3.2 When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinu
47、ities must be more closely controlled, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order. For certain fasteners, this may be done by reference to SAE J123.当适用需要工程要求表面不连续性控制加严时，买方需在最初询盘和采购订单中规定适用限制。对某些紧固件，SAE J 123 可作参考。6 Methods of Test 测试方法6.1 GeneralProce
48、dures for conducting the tests to determine the mechanical properties as specified in Tables 3A and 3B for the applicable product, property class, size, and length are given in ASTM F 606M. Tables 3A and 3B specifies the applicable test method to be followed when determining each mechanical property
49、.通用方法-依据 ASTM F 606M 规程进行测试以确定相应产品、等级、尺寸和长度是否符合表 3A 和 3B 中规定的性能等级。表 3A 和 3B 规定了适用的测试方法以确定每一机械性能。表 3A-螺栓、螺钉和螺柱机械性能测试要求产品性能等级规定的最小产品抗拉强度 kN产品长度（1）产品硬度最大（2）产品硬度最小 （2）表面硬度 （2）（3）全尺寸产品保证载荷测试 (2)全尺寸产品楔形抗拉强度测试 （2） （4）全尺寸产品轴向抗拉强度测试 （2）短螺栓螺钉 所有 所有 小于 2-1/4D . . . - - -特殊头部螺栓螺钉 （5） 所有 所有 所有 . . . - - -所有 450 及以下2-1/4D 至 8D或 200mm, 视何者较长而定. - . 。 . -所有 450 及以下超过 8D 或200mm, 视何者较长，到300mm(含). - . 。 . -所有 450 及以下 超过300mm . - . . A -六角头螺栓螺钉 （6） （7）所有 大于 450 2-1/4D 及以上 . - . 。 A -所有 450 及以下2-1/4D 至 8D或 20
