1、定语从句一 、 定 义 : 在 复 合 句 中 , 修 饰名 词 或 代 词 的 从 句 叫 定 语 从 句 , 被 修 饰 的 名 词 或 代 词 叫先 行 词 , 引 导 定语 从 句 的 引 导 词 分 为 :关 系 代 词 who, whom, whose, which, that 等 , 和 关 系 副 词 where, when, why 等 , 关 系代 词 和 关 系 副 词 在 定 语 从 句 中 担 任 句 子 成 份 , 不 可 省 略 。1.由 who 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 中 , who 用 作 主 语 , 如 : This is the boy who oft
2、en helps me.2.由 whom引 导 的 定 语 从 句 中 ,whom用 作 宾 语 , 如 : The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.3.由 whose 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 中 , whose 用 作 定 语 , 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4.由 which 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 中 ,which 用 作 主 语 或 谓 语 动 词 的 宾 语 或 介 词 的 宾 语 。如 : The room in which there is a machi
3、ne is a workshop( 车 间 ) .The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注 意 :(1)whom, which 用 作 介 词 宾 语 时 , 介 词 可 放 在 whom、 which 之 前 , 也 可 放 在 从 句 原 来 的 位 置 上 ;但 在 含 有 介 词 的 动 词 固 定 词 组 中 , 介 词 只 能 放 在 原 来 的 位 置 上。如 : He is the very person whom we must take goo
4、d care of.(2)引 导 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 时 , 必 须 用 关 系 代 词which, 不 用 that。如 : I have lost my bag, which I like very much.(3)关 系 代 词 在 句 中 作 主 语 时 , 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 的 人 称 和 数 必 须和 先 行 词 保 持 一 致 。5.由 that 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 中 ,that 可 以 指 人 或 物 , 在 从 句 中 作 主 语 或 谓 语 动 词 的 宾 语 , 但 不 能 放 在介 词 后 面 作 介 词 宾 语 , 即 介 词 后 只
5、能 用which,不 能 用 that.如 : The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.注 意 : 在 下 面 几 种 情 况 下 必 须 用 that 引 导 定 语 从 句 。(1)先 行 词 是 不 定 代 词 something, nothing, anything, everything 等 ,如 : All that we have to do is to practise English.(2)先 行 词 被 序 数 词 或 形 容 词 最 高 级 所 修 饰 ,如 : The first letter tha
6、t I got from him will be kept in my case .(3)先 行 词 被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some 等 修 饰 ,如 : I have eaten up all the food that you gave me .(4)先 行 词 被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修 饰 时 ,如 :H e is the only person that I want to talk with.(5)先 行 词 既 有 人 又 有 物 时 ,如 :They talk
7、 about persons and things that they met .(6)当 句 中 已 有 who 时 ,为 避 免 重 复 , 如 : Who is the man that is giving us the class?6.由 when, where, why 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 ,如 : I dont know the reason why he was late.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the f
8、irst time.注 意 : 先 行 词 是 表 示 地 点 时 , 如 果 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 是 及 物 的 , 就 用 that(which), 如 果 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 是不及 物 的 , 就 用 where 引 导 。 This is the house which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(where he has lived for 15 year.)7、 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 和 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 :( 1) 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 是 句 中 不 可 缺 少 的 组 成 部 分 , 主
9、句 和 从 句 之 间 不 用 逗 号 隔 开 , 引 导 限 制 性 定 语从 句 的 关 系 代 词 有 :who,whom,whose,which,of which 等 , 这 些 关 系 代 词 都 不 可 省 。( 2) 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 是 对 主 句 先 行 词 的 补 充 说 明 , 没 有 这 种 从 句 , 不 影 响 主 句 意 思 的 完 整 性 , 一般 用 逗 号 将 其 与 主 句 隔 开 , 关 系 代 词 用which,不 用 that;指 人 时 可 用 who.Eg: I have two brothers, who both are bot
10、h students.8、 如 何 简 化 定 于 从 句( 1) 定 语 从 句 简 化 为 形 容 词 或 形 容 词 短 语 作 后 置 定 语 。Eg:My grandfather lives in a village which is far away from here. My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.(2)定 语 从 句 简 化 为 现 在 分 词 或 现 在 分 词 短 语 作 前 置 或 后 置 定 语 。Eg:The man who is standing under the tree is our
11、 English teacher. The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.I saw the house that was burning( 燃 烧 ) at that time. I saw the house burning at that time.(3)定 语 从 句 简 化 为 过 去 分 词 短 语 作 后 置 定 语 。Eg:I like to eat the cakes which are made by my mother. I like to eat the cakes made by my mothe
12、r.(4)定 语 从 句 简 化 为 不 定 式 作 后 置 定 语 。Eg:She is always the first person that comes to school .主 动 She is always the first person to come to school .The report which will be given tomorrow is very importance for us.被 动 The report to be given tomorrow is very importance for us.(5)定 语 从 句 简 化 为 what 从 句
13、。Eg:I couldnt remember the words that he said .I couldnt remember what he said .练 习 、 I单 选 题1. The silk _ is made in Hangzhou sells well.A. that B.who C. what D. /2. The man_today left this message for you.A.called B.has called C.whom called D.who called3. Do you live near the building _color is yel
14、low?A. that B.which C.whose D. its4. He helped his father on the farm _they lived.A. which B.that C.when D. where5. Im one of the boys_never late for school.A.that is B.who is C.who are D.who am6. All_should be done has been done.A.what B.which C.that D.whatever7. Jack told me everything _he knew ab
15、out it.A. what B.that C.which D.who8. My father works in the factory _this type of truck is made.A.in where B.in which C.from which D.of which9. The school_we visited last week was built in 1956.A./ B.where C.that D.both A and C10. This is one of the best films_I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.of w
16、hich D.of that11. In fact the Swede(瑞 典 人 ) did not understand the three questions_were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which12. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which13. His parents wouldnt let him play
17、 with anyone _family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose14. All_is needed is a wonderful meal.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which15. In the dark street ,there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom16. She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart int
18、o her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that17. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom18. Is this the river _I can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one19. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it20.
19、 Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it21. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree22. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. whi
20、ch D. who23. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who s B. whose C. that D. of which.24. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was25. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who26. The world _ is mad
21、e up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live inII 用 适 当 的 关 系 词 填 空 :1) Ill never forget the day on _ they met for the very first time last summer.2) This is the place _ he so often mentioned(提 及 、 谈 论 ) to me.3) The only thing _ interested him was that he coul
22、d do anything _ he wanted to.4) “What a scientist! What a wonderful invention!” he talked excitedly about Bill Gates and his Microsoft Comp -any _ is now a focus (焦 点 ) of newspapers and television.5) He is old, _ fact is important in this case.6) Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen
23、.7) We talked about the things and persons _ we saw then.8) With _ were you talking?9) This is the very present _ my mother gave me.10) Which is the bike _ is made in Shanghai?11) I think this is the most beautiful dress _ I own.12) Those _ want to buy the house may sign their names(签 名 ) first.13) My sister, _ you met in Guangzhou, has bought a new car.14) Thats the way _ they work.