1、第 1 页 共 16 页八年级英语上册笔记always(总是 ), usually(通常 ), often(经常 ), sometimes(有时 ), hardlyever(几乎不 ), never(从不 )频率副词 助动词、be 动词、情态动词后，行为动词前hardly, never 为否定副词，句中不需再加 no 或 not提问常用 how often均可用现在时、过去时，且 always, never 还用于将来时The woman is very busy, so she seldom(难得，很少 ) watches TV.sometimes 有时 (现在、过去 ) He was so
2、metimes late for school.sometime 某时 (将来、过去 ) He came here sometimesome time 一段时间 (各种时态 ) He will stay there for some time.some times 几次，几倍 He came home some times.hard 困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的 (形容词 ) The ground is too hard to dig.努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地 (副词 ) They tried hard to succeed.hardly =almost not 几乎不，几乎没有 The
3、res hardly any coffee left.=Theres almost no coffee left.ever 曾经 (完成时态 ) Have you ever been there?习惯动作或重复动作 (疑问或否定句 ) Do you ever eat meat?You are hardly ever at home.比以往任何时候，曾经 (比较时加强语气 ) He ran faster than ever.用于 why,when 等词后，表惊讶 ”究竟，到底” When ever did you leave?for ever 永远hardly ever 几乎从来不，难得 nev
4、er ever 从不，永不once a week 一周一次 twice a week 一周两次three times a week 一周三次 前面中间均不用介词 once upon a time 从前at once 立刻，马上on/at weekends 周末on the/this/that weekends (在双方都知道的特定周末)go to the movies= see a moive =go to the cinema=watch a movie 去看电影go to the theater 去看戏go to the concert 去听音乐会go to school/college
5、上( 大)学go to church 做礼拜look (有意识地看，强调动作 )看 (不及物 ,接宾语 +at) Please look at my family photo.see (着重看的结果 )看见 see the doctor, see a filmwatch (仔细、欣赏 )观看, (仔细 )查看 watch a play/match/showread 看书，读报，读 (钟表 ) read a book/newspaper/watchexercise 运动，锻炼 (不及物动词 ) He exercises three times a week.运动，锻炼 (不可数名词 ) You
6、should take exercise(=do sports) if want to healthy.练习；操(可数名词 ) Students always have a lot of exercises to do.do eye exercises 做眼保健操do morning exercises 作早操surf 在冲浪 (及物动词 )；冲浪 (不及物动词 ) I like to surf the waves. Look, the boy is surfing.surf the internet =go online 上网go surfing 去冲浪Unit 1 How often do
7、 you exercise第 2 页 共 16 页not 不 (副词，后接动词、形容词、副词 ) no 不,没有 (形容词，作定语，后接可数名词、不可数名词 ) (=not a/an/any) I have no friends No one can do it.不许，不可 (省略句中 ) No smoking！禁止吸烟No photos !禁止拍照Here are倒装句式 主语为代词，全句半倒装结构 Here you are 给你Here he comes 他来了主语为名词，全句全倒装结构 Here are your books.Here comes the bus.result 结果，成绩
8、 (可数名词 ) get good results 取得好成绩listen to the results 听结果the results of 结果as for 至于，就而言 As for English, I like it very much. We all come, but as for him, he didnt come.about 大约 She is about twenty years old.在周围 I lost my pen about the classroom.关于，对于 They are talking about a TV play.注意 on“关于 ”，用于表示严肃
9、或学术性场合，供专门研究用 a speech on Africa history most 多数的，大部分的 Most people think so.最大的，最多的 Who got the most help?大多数，大部分，大多数人(代词) most of the +复数名词 Most of the students like travelling.most of +物主代词+名词 He spends most of his time travelling.most of +宾格代词 Most of us like travelling.非常，很 (副词 )=very Its a most
10、 interesting book.一般现在时经常发生频率副词 always,usually,often,sometimes,every day, every week 等客观真理心理状态和感觉动词无进行时 be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,feel,believe,guess,think,look,see,hear,find,have,sound,taste 等drink 喝 (tea,water,milk,cola,beer,wine液体类 ) eat 吃 (fruit,vegetab
11、les,rice,fish,meet固体类 ) eat/have soup 喝汤 take medicine 喝药have 吃，喝 (三餐 breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner) how long 多久/多长 (for/about +一段时间 meters long)how often 多久一次 (often, twice a week)how soon 多快/过多久 (in+一段时间 )how far 多远 (ten minutes walk)how many 多少 (数词 +可数名词复数 )how much 多少 (钱) (数词 +量词 +不可数名词 /数词 +钱 )
12、go shopping 去购物go skating 去滑冰go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go sightseeing 去观光 do some reading 阅读do some washing 洗涮do some cooking 做饭do some swimming 游泳do some speaking 说话do some listening 多听第 3 页 共 16 页Saying a thing is very different from doing it. Whats the difference between the two words? kind of
13、稍微，有点儿 Im kind of tired 我有点累a kind of 一种all kinds of 各种各样的different/many kinds of 不同种/许多种类Its very kind of you to do thatmaybe 大概，或许 (副词 )=perhaps Maybe you are right.may be (情态动词 +be) You may be right.want sth 想要什么want to do sth 想要做什么=feel like doing=would like to do sthwant sb to do sth 想要某人做某事注意
14、want 侧重主观，need 侧重客观需要 sth want/need doing 主动表被动The flowers want /need watering.=The flowers want/need to be watered.be good for 对有益 be good to 对 好 be good at 擅自 be good with 和 相处得好 health 健康(n) The old man is in good health. keep in good healthhealthy 健康的(adj) My grandma is very healthy. keep health
15、y stay healthypretty 很，相当(adv) The man is pretty old. The book is pretty expensive.pretty 漂亮的，秀丽的(adj) What a pretty girl!eating habits 饮食习惯sleeping pill 安眠药drinking water 饮用水It is a good habit to do sth 做什么是一个好习惯fall/get into the habit of 沾染习惯form the habit of 养成习惯out of habit 出于习惯try (not) to do s
16、th 努力( 不)做某事 I try to answer the question.try doing sth 尝试做某事 He tried swimming across the river.try out 试验 Can I try out your new bicycle?try on 试穿 The dress is very nice. Can I try it on?try ones best to do sth 尽最大努力去做某事 We should try our best to study English well.have a try 尝试一下 look after 照看 lo
17、ok at =have a look at look over 检查 look up (在字典中 )查找 look forward to 期待，盼望 look around/about 环顾 too 肯定句，句中前后用逗，句末前用逗号 He has a knife. I have a knife,too.also 肯定句，实义动词前，系助动词后 Sandy was also at the party.either 否定句，句末前用逗号 He wont go, either.help sb to do sth help sb do sth help sb with sth with ones h
18、elp =with the help of help oneself to 请随便吃些 cant help doing sth 禁不住，情不自禁第 4 页 共 16 页although 虽然，尽管 (从属连词 )=though 不能与 but(并列连词 )同时使用，但可与 still,yet 同时连用 Although he is old, he is still healthy.=He is old, but he is still healthy.注意：because 与 so 不能连用。Because A 句，B 句=A 句，so B 句keep doing sth 持续做某事 (不间断
19、 ) keep on doing sth 反复做某事 (短暂间断 ) keep sb/sth +adj. 使某人保持某种状态 keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止，保护 不受(from) keep up with 赶上keep a shop 开商店keep in touch with 与某保持联系keep an eye on 照看must 必须，应当 (否定 neednt 或 dont have to不必 ) Must I stay here?No.You neednt/dont have to.mustnt 禁止 You mustnt drive so fast.不许开
20、车开得这么快。must 必定会 ,很可能 This dish must be delicious.这道菜肯定好吃Whats wrong with you?Whats the matter/trouble with you?Whats your trouble?Whats up? Unit 2 Whats the matter?have a backache 背痛=have a sore backMy legs hurts.My eyes ache.I have a pain in the arm.give sb advice on sth 给某人提有关某某建议 take ones advice
21、 听从某人的建议advise sb (not) to do sth 建议某人 (不)做某事problem 难以解决难题或问题，与 solve、settle 搭配question 要口头回答的问题，与 ask、answer 搭配trouble 麻烦事，忧虑，与 have、make 搭配feel/be/get tired 感到疲劳be/feel tired of 对感到厌倦be/feel tired with 因劳累believe sb 相信某人(的话) believe in sb 信任某人 lie 躺；位于 laylainlyinglie 说谎lied liedlyingget back=be
22、back=come back=returnI think so.我认为是这样I dont think so.我认为不是这样 类似词：believe, suppose, hope, say 等hope so hope to do sthhope that 从句 (很可能实现的愿望 )hope for sthwish sb to do sthwish sb sthwish to dowish that 从句 (不太可能实现的愿望 )see the doctor =go to the doctorsfor example 举例说明 (只举一个 ) He bought a lot of school
23、things, for example, notebooks.such as 列举同类中的几个例子=like He knows several languages, such as English, French and Russian.It is +adj+ for +sb +to do sth 形容词表事情性质、特征 ：improtant,easy,difficult,hard,necessary 等It is +adj+ of +sb +to do sth 形容词表人的品质、特质 ：kind,wise,clever,good,right,foolish 等第 5 页 共 16 页at t
24、he moment=now 目前 for the moment 暂时 at that moment 在那时at the last moment 在最后关头 a moment ago 刚才just a moment 稍等一下 for a moment 一会儿How/What about(prep) +sb/sth/doing sth?怎么样；对于怎么样How/What about you,Tony?How/What about your exam last week,Kate?How/What about sitting in the garden?How long 多长时间 持续性谓语动词 l
25、ive, stay, study,work,play,等；for +一段时间How long 多长 How long is the river?have a good/rice/great/wonderful time = have fun= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴have a good time/have fun (in) doing sth=enjoy doing sth 很高兴做某事send,give,show,bring,teach,tell + sb + sth= V + sth to sbbuy,sing,make,cook,get + sb for sb My fa
26、ther bought a computer for me.Please send it to him.everybody/everyone 每个人 (谓语用单数，后不能接 of) Everybody/everyone likes children.every one 每个人，每件物 (后能接 of) Every one of us loves the children.get stressed out 变得紧张，有压力的 under stress 在压力之下be sorry to do sth 对做感到遗憾be sorry for sb 对某人感到遗憾be sorry about sth 对
27、某事感到遗憾keep balance 保持平衡a blanced diet 饮食平衡a balance of 的平衡be +V-ing 进行时表预计将来要做的事情，跟将来时间He is leaving Beijing tomorrow. 他明天离开北京summer vacation/holiday 暑假 winter vacation/holiday 寒假take a holiday/vacation 度假 for vacation 度假(表目的) on vacation 度假(表行为进行)holiday 休息日，假日 =vacationfestival (民俗、宗教或喜庆 )日或 (音乐、戏
28、剧、电影等 )会演节日，前常用冠词 a film festival the Spring Festivalday 传统节日或法定节日 Teachers Day Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?go camping 去野营go hiking 去徒步远足go boating 去划船 do some washing 洗衣服do some cooking 煮饭do some shopping 买东西do some cleaning 大扫除do some listening/reading/writing/speaking 多听/ 读/写/说live 长时间
29、居住stay 短暂停留 He lives in Wuhan but now he stays in Beijing.go away 离开=be away=get away take away 拿走run away 跑开第 6 页 共 16 页send sth 发送某物send sb sth=send sth to sb 把某物寄给某人send sb to do sth 派某人做某事send back 送回，退回send for sb 派人去请某人send up 发射，使价格上升年月周前要用 in,星期几号则用 on；泛指上午下午需用 in,具体日子则用 on；午夜黄昏黎明用 atmake a
30、plan 制订计划work out a plan 拟订计划plan to do sth 打算做某事plan for 为作计划plan on (doing) sth 指望，打算be famous for +著名的原因 (特产 ) China is very famous for the Great Wall.Yao Ming is famous for playing basketball.be famous as 以 (身份、职业、产地、地方 )而著名 Yao Ming is famous as a basketball player.spend +时间/金钱+(in) doing sth 花
31、费时间/金钱做某事spend +时间/金钱+on sthleave sth 地方 遗忘某物在某地forget sth 忘带东西think about 从各方面思考think of 想起，考虑think over 仔细考虑think out 想出decide sthdecide to do sthdecide on doing sth 决定做某事decide that 从句V + V-ing 作宾语finish doing sth 完成做某事 practise doing with 练习做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事 keep doin
32、g sth 保持做某事forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave.forget doing sth 忘记做了某事 He forgot going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.forget oneself 忘我，奋不顾身Forget it 别提它了，别在意forgetful 健忘的rent sth from sb 从某人处租用某物rent sth to sb 把某物租给某人ask sb sth 问某人某事 ask sb (not)
33、to do sth 问某人某事 ask for sth 请求某事；要某物 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 get to get arrive in Wuhan(名词 ) arrive home,here,there(地点副词 )reach reachUnit 4 How do you get to school?take the bus=by bus by sea=by ship 乘船take a taxi 乘出租车 by rail=by train 乘火车take the subway 乘地铁 on foot 步行take the plane=by plane=by air 乘飞
34、机 go to school on a/the bus(大型交通工具 )go to school in a/the car(小型交通工具 )第 7 页 共 16 页sb spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth/(in) doing sth I spent 3 hours on my homework yesterday.It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus.sb pay + 金钱 + for sth I paid five yuan for my English book.sth
35、cost sb + 金钱 My English book cost me five yuan.from morning to evening 从早到晚from door to door 挨家挨户from beginning to end 自始至终from time to time 时不时have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner have a quick/light/delicious breakfast 吃了一顿快速/简便/ 丰盛的早餐quick 动作突然迅速、敏捷，强调动作、反应快 a quick workera quick mind a quick answer
36、fast 速度快 a fast sleep 很快入睡 a fast train/plance 快速火车/飞机soon 不久，强调时间短，用于将来时 depend on/upon 取决于；依靠而定 It depends on the weather. be ill in hospital 生病住院a small number of 少量的a number of 许多的a large/geat number of 大量的ride 乘车 ride a horse 骑马 ride a bicycle 骑自行车 ride a motorcycle drive 驾驶车辆 drive a car 开车 dr
37、ive sheep 赶羊stop (市区沿途停靠的 )小站station (停、转车辆的 )车站；局，所stop to do sth 停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的某事part of 部分 a large part of 大部分 Not all/everyone/both =all/everyone/both/always not (部分否定 )并不是所有Not all the answers are right=All the answers arent right.speak to/with sb 对/同某人说话 (能力 ) speak Chinese 讲中文sa
38、y to sb sth (强调说话内容 )talk to/with sb (强调动作 ) talk about sb/sth 谈论某人/某事tell sb sth (双宾 ) tell a story/lie 讲故事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 tell A from B 区分Unit 5 Can you come to my party?be different from 与不同 Bananas are different from oranges. find/know the difference 找到不同点 make a/the difference 有影响；起重
39、要作用 make no difference 无关紧要 Would you like to向别人发出邀请、征求意见 What/How about Shall I(we) May I invite you to Id love/like to, but 否定婉拒回答Maybe some other/another time.Im sorry I cant. I have toIm afraid I cantIm afraid not.Yes,Id love to./Id like to. 接受邀请肯定回答Yes,Its very nice/kind of you.That sounds grea
40、t.That sounds like funIm happy/glad to第 8 页 共 16 页expect,hope,wish,prefer,want,try 等词后动词不定式省略时不能省略 toI havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to (go there).sure 当然可以=certainly=yes (口语肯定回答 ) May I use you pen?-Sure.be sure to do 务必，千万 (祈使句 ) Be sure to give it back in time.sb be sure to do 某人一定会做 Hes s
41、ure to come.sb be sure of/about 一定，肯定 He is sure of success=He is sure that he will succeed.sb be sure that 从句 肯定，有把握 Im sure who he is.have to (客观上 )不得不 (否定 dont have to) Its raining. I have to stay at home.must (主观意愿 )不得不 (否定 dont have to,neednt) You must do your homework first. must not 禁止have/ta
42、ke a piano class 上一节钢琴课 have history lessons 上历史课teach/give sb a lesson 给某人一个教训 learn ones lesson 吸取教训 thanks for 因而感谢 Thanks for helping methanks to 多亏；由于(=because of ) Thanks to your help, we finished it.babysit his sister 临时照看他妹妹invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to somewhere 邀请某人去某地 call on s
43、b 拜访某人 Yesterday I called him.call at somewhere 拜访某地 He called at his Chinese teachers house.call/ring sb (up) phone/telephone sb give sb a call/ring 给某人打电话visit sb 拜访某人visit sw 拜访某地be on a visit to pay a visit togive sb a visit next week 下一周 (以现在为起点 ) the day after tomorrow 后天the next week 第二周 (以某一
44、特定时间为起点 ) a football match 一场足球比赛a box of match 一盒火柴Match words with the pictures 把词和图片搭配起来next,this,last,every,each,any,all 等与时间词连用时前面不加介词We met last week.keep quiet 保持安静 keep open 开着 keep health 保持健康keep sth 保存某物；保管 、借用某物 How long can I keep the book?keep 名词/代词 adj Keep the door open, please.keep
45、(sb) doing sth 使(某人)持续做某事 Dont keep someone waiting so long.第 9 页 共 16 页all my life=the whole life all the day=the whole day 整天all of the students=the whole of the studentscome over to 顺便拜访=call on=drop in；走过来 They will come over to my home for dinner.He came over to me and shook my hand.discuss sth
46、/to do sth/宾语从句 Lets discuss the matter.discuss sth with sb 与某人商讨某事 have a discussion about sth 对某事进行讨论 Unit 6 Im more outgoing than any sister.heavy 胖的；笨重的heavierheaviest thin 瘦的thinner-thinestheavy rain/snow/smoke 大雨/雪/ 浓烟 a serious/bad illness 一场大病a strong wind 一场大风heavy smoker/drinker/eater 烟瘾/酒
47、瘾/ 食量大的人 light rain 小雨have a heavy cold 重感冒heavy/busy traffic 交通拥挤calm (人 )镇静的still (物理上安静状态 )静止的quiet (没有吵闹、骚乱 )静止的; (人娴静、文静 )安静的silent (人不发出声音或不说话 )沉默的；无言的be serious about 对认真be strict with sb 对某人严格be strict in sth 对某事严格in this/the way 用这种方法；挡道by the way 顺便说一下on the/ones way to 在去路上in some ways 在某些方面both 代词 Both are students.Both of the/物主代词+ 复数名词 Both of her children are students.Both of 宾格代词 Both of us are teachers.形容词 Both these rooms are empty.Both A and
