中考英语综合填空题题型讲解与专项练习汇编.doc

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1、中考英语综合填空题题型讲解与专项练习汇编一、中考英语综合填空题的必备基础这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力,特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。这种题型已于上个世纪八十年代末隐退,近年在某些省市的中考试题中悄然兴起。这类题型一般是给出一篇略低于初三课文的短文,从中挖去 5 至 15 词或词组,让考生在整体理解短文内容的基础上,根据上下文将所缺分补全。考生要想做好这类题,应打好以下基础:(一) 、熟悉命题形式中考中共出现了四种题型:(1) 空缺处没有任何提示;(2) 空缺单词的第一个字母已经给出;(3) 要填的单词在短文前已给出供考生选择;(4) 空格处有

2、中文提示。应对这类试题,同学们需具备以下几方面的基础。(二) 、具有一定的词汇量同学们必须熟练掌握初中教材的所有单词和短语。没有扎实的词汇基础,就不能读懂短文大意,读不懂大意,怎么能根据上下文来确定所缺的是个什么单词呢?即使能判断出某些空格缺的是什么单词,也难以写出正确的拼写形式。所以同学们必须通过词不离句,句不离文,边读边写,嘴耳手脑多种器官协同活动等方式熟记单词。我们学习英语的最终目的是为了能够使用英语进行交际,其实学习英语的最好方法也是经常地运用英语。所以有人将其概括为“为用而学,学了就用,在用中学”。因此,你在学了一个新的单词或者词组后,就要通过自己的口说出来或通过自己的笔写出来,多运

3、用几次就记牢固了。此外,还要掌握一些构词法知识和进行大量的课外阅读来扩大词汇量。千万不要以为教材中没有的就不去记,以为不考的就不去读,对一个人英语水平的高低的最终标准是还是取决于这个人的词汇量的大小。(三) 、掌握初中英语的基础语法正确高效在解答好这类试题还需要扎实的语法基础知识。比如说通过句子成分的划分你可以判断出某空是该填名词还是该填动词;若是填名词,你还要会判断是填单数还是填复数,如果是复数你还要知道该名词是规则变化还是不规则变化,是规则变化的你还要懂得名词单数变复数的规则;若是缺谓语动词,你还需要知道该用哪种时态,时态判断正确后你还要懂得各种时态的构成形式,特别是一般现在时和一般过去时

4、的变化规则。如此等等。因此,没有扎实的语法基础是不能很好地解答好此题的。(四) 、具有一定的阅读能力在解答这类试题之前必须要迅速读懂短文,了解大意,较强的阅读能力是正确解答好这类试题的重要保证。所以我们要学会略读的方法,通过跳过空格快速浏览全文,特别是首、尾段和每段的首、尾句,寻找文章的主题句,把握文章的主旨大意,是正确解答这类试题的一个重要环节。还要学会在阅读的过程中还要特别注意文意的启承转合,对比对照等,即需具备所谓的语篇语感基础。也还要学会在阅读过程中还要善于利用已读懂信息和已掌握的经验常识进行简单的逻辑推理。二、中考英语综合填空题的答题技巧做这类试题除了具备能正确拼写所学单词,具有一定

5、的语法基础知识,掌握一定的阅读方法外,若具备一定的解题方法或技巧,做起题来往往会更加得心应手。下文介绍几点方法供同学们参考。(一) 、弄清文章大意要跳过空格,浏览全文,理解文章的大意,特别要注意读懂文章的第一句,这一句通常不设空格,它对我们理解文章的主旨起着非常重要的作用。在理解文章的主旨大意之后才开始做题。(二) 、作好句法分析通过句法分析弄清楚要填的词是在句中充当主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是主语或宾语,要填的应当是名词或代词;如果是谓语,要填的就应是动词;如果是在名词前作定语或者在系动词后作表语,要填的应当是形容词;如像 We _busy. He _fine.之类的句子,busy, fin

6、e 都是形容词,也就是说句中还无动词,这一定是填系动词 be, look 等。如果是已经在文章前用方框给出了供选择的单词,通过这样的句法分析,就会将范围大大的缩小,可能就会只剩下一、两个单词了。(三) 、考虑词形变化是名词或代词要考虑是该用单数还是用复数;是人称代词是用主格还是宾格;如果是动词就要考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;是谓语动词是主动语态还是被动语态,还要考虑该用哪一种时态;是非谓语动词是用-ing 形式,不定式还是用过去分词。等等。切不可一确定是填哪个单词后,就在不作任何考虑的情况下填上去,放了不该放的错。(四) 、注意固定搭配根据空格前后之间的固定搭配关系来分析。如 be good

7、 at, be interested in, make progress, at least, at most, at last, in this way, pay a visit to, take care of, a lot of, have a population of, get on well with, have a party, give sb sth, ask sb to do sth, be / get used to, spenddoing, sothat等等。(五) 、运用基本常识如台湾是中国最大的岛,道路、街道、河流等两边或两岸,等等。(六) 、利用上下语境就是利用上下

8、文的意思与结构来填空,这个上下文可能是空格所处的那个句本身的前部分和后部分,也可能是空格前后的那个或那几句子,还有可能前后段落或对整篇文章的理解。有时甚至还要结合常识进行简单的逻辑推理才能准确判断出该填哪个词。(七) 、抓住语篇标志如 but, although, firstthenfinally 等等。(八) 、别忘所给提示一定要结合所给的首字母或者供选择的词汇来考虑。以上几个方面必须综合起来考虑,才能迅速准确解答好这类大题。三、中考英语综合填空题解题思路分析(1)用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文正确、通顺。每词限填一次。feel, give, turn, work, help, wai

9、t, thing, near, he, only, final, oneA woman was eating in a restaurant. She asked the waiter to do many (1)_ for her. Now she was (2)_ the waiter a lot of trouble. (3)_, she asked the waiter to turn on the air conditioner because she (4)_ too hot. Then she asked him (5)_ it off because she was too c

10、old. This went on and on for (6) _ half an hour.But the waiter was very kind and (7)_ He did everything the woman asked (8)_ to do without getting angry. (9)_, someone else in the restaurant asked why the (10)_ didnt just throw the woman out, “Oh, I dont care.” the waiter said, smiling. “We dont eve

11、n have an air conditioner.”答案与解析本文讲述的是一个饭店里的服务员面对一个要求做这做那的顾客却不生气,且不乏幽默感的故事。1. things.因为 many 后面一定是复数名词,方框内可以有复数形式且能与动词 do(做) 搭配的只 things(事) 最好,另外,由下段的第一句中 He did everything 中也可得到启发而填出答案。容易误选的是 work,但它作“工作”解是不可数名词,没有复数形式。2. giving.在方框中能接双宾语(sb+sth) 的只有 give,因为前面有 was,所以要用其现在分词 giving.3. First.由后文的 Th

12、en 可知。FirstThen 先然后。4. felt.句中无谓语动词,所以应选动词;hot 是形容词,不是定语就一定是在系动词后作表语。方框中能作系动词的有 feel(感到) 和 turn(变成) ,主语是人,当然是“感到” 热,另外,全文用的都是过去式,所以填 feel 的过去式 felt.5. to turn.上文 hot 时是 turn on,这次 cold 当然就是 to turn off 了,又因为 ask sb to do sth(叫某人做某事) ,所以填 to turn off.6. nearly.因为 for half an hour 意思已经完整了,只能填表示约数的 nea

13、rly(差不多) 了。7. helpful.能与 kind 并列,且根据上下文的意思可知用 helpful(乐于助人的) 。8. him.指乐于做事又不生气的当然是指那位服务员,在 asked 后作宾语,所以用 he 的宾格形式 him.9. Finally.有一个逗号可知应填副词。10. waiter.因为是 the waiter 回答的,显然是问 the waiter.2) 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文正确、通顺。每词限填一次。but, follow, cool, bad, first, sports, easy, walk, child, kindWhats the cooles

14、t of transportation (交通工具) for middle school students back from the winter holidays? A racing bike? A car? No, its a special (1)_ of shoe called Heelys (暴走鞋) 。 Heelys look just like common (2)_ shoes, but they have a wheel hidden in the heel (鞋跟) 。 So instead of (3)_, kids can “fly” around in them.

15、“Wearing Heelys is fun and (4)_, ” said Wu Peng, a boy who wore them on his (5)_ day back at No, 6 Middle School in Beijing. Wu Peng said he loves the shoes so much that he wears them wherever he goes. Sometimes he even (6)_ his parents car to the supermarket on his Heelys!Other students think these

16、 are very cool, (7)_ some havent been so lucky with their Heelys. Its reported that some (8)_ have fallen down while using these shoes, and some have been hurt.“Heelys wheels are on the heels of the shoes, so its (9)_ to fall, ” said Liu Rui, a doctor at the Hong Kong International Medical Clinic, B

17、eijing. Even (10)_, Liu said, “Wearing Heelys for a long time could stop young people from developing their ankles (脚踝) and legs.”答案与解析本文讲述的是中学生对 Heelys(暴走鞋)这种特别的运动鞋的不同看法及理由,以及医生的看法。1. kind.无论从与 aof的搭配来看还是从上下文的意思来看,都只有 kind 才适合。2. sports.从空格前后的单词来看只有 sports 最好, “普通的运动鞋”。3. walking.由后文的 fly 可知是不用 wal

18、king(行走) 了。4. cool.从下文他 love 这种鞋子且无论到哪里都穿着去,可见他认为穿这种鞋是很酷(cool) 。5. first.与 day 搭配只有 first 最佳。6. follow.句中无谓语,显然首先要挑选动词,又根据意思跟着他父母的车去市场,所以用 follow(=go after) 。7. but.前后是转折关系。8. children.能与句意相符且又能作主语的只有填的 child 复数 children 才行。9. easy.从搭配来看,itsto fall 之间只能填形容词,从前后的语意来看应填 easy 最适合。10. worse.从前后的语意来看是递进关

19、系,所以用 worse.even worse 是“更糟糕的是” 之意。中考英语综合填空题题型讲解专项练习 1-151、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文正确、通顺。每词限填一次。on,friend,ask,and,have , until,but ,cheap,invite ,in ,mother,beautiful,much ,because,putWe are going to have a party in our house this evening. It is my (1) _ birthday, and she has (2)_ my uncles and aunts and

20、some of her (3)_. Mother and I are (4)_ to cook most of the food for the party, and father is getting the drinks. The living-room looks very pretty. Balloons of all colours are hanging from the lights (5)_ we have taken the carpets away (6)_ we are going to dance there after dinner.In the dining-roo

21、m we have (7)_ out the best plates and glasses and tablecloths, and it all looks (8 )_. We are going to have soup, fish, chicken, fruit and cheese. We are going to dance (9)_ midnight, and after that, we will have (10)_ food, because we will be hungry after all that dancing.Last year my mother (11)_

22、 her birthday party in a restaurant, (12)_ it is pleasanter and (13)_ at home.When it is my birthday, I am going to invite my friends and have a party in the garden. I will hang pretty lights (14)_ the trees and we will grill our food in the garden and dance (15)_ the grass.答案与解析本文讲述的是即将为母亲的生日 party

23、 作准备的事情,以及对去年母亲生日 party 的回顾和对本人生日的设想。1. mothers.从与前后的单词的搭配来看应填“某人的”,在方框中只有 friends 和 mothers两个;由下文的描述,特别是第三段的第一句,可知应填 mothers.2. invited.因为要举行 party,自然就会邀请亲朋好友。由前面的 has 可知要用现在完成时表示已经邀请了,所以用 invite 的过去分词 invited.3. friends.见上题。4. asked.由 are 可知,用 ask sb to do sth 的被动式,所以用过去分词。5. and.两句之间一定是选连词,两句之间是并

24、列关系用 and.6. because.前后又都是句子,且为转折关系,所以用连词 but.7. put.首先应判断用动词,又从后面的 the best plates and glasses 等可知应是已经“摆放”出来,所以用 put 的过去分词 put.8. beautiful.摆放的是最好的东西,房间看起来自然就是美的。9. until.表示某种动用一直延续到某个时候用 until.10. more.由后文跳饿了,自然就会吃得更多。11. had.与 party 搭配用 have,因为是去年,所以用一般过去时 had.12. but.前后是转折关系用 but.13. cheaper.与形容词

25、 pleasanter 并列的也一定是形容词,且为比较级,在方框中选出cheap 和 beautiful,根据常识应是 cheaper.14. in.表示在树上一般用介词 in.注意表示在树上结的果子时又一般在 on 了。15. on.跳舞当然是在草地上,所以用 on.2 、根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的单词,使短文的意思完整,需填单词的第一个字母已经给出。It is well-known that man is much cleverer than any animal. But which is the cleverest a_(1) the animals? Some scienti

26、sts t_( 2) it should be Alex, an African grey parrot. He is unlike any other animal. He can really t_(3) with people!When he says “come here”, he really w_(4) someone to come up to him.“Alex is as clever as a c_(5) of 2 or 3 years old, ” says Dr. Pepperberg. “He does not just repeat the s_(6) he has

27、 been taught. He u_(7) the words!”Alex can tell about 50 d_(8) things, name 7 colours and count from 1 to 6. Is the parrot actually thinking in the w_ (9) how man does? Nobody can say. But the q_ (10) is very interesting.答案与解析本文论述了非洲灰色鹦鹉被一些科学家认为是最聪明的动物。1. among.表示最高级的比较范围,意为“在中”,一般用 of 或 among, 等介词,

28、此处已有首字母 a,所以是 among.2. think.根据前面的提问有首字母 t 可知是 think,表示“ 有的科学家认为最聪明的动物应当是 Alex”。3. talk.根据下文对他会讲会的描述和空格后的 with,可知是 talk with sb(同谈话) 。4. wants.根据前面的 come here 及后文的句式搭配可知是 want sb to do sth(想要某人做某事) 。5. child.根据后面的两叁岁可知是小孩。6. sounds.由前文的 talk 和后文的 words 可知是重复教他讲话的声音。7. understands.从后文的描述可知,他不但会重复教他的声

29、音而且还明白其意思。8. different.根据 things 是复数及首字母的提示可知是指不同的(different) 事物。9. way.根据句意“他的思维方式是否与的思维方式一样呢?”。搭配:in the way 用这种方式。10. question.上文“Is the parrot?” 提出的是一个问题。3 、根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的单词,使短文的意思完整,需填单词的第一个字母已经给出。It is well-known that man is much cleverer than any animal. But which is the cleverest a_(1) th

30、e animals? Some scientists t_( 2) it should be Alex, an African grey parrot. He is unlike any other animal. He can really t_(3) with people!When he says “come here”, he really w_(4) someone to come up to him.“Alex is as clever as a c_(5) of 2 or 3 years old, ” says Dr. Pepperberg. “He does not just

31、repeat the s_(6) he has been taught. He u_(7) the words!”Alex can tell about 50 d_(8) things, name 7 colours and count from 1 to 6. Is the parrot actually thinking in the w_ (9) how man does? Nobody can say. But the q_ (10) is very interesting.答案与解析本文论述了非洲灰色鹦鹉被一些科学家认为是最聪明的动物。1. among.表示最高级的比较范围,意为“在

32、中”,一般用 of 或 among,等介词,此处已有首字母 a,所以是 among.2. think.根据前面的提问有首字母 t 可知是 think,表示“ 有的科学家认为最聪明的动物应当是 Alex”。3. talk.根据下文对他会讲会的描述和空格后的 with,可知是 talk with sb(同谈话) 。4. wants.根据前面的 come here 及后文的句式搭配可知是 want sb to do sth(想要某人做某事) 。5. child.根据后面的两叁岁可知是小孩。6. sounds.由前文的 talk 和后文的 words 可知是重复教他讲话的声音。7. understan

33、ds.从后文的描述可知,他不但会重复教他的声音而且还明白其意思。8. different.根据 things 是复数及首字母的提示可知是指不同的(different) 事物。9. way.根据句意“他的思维方式是否与的思维方式一样呢?”。搭配:in the way 用这种方式。10. question.上文“Is the parrot?” 提出的是一个问题。4 、根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示,在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语,使短文意思完整。Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their c

34、ars. The family car (1) _(一直是) a common thing (2)_ (从以来) the early twentieth century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved (3)_(外面) of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend (4)_(每天两小时) or more in their cars (5)_(去上班) and home again. Cars have become the (6)_(工具) o

35、f transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations.Americans (7)_(过去常常) like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, (8)_(然而) , the cost of gasoline has increased; smaller cars have become (9)_(更常见) 。 Also foreign cars have become very common. Ameri

36、cans have bought (10)_(大量的) Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.答案与解析美国多数人都拥有汽车,因此有“车轮上的民族”之称,本文就是讲美国人使用汽车的一些情况的。1. has been.句中无动词,由“是”可知要用 be;结合第 2 题可知要用 be 的现在完成时态。2. since.它引出的时间状语常与现在完成时连用。3. outside.修饰动词 moved 要用副词 outside;另外,短语 outside of 是“的外面”

37、。4. two hours a day.注意表示单位时间的词“ 每天(a day) ”要放后面。又如:每小时十公里ten kilometers an hour.5. going to work.注意与前面 spend 的句型搭配:spend(in) doing sth 花多少时间或金钱做某事。6. means.注意 means(工具、方法、手段) 这本单词本身就是以 s 结尾的,且单复数同形,若作主语要根据句意来确定是单数还是复数。7. used to.表示过去常常用“used to +动词原形”。8. however.注意 however 是副词,且后面常有逗号;但是 but 是连词其后无逗

38、号。9. more common.后面省略了 than big cars,所以用比较级; common 的比较级是在前面加more.10. large numbers of.表示“大量的”还可用 a large number of.5、根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示,在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语,使短文意思完整。Most of American businesses are open five days a week. American school children attend school five days a week as well.American families usua

39、lly have a (1)_(两天) weekend. The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend people spend their time (2)_(以许多不同的方式) 。 Many families enjoy weekends (3)_(一起) 。 They may go shopping, go for a drive or visit friends. They may also invite friends over and (4)_(聚会) at home. Many American families par

40、ticipate (参加) in sports during the weekend. (5)_(跑步) , biking, playing volleyball and swimming (6)_ (流行) in summer. Skiing and skating are the (7)_ (最喜爱的) winter sports.Weekends are also a time for American families to work on something in their yards or in (8)_(他们的) houses. Many families plant flow

41、ers and have vegetable gardens. Some families use the weekends (9)_(粉刷) or repair their houses. (10)_(对大部分美国人来说) , weekends are very busy.答案与解析本文讲述美国人是如何过周末的情况。1. two-day.“数词+名词”作定语,数词和名词之间通常用连词符号,名词要用单数。2. in many different ways.表示 “方式、方法”用 way,表示“用、以”某种方式或方法用介词in.3. together.表示“在一起”用副词 together.4.

42、 have a party.表示“聚会”用 have a party 或 get together.5. Running.注意一句话的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。6. are popular.因为 popular(流行的) 是形容词,不能作谓语,必须在前面加上动词be;又因为主语是复数且为一般现在时,所以 be 用 are.7. favourite.在冠词和名词之间用形容词 favourite.8. their.在名词前作定语要用形容词性物主代词。9. to paint.表示“ 利用做 ”是 useto do,所以在 paint 前要加上 to.10. For most Americans.

43、表示在作者或者说话人看来“ 对某人来说”用 for.6、阅读下列短文,在每个空格处填入一个适当的英语单词,使短文在结构和意义上完整。Students learn their lessons in class. They sit in the classroom _(1) to the teacher. This is a way of learning. Is this the _(2) way for students to learn? Of course not. There is another way to learn. That is students can teach them

44、selves. For _(3) , if you cannot remember something when you are doing your homework, what will you do? You can look at your book to _ (4) the answer.How to teach yourself? The first thing you must do is reading. Read something you are _(5) in, or you have to read. The second is that you must ask yo

45、urself questions. A clever student is usu-ally _(6) at asking questions. The third is to answer the questions yourself by _(7) hard, by reading books, and sometimes by asking _(8) people. These are the ways of teaching yourself. If you keep doing _(9) these for a long time, you are sure to have grea

46、t _ (10) in your study.答案与解析本文讲的是什么是自学和如何自己,以及自学的益处。1. listening.从常识来看,学生坐在教室里当然是听老师讲课;从搭配上来看有一个 to,这就提示我们想到 listen to;又因为句中已有谓语动词 sit,这个“听”的动作是伴随着 sit 这个动作同时发生的,所以要用其现在分词 listening.2. only.从后文的答语 Of course not. There is another way to learn 可以推知问的是“这是学生学习的唯一方式吗?”3. example.后文告诉我们是关于自学的一个例子,可见是 For

47、example (例如) 。4. find.前文说到“ 不记得了” ,当然是看看书为的就是“找 ”答案了。5. interested.从搭配和句意判断是说阅读你感兴趣的东西,be interested in(对感兴趣)。6. good.从搭配上看应是 be good at(善于) 。7. working.要想自己找到问题的答案就得通过努力学习( work hard) 。by 是介词,意为“通过”,介词后一般只接名词、代词、动词的-ing 形式,所以要在动词 work 后加上 ing.8. other.有时自己不能努力后仍不能回答的问题就会通过问别人来解决,所以用other(别的、另外的) 。a

48、nother 是指“ 另一个”,后面一般接单数名词,而 people 作“人、人们”,本身就是复数了,所以不能用 another.9. like.句意是:如果你像这样长期坚持下下,你肯定就会在学习上取得巨大进步。介词like 是“像一样”之意。10. progress.表示在某方面取得进步是 make progress in.7、 阅读下列短文,在每个空格处填入一个适当的英语单词,使短文在结构和意义上完整。Every day we go to _(1) and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask you some _(2) 。 Sometimes the classmates will ask you a

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