1、一、冠词:(1)a/an 的区分:注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母 u 本身的音/ju :/,前面加 a:a useful book, a university, a usual chair;如果发以外的音,前面加 an:an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgetable experience(2) 球类运动和三餐饭前不加 theplay football , play table tennis 乐器前加 theplay the violin,play the piano(3)a一个,the 那个二、介词:(1) 介词+doin
2、g 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late.The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things.Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I”)关联记忆:介意 Mind + doingWould you mind my smoking here?(2) on in at 的用法:表时间:on( 天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用 on) ; in(时段) ; at (时刻)on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜
3、晚at the same time(3) 表伴随:with / without ,或 doing She is a girl with long hair.She is a girl wearing a new dress.(4)表方式: by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数What time is it by your watch? The boss pays us by week.He beat her with a book.(with 后要带 a 或复数)speak in English Write in ink(5)介词(不加 the)+名词at table 在桌
4、旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁,具体干什么不清楚at school in the school三、时态:时态一致:从句与主句时态一致He said he had been there for an hour.He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态)He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误,应改为一般现在时态)时态一致之时态变异(必考):A瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来The plane is taking off in an hour. T
5、he old man is dying.(将要死了)B条件状语从句:一般现在时表将来I dont know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you.I will ring you as soon as I finish my work.I wont go out until my homework is done.四、感叹句:考生须掌握 how 和 what 引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。要点归纳:1、 what + a / an +adj. +单数名词( + 主语+ 谓语)!2、 What +
6、adj. +复数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!3、 What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!常考的几个不可数名词:food,news,weather,fun,music ,work,information,advice,suggestion。注意:what 引导的感叹句,主语+谓语可以省略。4、 How + adj. +a / an + 单数名词( +主语+谓语)!5、 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!6、 How + 句子!五、连词:(1) 连词现象:Although ,though 与 but 通常不连用 because 与 so 不连用 if (如果) 与 then 不连用
7、(2) 就近一致连词neither.nor , either.or ,not only.but also not.but.(3) 连接句子与 to do 形式because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词等)in order to do (in order not to do ) in order that +句子so as to so as that +句子 so.that +句子too.to do enough to do so good a book that +句子such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子(4) 重
8、要联词的应用unless(=if not)除非 or 否则(威胁,劝告) as if / as though (仿佛)even if / even though (即使) not.until (直到.才)六、宾语从句:考查形式:单项、完成句子考察难度:考察全面,考查必须掌握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素。要点归纳:1、 陈述语序2、 时态:主句为一般现在时,_时态:主句为一般过去时,_3、 that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect.4、 宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时, 从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式
9、。七、动词:考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词考查难度“动词是词法的核心,考查范围较大,难度较大一、 时态要点归纳考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)考点二:现在完成时 4 大用法:结果,延续,经历,移位时间标志:for + 时间段、since+ 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、 every、never 、 “How long?”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中要点归纳:区分: have been to + 地点 _have gone to + 地点 _have been in + 地点+ for + 时间段 _瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换:di
10、e be dead buyhave borrowkeep leave/gobe away(from)make friendsbe friends begin/startbe onarrive/get to/reach/comebe in/be at/stayjoin (the Party)be a (Party) member /be in (the Party)核心句型:It is + 时间+since+一般过去时的句子考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)考点四:一般现在时(客观真理) 、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)二、 情态动词归纳情态动词有:must, have to, had
11、better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形考点一:must can 表示推测的运用考点二:mustnt 的运用,意思是_考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答Must ? Yes, S + must. No, S +needntNeed.? Yes, S + may No, S + musnt八、非谓语动词归纳:和介词一样非常灵活,在句法中,不作谓语,所有句子成分都可充当。只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语To + do ( 否定式not + to + do)1、 只能接 to +
12、do 的动词有:decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish +to do2、 有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有:Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth.3、 加 to + do 的重点句型有:(1 ) It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱(2 ) It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样(3 ) Would you like to.?4、后接省略 to 的动词不定式
13、的动词有一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)五看(watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe) ,半个帮助(help 可以带 to,也可以省略)改为被动语态时,to 要还原例如:This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.1、 省略 to 的情况有(1 ) 情态动词后(2 ) Why not/why dont you(3 ) Would ratherthanDoing (否定式 not doing)1、 加 doing 作非谓语动词常考的有
14、:enjoy,mind,suggest ,miss,admit ,deny,imagine,practice+doing sth.2、 加 doing 的情况有:(1 ) 介词后+doing 例如: give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth.等(2 ) Feel lilke + doing (喜欢做某事)/prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢.)(3 ) To 作介词时的几个常用短语: look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing3、 既可加 to d
15、o 也可加 doing,并意思相近的动词有:begin, start, like, love, hate4、 既可加 to do 也可加 doing,但意思不同的动词有:Forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做)Forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)Remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做)Remember doing 记得做过某事(事情已经做了)Regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾Regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾Stop to do 停下来去做某事(去另外一件事情)Stop doing 停止做某事(停止正在做的事
16、情)归纳记忆:stopfrom + doing = prevent from doingTry to do 尽力做某事 (区分:manage to do 设法做某事)Try doing 尝试去做某事Keep/go on to do 继续去做某事(停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情)Keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情Mean to do = plan to do 打算/ 计划去做某事Mean doing 意味着做某事重点区分下列搭配:See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事(已做了)See / watch sb. doing sth. 看到、看着某人正在
17、做某事(在做)Hear / notice sb. do sth. 听到/ 注意到某人做某事(已做了)Hear / notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事(在做)关注:have sth. done/ get sth. done need doing / want doing九、情景交际:纵观近几年中考,情景交际题都位于单选最后一题,所占分值一分。We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us ? Ill give them a call right now (2014 苏州中考 )AWhy no
18、t BWhat for CWhy DWhatShall we go fishing at six oclock tomorrow morning?( 2015 苏州中考)_.Will seven oclock be OK?A.Sure, its up to you B. Sure, no problemC.Sorry, I cant make it D. Sorry, Im not availableId like to choose yellow as the colour of our bedroom .( 2016 苏州中考) . The colour brings me a warm
19、and comfortable feeling .A. No way B. Sounds great C. In your dreams D. I cant decide十、形容词 副词1. A+ as +adj / adv 的原级+ as +B 表示 “A 和 B 一样”A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A 不如 B”2. “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”(可以修饰比较级的词.much,a lot,far,的多 a little,a bit,一点儿 even 甚至, still 仍然)3. the +序数词+ 形容词的最高级+ 单数名词4. on
20、e of +the +形容词的最高级 +复数名词5.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”十一、名词辨析instruction introduction invitation invention direction feeling sense view scene 十二、动词词组turn on turn off turn up turn down turn output on put off put up put in put out put away put through break down break out break intocut in cut out cut down
21、 get up put up turn up stay up make up set up tidy up pick up look up take up wake up eat up come up with grow up give upbreak out put out find out come out carry out hand out work out turn out try out for run out look out break down come down calm down write down cut down turn down 十三你、代词1. 人称代词(be
22、long to)2. 物主代词3. 反身代词(help oneself to sth,make oneself at home, enjoy oneself)4. 指示代词(that、those)5. 不定代词one、ita few, few , a little, littlenone, nothing, on oneboth /neither /either /all / none / anyother /the other /others /the others/another十四、特殊疑问词How longHow soonHow farHow oftenHow many/much十五、
23、反义疑问句1. 前肯后否,前否后肯2. 注意回答3. 否定词:never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing,tooto (反义词不是否定词如 dislike,unhappy)some any no everything something anything nothing everythingone someone anyone no one everyonebody somebody anybody nobody everybody4. 祈使句的反意疑问句为 will you ? Lets 的反意疑问句为 shall w
24、e ?十六、被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词4.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词5.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词6. 有些词组没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well 7. 系动词是没有被动语态: look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .8.need 表示需要时,后面常接 doin
25、g 形式表示被动意义,相当于 to be done .9. 动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch ,改为被动语态时加 to。十七、数词1. 逢十词尾加-ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 2. 表年龄: in ones + 整十的复数 表示在某人几十岁时3. 若 hundred / thousand /million /billion 前有基数词时 ,其后不加 s,也不加 of .若没有时 ,既加 s 也要带 of .4. 几个半的表达法: two and a half hours = two hours and a half 5. 分数词的表达法:a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.b).当分子大于 1 时,分母加复数.c)分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.十八、主谓一致