1、形容词和副词用法总结及练习一、形容词的用法：（一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。【难点】2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone 等。 （二）形容词的种类1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face.
2、你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3. -ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如：4. ed 形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如：She looked tired.5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的（三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作：1）定语：What a fine day! 2）表语：She looks happy.3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）：Do
3、you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？4）状语：He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为：（限定词）一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词（名词） 。如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near th
4、e village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。【重点】2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰 somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？二、副词的用法：（一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如： not（不） ，here（这里） ， now（现在）
5、。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如：Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？He will arrive before ten oclock. （介词，before ten oclock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在 10 点钟前到达。（二）副词的种类1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly 等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词1）表示发生时间的副词：Its beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了
6、！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词 always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly 等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词:She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词：1）有不少表示地点的副词：She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：用作介词：Stand up! 起立！用作
7、副词：A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）以 where 构成的副词也是地点副词：Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。【重点】3、方式副词1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答 how 的问题）：How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly 结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。【重点】4、程度副词和强
8、调副词1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度” ： Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗？说明 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b):a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快【重点】2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：a. 修饰形容词等：Im not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。b. 修饰比较级：You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their ho
9、use is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。【重点】5. 疑问副词和连接副词1）疑问副词： 疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？2）连接副词： 连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how: Do you know how to start this m
10、achine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？where: I dont know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）when: Tell me when youll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）why: Thats why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：Lets go inside. 咱们到里面去。Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。（三）副词的位置1. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：Usually I do m
11、y homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在 6 点起床。Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。3. 按一般规则, 既有地
12、点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。说明 形容词一般修饰名词，副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。一些形容词后加上-ly 可以变成副词，如 slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully 等。【基础练习】（一）用所给词的正确形式填空1. The Greens are _ (happy) to live in thi
13、s _(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.2. The panda has been _ (die) for about two months. 3. I like her dress. It looks very _ (beauty).4. Dont feel _ (worry) about your child. The whole class would be _ (friend) to the new classmate.5. The _ (finally) exams usually take plac
14、e at the end of June.6. Its _ (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.7. Its a _ (please) trip for all of us.8. The children in China are living a _ (color) life.9. It was an _ (amaze) match. It amazed us.10.He felt very _ (sleep) and fell _ (sleep) soon when he lay in bed. 11.We all had
15、 a very _ (enjoy) time at the party. （二）选择最佳答案( )1. These oranges taste_.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well( )2. I cant pay _ as he asked for. A. a as high price B.as a high price C.as high price D.as high a price( )3. We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ? I have to
16、 do many things this evening . Im _ , you see .A. free B. glad C. sorry D. busy( )4. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Lets give him _ to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something ( )5.The _ person is talking with the doctor. A. ill
17、B. sick C. illness D. sickness ( ) 6. The day is bright and _ . Lets go for a walk .A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy( ) 7. Look ! _ beautiful that lake is !A. What B. How C. How a D. What a( ) 8. -I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow.- I wont, _.A. neither B. either C. too D. also ( ) 9. He likes
18、 to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _.A. too B. either C. neither D. also ( ) 10.That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out.A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but ( ) 11. Whats on the desk?Its _ . A. a new green bag B. new green bag C. a green mew bag D. a bag n
19、ew green ( ) 12. The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly( ) 13. He_ to school to clean his classroom.A. always comes early B. comes always early C. always early comes D. come always earlier( ) 14. I got up_today.A.
20、 later B. more lately C. lately D. late( ) 15. Alice_goes to school at seven.A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little三、形容词的比较等级：（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级一般情况 加-er 或-est newlongnewerlongernewestlongest以 e 结尾的词 加-r 或-st finelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变 y 为 i
21、再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er 或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加 more 或 most。如：原级 比较级 最高级useful more useful most usefuldifficult more difficult most difficultdelicious more delicious most delicious【重点】3有几个形容词
22、的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthestold older oldest（二） 形容词比较级的用法1形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2也可以和 than 连用，表示两者相比，than 后可以跟：a. 名词或代词：He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我
23、大。b. 动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c. 从句：I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三） 形容词比较级的修饰语1形容词比较级前可加 much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly 之类表示程度的状语：Hes feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。2也可在比较级前 any, no, some, even, still 这类词：Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？3
24、比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。【难点】（四）形容词比较级的特殊用法1和 more 有关的词组 ：1) the morethe more 越就越。例如：The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。2) no more than 与一样。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3） more than 超过，不只是。例如：Ther
25、e are more than two thousand people in the hall.2和 less 有关的词组1) less than 不到 不太：It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多达 不少于No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了 2 百万人。3) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。3还有 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1) not so/asas。例如：He ca
26、nnot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。2) 当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/；as + manymuch +名词。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as 的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room
27、 is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。（五） 形容词最高级用法1the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。说明 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常“ 。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错）
28、 Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most in
29、telligent in his class. 或者：Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词 the 可以省略。例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。2.形容词最高级还可和 at 构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at most 等。例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。【基础练习】( ) 1 Your room is
30、 _ than mine.A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the
31、more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best D. most( ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficult
32、C. much difficult D. more difficult( ) 7 Who jumped_of all?A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class.A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall( ) 10 English is one of_ sp
33、oken in the world.A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language( )11. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of.A. are B. is C. has D. have( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box.A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D.
34、strong enough( )13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong?A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest( )14 Do you have _ to tell us?A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. riche
35、r and richer D. rich and rich四、副词的比较等级：（一）概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er 或-est; 多音节词以及-ly 结尾的副词（early 除外） ，前面加more 或 most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级soonloudfastwideearlyhappilycarefullysoonerlouderfasterwiderearliermore happilymore ca
36、refullysoonestloudestfastestwidestearliestmost happilymost carefully2）不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距离）further（程度 ）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用：Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slo
37、wly. 请讲慢一点。2、和 than 一起使用：He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. asas 和 not soas 结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一
38、样”，后面的副词要用原级：She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中，asas 和 soas 都可以用：I dont go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语：She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词 the:He laughs bes
39、t who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1）more and more 越来越:It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2）the morethe more 越，越：The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越
40、多，完成的就越多。3）had better 最好：Wed better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？英语中考考纲基础知识练习（形容词和副词）A 卷选择填空：1.Peter looked _ when he learned that he hadnt passed the final exam.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even _. A, worse B, w
41、orst C, more bad D, more badly3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so _!A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty4.The car stopped so _ that the bus behind almost ran into it.A, closely B, immediately C, suddenly D, soon5.We must finish cleaning the office _.A, as soon as possible
42、 B, as quickly as soon C, as possible as soon D, as soon as possibly6.What she said this time sounds _.A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly7.I didnt work _ my brother when I was young.A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, hardly8.Im going to move _. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.A, some
43、where quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere9.Last year, 15 typhoons (台风) hit China and Khanun was _.A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest10.Its a good habit to keep the classroom _ all the time.A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean11.When class was over, our maths te
44、acher came into the classroom and said, “Please stay at your seat. I have got _ to announce.”A, nothing important B, important something C, important nothing D, something important12.In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make.A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, f
45、ew D, more careful, fewer13.What is _ joke you have ever heard?A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest14.This kind of material feels _ silk.A, differently from B, the same to C, different as D, different from15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were _ among the five Olympic mascots (吉祥物).A, popula
