1、1初中英语宾语从句讲解分析与练习一、基本讲解1 概念 :在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。 eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语 )He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语 )Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语 )2.连接词(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用 that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2
2、)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 , 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下， whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用 whether 不用 ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用 whether.eg, Please let me know what
3、to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if 当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用 whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态
4、。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）2注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的
5、使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk? I do
6、nt know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn
7、, forget, remember, decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是 ask，tell, show, teach 等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式 ”结构。如
8、：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see ，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. 3She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化 that 引，一般疑问
9、句用 if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。4宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. How5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. How6.I
10、 wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9
11、.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. wh
12、ose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy cryin
13、g15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a 5t
14、alk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. If17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We don
15、t know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do21. Did you hear _? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say 22. Can you tell me _? A. which class you are in B. which class are you in C. you are in which class D. ar
16、e you in which class 23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 24. Could you tell me where _ yesterday? A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went 25. Tom as
17、ked me _. A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was 26. Excuse me, could you tell me _? A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus station C. whats she doing D. where the post office is 27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _. A. she liv
18、es where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live 28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there 29. - Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in a small town. A. where he lives B. who is singin
19、g C. when he will leave D. what he said 30. Have you decided _ for London? 6宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案 D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。2. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，where 作从句的宾语。3. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序，where 表示地点。4. 参考答案 A if 表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案 B 有 or not， 所以用 whether.6. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序.7. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。8.
20、参考答案 A whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序。10. 参考答案 D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案 C if 连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12. 参考答案 B whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。13. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序。14. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案 C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参
21、考答案 B 有 or not 就用 whether.17. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18. 参考答案 B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选 B 就是没有人做什么，us 后面是宾语从句，而 us 是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 C 选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选 B.19. 参考答案 D 我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What 做to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。21. 参考答案 B 宾语从句用陈
22、述语序，what 作从句的宾语。22. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序，哪一个班，所以用 which class.23. 参考答案 D 你能告诉我怎样可以去车站，当然可以。宾语从句用陈述语序，怎样用 how.24. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序。25. 参考答案 B 宾语从句用陈述语序，谁的衬衫用表示所有格的 whose，后面需要跟名词。26. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，邮局在哪儿，需用表示地点的 where.27. 参考答案 C 我想去看王夫人，但是我不知道她住在哪里。宾语从句用陈述语序。28. 参考答案 B 宾语从句用陈述语序29. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用相应的时态，他住在哪里应用一般现在时态，是现在的一种状态。30. 参考答案 B 你还没有决定什么时候去伦敦吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，因为是你打算去伦敦，现在并没有在伦敦，或是已经去过了，所以从句用一般将来7时。31. 参考答案 D 不好意思打扰了，你能告诉我，我们将在哪儿检票呢？宾语从
