1、-_名 师 指 点 高 效 备 考 （ 第 三 期 ）2012 高考英语完型攻略精锐教育学习力研究院出品中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 2 / 21高考英语完型攻略一、 考点完全解读二、 动词考点2.意义相近的动词之间辨义;3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义;4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义;5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义;中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 4 / 21
2、6.某些常用动词短语的辨义。由于语言文化环境的差异,对动词的理解有较大的障碍,再加上过分依赖英汉词典的简明注释,因此对英语动词的理解比较肤浅,导致判断失误。2、完型动词辨析答题策略与技巧1.注意动词的及物与不及物碰到英语动词，首先要弄清楚的就是及物动词与不及物动词的区别。这一点非常重要，因为不及物动词是不能直接跟宾语的，它们需要介词的帮助，才能与名词或者代词发生一定的逻辑关系。而及物动词则可以直接跟名词或者代词做宾语，有时候甚至可以跟双宾语。2. 及物动词与名词的搭配强调了动词及物与否的重要性，我们还需要了解英语中及物动词与名词搭配的重要性。读者都知道及物动词是可以直接跟宾语的，但是跟什么样的
3、名词做宾语，却是很有讲究的。比如表示“获得”这个概念的动词，就可以有不同的英语动词来表示，这些动词我们就可以称之为近义词。acquire/obtain/gain/win/get 这些词的区分可以有不同的途径，与名词的搭配无疑是其中非常重要的一种。3. 不及物动词与介词的搭配不及物动词与介词搭配往往是固定的，绝大多数是有不同意义的，所以在学习过程和使用过程中都不能混淆。比如动词 cope “设法应付，处理 ”，就是不及物的，因此需要与介词 with 搭配，才能跟宾语。具体讲，如 cope with difficulty/crisis“应付处理困难或者危机” 。再比如常用动词 turn 与介词 i
4、n 搭配，构成“上缴”和“自首”等意思，而与介词 on 搭配，则可以表示“打开，加大音量，激起某人的兴趣”等意思。另外，这些介词短语又可能由于宾语是人或者物而在意义上形成区别。比如 turn in sth. 就是“交出某事，上缴什么东西” ，而 turn sb. in 意思则是“出卖某人 ”，或者“自首” 。在英语完形填空题中这种情况是非常普遍的，因此在学习过程中要深入学习和灵活运用。3、典型例题【2011 北京完形填空动词部分】文章大意：主人公本身没有能力或是不敢想象自己有能力做某事，经过老师的点拨和帮忙后，克服自卑，并学会了展示自我。I used to hate being called
5、upon in class mainlyI used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like 中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 5 / 21attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned (指定) a seat by the teacher. I always 37 to sit at the back of the classroom.3
6、7. A. hoped B. agreed C. meant D. chose37 题选择 D 本题考查动词，我对于坐在教室的后面是自我选择的，找清搭配即可做对。Getting up the courage to go the tryouts was only the half of it! When I first started 43 43. A. enjoying B. preparing C. attending D. watching43 题选择 C.本题考查动词，根据动作的先后顺序，我显示鼓起勇气参加了选拔赛，而后文又说我不懂规则，那么昭示着我此时正在训练赛中，选择 C，参加比赛。
7、B 选项是我们课上着重强调过的，prepare 的含义是“准备”，强调动作尚未做出，因为中英文有差异，所以是第四选项，错误率较高。Fortunately, I wasnt the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to 47 on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not to be too hard on myself for the things I didnt 48 “just yet”. 47. A.focus B. act C. rely D. try
8、48. A. want B. do C. support D. know47 题选择 A.本题考查动词，该动词与介词 on 构成词组修饰后句“学习打球”，于是只有A 选项靠谱。48 题选择 D.本题考查动词，修饰后句“just yet”(恰好现在)，那么我不满现状而加倍努力训练，现在又说恰好现在的状态我不对自己太过苛责，那么首先可排除“支持”，无关选项；而因为我在发奋努力训练，现在“想要”或者“支持”的东西自然是要严格要求的，那么排除 A、B，最终选择 D，不对自己恰在此时知道的东西过多苛责，我们强调过 yet 用于句末的时候不是转折关系，这里就发挥了作用。With my improved s
9、elf-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “ 53 ” in the back of the classroom and not 中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 6 / 21wanting to call attention to myself, to raising my hand - even when I sometimes wasnt 100 percent su
10、re I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.53. A. dreaming B. playing C. relaxing D. hiding53 题选择 D.本题考查动词，根据后半句的修饰，我在教室的后面坐着是在“隐藏”自己，选择 D。【2010 北京完形填空动词部分】本文讲述了作者在 Mrs. Neidl 的鼓励下，开始勇于冒险。并因 Mrs. Neidl 对作者的信任激励作者完成以前认为不可能的事情的故事。Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my opinion . She w
11、anted to know how I thought we should 38 things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her questions . It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to 41 them. 38. A. make B. keep C. handle D. change41. A.
12、 hold B. follow C. evaluate D. form38.C 考察动词及篇章理解。根据文章主线选择“处理”事情。考纲要求考生掌握 handle 的两种意思，名词是“柄、把” ，动词是“处理” ，这里考察后者。A, 做、创造 B 保持 D改变 均不符题意。41.D 考察动词及篇章理解。本句的 them 指代 opinions 。form opinion 形成观点 。hold opinion 持有某种观点，form 是个变化的状态，hold 是个持续的状态，根据文意推断作者开始并没有观点，由于她相信我有观点所以我形成了观点，强调形成这个过程，另外Begin to 后接有变化感的词
13、，故选 form 不选 hold. B. follow 遵照,C .evaluate 评估与题意差别较大。Mrs. Neidls motto that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it later !“ I began to take risks . I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there 中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 7 / 21was no failing-on
14、ly things to be 46 upon.46. A. improved B. acted C. looked D. reflected 246.A 考察动词短语辨析。Improve upon 改进。线索是本段开头的座右铭“试试吧，我们永远可以重画一次。 ”因此不存在失败，只存在改进。Act upon 按照、对起作用，look upon 看待、考虑，reflect upon 考虑、回顾，均不符题意。The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was 48 in the program as “Student Art Assi
15、stant“ because of the time and effort Id put in. It was that year that I 49 I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design. 48. A. introduced B. recognized C. identified D. considered49. A. confirmed B. decided C. realized D. acknowledged48.B 考察动词短语的辨析。Be recognized as“被公认为、被承认 ”。 Introduc
16、e 介绍、引入，be identified as“ 被确定是” ，有验证身份的意思，be considered as “被认为、被当作” 。其中 be recognize as 有“被大家承认、被普遍接受”的意思，表意更准确。49.C 考察动词。解题关键词是“want ”。作者意识到自己想要的是什么，所以用realized. 迷惑项是 decided 决定。可以说决定要什么，但不可以说决定想什么，因为想法是不可控制的。Confirm 证实 acknowledge 承认，与题意差别较大。Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl changed
17、 me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also 51 a strong interest and a world I hadnt known existed. She taught me not to 52 what people think I should do: She taught me to take chances and not be afraid .51. A. developed B. discovered C. took D. fostered
18、52. A. accept B. care C. judge D. wonder51.B 考察动词。发现了一项爱好和一个未知的世界，选 discovered. 迷惑项是 developed , 这个词可以与 interest 连用表示形成了某种爱好，但是不可以与 world 连用表示“形成一个未知世界， ”故排除。Take interest 取利，foster 培养，均不合适。52.B 考察动词及篇章理解。 “她教会我不要去在乎别人认为我该怎么做” ，care 在乎，符合文意。Accept 接受，judge 判断 ，wonder 怀疑 均不合文意。中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.
19、1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 8 / 21三、 名词考点&范例1、名词在完形填空中的考点(1) 名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分如：Chinese arts have won the_of a lot of people outside China. A. enjoyment B. appreciationC. entertainment D. reputation本题考查名词的词义辨析。enjoyment 享乐，快乐；appreciation 欣赏，正确评价，感激；entertainment 款待，娱乐；reputation
20、 名誉，名声。根据语境“中国的艺术得到许多海外人士的好评”可知答案为 B。(2)名词在特定情景、语境中的特殊含义如：“The longer you stay away from the motherland,”she said, “the sweeter your blood grows to the mosquitoes.” Well, less than a week after my arrival, I was already carpeted with a_of mosquito bites.A.shade B.pileC.cloud D.blanketblanket 原意是“毯子、
21、毛毯” ，此处意思是“象毯子一样的厚厚的覆盖物” ，此处引申为“一层” 。另外，carpet 常用作名词，意思是“毯子” ，也可用作动词，意思是“象毯子一样覆盖” 。(3)名词与动词、形容词的搭配如：I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any_to me. A. meaning B. importance中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 9 / 21C. sense D. significance make s
22、ense 是固定习语，意为“意义清楚、讲得通、有道理” 。(4)名词与介词的搭配如：Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by_of cries.A. ways B. meansC. methods D. approaches四个选项都有“方法、手段”的意思， 但 by means of 是固定短语。2、典型例题【2011 北京卷完型部分名词选项】文章大意：主人公本身没有能力或是不敢想象自己有能力做某事，经过老师的点拨和帮忙后，克服自卑，并学会了展示自我。I used to hate being called upon
23、in class mainlyAll this changed after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy 39 because I didnt have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the 40 to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me
24、. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my going for it , I wouldnt have decided to give it a try.39. A. idea B. plan C. belief D. saying40. A. right B. chance C. ability D. patience39答案 A。本题考查名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分。老师建议我参加篮球队这显然是一个想法，而我认为这很疯狂。其他选项中不要再记错 saying 的含义， saying的含义是“谚语”，切忌。40答案 C。名词的基本意义。
25、与其他人保持同步这是我的一种“能力”的体现，这与“权利”、“机会”或者“耐心”没有任何关联。注意 keep pace with，“保持同步”，这个词组在真题中出现很少，但模拟题中还是有所体现的。Getting up the courage to go the tryouts was only the 42 of it! When I first started attending.42. A. point B. half C. rest D. basis中国领先的中小学教育品牌精锐教育官网：www.1smart.org 课程咨询：010-51296974 客服热线：400-010-0868 1
26、0 / 2142答案 B。本题考查名词的基本意义。句末的叹号提示这里有极端情况出现，所以才会感叹。而鼓起勇气去选拔赛仅仅是成功的“一点”、“剩下”或者“基础”显然不合理，于是选择 B，仅仅是一半，体现了感叹。I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the 49 and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive 50 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I
27、learned how to play and make friends in the 51 - friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun.49. A. steps B. orders C. rules D. games50. A. role B. part C. mind D. value51. A. process B. operation C. movement D. situation49答案 C。本题考查名词与动词的搭配。该名词与动词 knew
28、 相关联，那么根据名词寻找同类词的原则，前文叙述我连规则都不知道，于是发奋练球的直接结果就是知道了规则并且已经知道了动作。50答案 B。本题考查名词与动词、形容词的搭配。与形容词 competitive 及动词词组 win over(争取到)相关联，那么首先可排除 D，竞争与价值不能匹配；而我的竞争绝不是一个“角色”那么简单，也不仅存于“思想”，于是选择 B。51答案 A。本题考查名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分。破折号的作用是解释说明，那么知道尊重我的努力的朋友一定是看到我的成长的朋友，也即我在这个过程中认识的朋友，于是选择 A。process 是模拟题常出现的词汇，所以大家做起来不会生
29、僻。【2009 北京卷完型部分名词选项】本文叙述作者读大学时在外做兼职时所经历的一些事情以及对现在工作的影响。Jamess New BicycleJames shook his money box again. Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed. $24.52 was all that he had. The bicycle he wanted was at least $90!How on earth was he going to get the _38_ of the money？38. A. amount B. part C. sum D. rest
