1、介词介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in，under ，on，for ，after 等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如 in front of，instead of，far from 等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词名词/ 代词等” 构成的短语，如 at school，by bus，on Sunday 等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子) ，如 after，before 等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作
2、副词，如 above，below 等。介词是中考试卷中的“常客” ，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。一、对时间介词的考查介词 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 语at 表示在某个时刻或是瞬间 用在节假日前表示“在期间” 用于某些固定搭配I usually get up at half past six.Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas.at noon; at night; at midnighton 表示在具体的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等 I like
3、 visiting friends on Sundays.The accident happened on a rainy evening.in 用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上“in+ 时间段 ”，表示“ 在之后”，常用于一般将来时态in January; in summer; in the 1990sin the morning / afternoon / eveningShe says that her mother will be back _ (两个小时后) .during 在期间 during the summer holidaysbefore 在之前
4、He will be back before suppertime.after “after+ 具体时刻”，表示“在之后”after three oclock / lunch / AugustHe will arrive _ (after / in) an hour.“after+ 时间段”不与将来时连用。since后接时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从以来”He has taught English since 2001.I havent seen him since he left last time.for 后接时间段，表示“持续一段时间” He has lived here for ei
5、ght years.till / until 表示持续到某个时候 not until 意为“ 直到才”It may last till / until next Friday.We cant get off the bus until it stops.from from to 意为“从到” We go to school from Monday to Friday.by 表示“在之前”、“不迟于” 表示“到为止”You must be here by ten oclock tomorrow.by the end of last year / next year; by now【例题】1. I
6、 was born _ December 17. This year Ill hold a birthday party for it at home.A. on B. at C. in D. by2. Do you know Victory Day in China?Yes, its _ September 3rd _ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history. A. in; on B. on;
7、 / C. at; / D. on; in3. For many Western people, they drink cold water even _ winter.A. on B. for C. at D. in4. The charity walk begins _ 9:00. Dont be late. No problem.A. at B. by C. in D. on5. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _ four days.A. after B. for C. during D. in6. (短文填空)After wa
8、lking around _ some time, she came to a river.7. (首字母填空) He has been away from home s_ two days ago.8. (句子填空) The Highland Museum is opened every day _ Monday.二、对地点、方位介词的考查介 词 图 示 意 义 例 句11 in 在之内The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教室里读书。22 on 在上面The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。33 beneath在
9、下面(紧贴着表面)The sun is now beneath the horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。44 over在（正）上方There are several bridges over the river.河上有好几座桥。55 under在（正）下方The boat sailed under the bridge.船在桥下行驶。66 above 在上方The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。77 below 在下方The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。88by / beside 在旁边Tom i
10、s sitting by / beside the window.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。99 near 在附近I dont need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。110 next to 紧挨My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。111 behind 在后面Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。112 outside 在外面He parked his car outside the theater.他
11、把汽车停在剧场外面。113 to 到去We walked to the fruit shop.我们步行到水果店。114 from 从来We traveled to London from Edinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。115 (a)round 围绕We all sat around the table.我们都围绕着桌子坐。116 between在之间（指二者）The letter B is between A and C.字母 B 在 A 和 C 之间。117 among在之间（指三者或三者以上）The house stands among the trees.房子在树丛中。11
12、8 across横过、越过(从表面跨过)If the road is busy, dont walk across it.如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。119 through穿过(从内部穿过)We drove through the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。220 past / by从旁边经过/ 路过I went past / by a bakery on my way home.我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。221 onto 到上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。222 into 到里They put the a
13、pples into the baskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。223 out of 从出来Dont look out of the window in class.上课时不要朝窗外看。224 along 沿着Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。at, in, on 表示地点的用法：at 表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。如：at the bus stop；in 表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。如：in shangha
14、i；on 表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。如：on the table 等。in, on, to 表示方位的用法：范围之内用 in；相邻、接壤用 on；不相邻或隔海相望用 to。【例题】9. I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long.Yes. And the temperature stays _ zero all the time.A. at B. below C. around D. above10. In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often rem
15、ains _ zero all day.A. above B. below C. over D. under11. The bank is _ the bookstore and the post office.A. at the front of D. among C. between D. in12. You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A. across B. below C. over D. through13. Excuse me, where is the bookstore?Go _ the bridge. Youll see
16、 it on your left.A. on B. cross C. across D. through14. Heilongjiang Province is _ the northeast of China. A. to B. in C. on D. at15. Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A. between B. with C. in D. under16. Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ him.A. at the top of B. at the end of C. in the mi
17、ddle of D. in front of三、对手段、方法介词的考查介词 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 语by by+ 交通工具： “乘坐交通工具” by doing sth.：“通过某种方式”He goes to school by bus every day.I learn English by listening to the radio.in in+语言类名词：“用某种语言 ” in+工具：“用某种工具或材料 ”Can you say it in English?Dont write it in pencil. Write it in ink.with with+工具：“用某种工具
18、或材料” with the help of：“在的帮助下”I often do my homework with a pen.With the help of him, I won the match.on 通过某个设备 He listens to music on the radio.【例题】17. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money _ the Internet.A. through B. along C. across D. towards18. More and more people in Sha
19、nghai choose to go to work _ underground.A. in B. with C. by D. for19. Gina, whats this _ English?A. by B. for C. in D. with20. We can save money _ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A. by B. to C. for D. with四、对其他常用介词的考查介词 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 语about 大约“关于”，只表示“和有关” There are about 60 pupil
20、s in my class.I want to tell you a story about animals.on “关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的 Its a book on animals. 这是一本论及动物的书。(学术专著)like “像一样” He talked to me like his father.as “作为；以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词 As a volunteer, I must try my best to help you with your problems.except “除之外”，指从整体中除去一部分 We are all here e
21、xcept Li Ming.（李明不在这儿）besides “除之外还有（包括在内）” We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在这儿）with 表示伴随，意为“和一起” I went to plant trees with my friends.without 表示“没有”，常作状语 He left without saying a word.for 表示目的，意为“为了” 表示原因、理由 He came here for a cup of tea.Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”.towards “朝方向” A dog
22、is running towards me.off “离开，脱离” Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。against 靠着；反对 He is sleeping soundly against a tree.instead of “代替” I went swimming instead of watching TV.because of “因为”，表示原因 I didnt go out because of the bad weather.【例题】21. Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her?Of
23、course. She was tall and thin _ long hair.A. in B. with C. on D. for22. Jack had to stop working though it was _ his own wishes.A. on B. for C. against D. by23. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldnt kill them _ food or clothing.A. in B. with C. about D. for24. It is great _ us to get so many fav
24、ourite books on International Childrens Book Day.A. to B. with C. of D. for25. He looked at me and, _ a word, smiled.A. in B. with C. without D. for26. All of us went to the park _ Bob. He had to look after his sister.A. besides B. with C. except D. besides五、对介词短语的考查搭配情况介 词 固 定 搭 配at at night / noon
25、; at once; at first / last; at home / school / workafter after school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after allby by the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accidentin in class; in time; in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxion on time; on duty; on business; on foot; o
26、n a train / ship / planefor for example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea / technology forto the answer to / the way to / the key to与名词的搭配with have problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with / make friends withabout worry about; talk about; think about; learn / know aboutat look at; laugh at;
27、 shout at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at swh.for look for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb.from hear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made fromon depend on; get on; call on sb.;（put on; try on; turn on）off get off; fall off; show off;（ take off; see sb. off）to be
28、long to; listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; say hello / hi to与动词的搭配with begin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along with sb.about be sure about; be sorry about与形容词的搭配at be mad at; be good / bad at; be surprised at; be talented atof be afraid / scared of; be sure / pro
29、ud / fond / jealous / full ofwith be busy / strict / angry / popular / satisfied / covered / filled within be interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth.for be famous for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad forto be polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / bad to sb
30、.from be away from; be different from; be away from【例题】27. My mother says my friend is similar _ me, but I think she is different _ me.A. as; from B. to; from C. to; to D. as; to28. This photo reminded the old man _ the days when he was young.A. with B. for C. by D. of29. They hope it can protect th
31、em _ terrible air.A. in B. from C. for D. at30. When the king saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled _ joy.A. in B. of C. by D. with31. This kind of dress is _ this year, and I really want to get oneA. in danger B. in trouble C. in style D. in time32. Mr. Yangs daughter is pretty good _
32、 drawing pictures and won many prizes.A. with B. for C. in D. at33. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so were proud _ them.A. in B. on C. of D. for34. I learn _ my teacher and my classmates at the corner.A. to B. at C. for D. from35. Compared _ some unhappy people, those who are
33、always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds.A. at B. with C. in D. of附：介词的省略省略情况 示 例表示时间的短语中介词的省略。(in) this morning / afternoon / evening; (on) the next day;(in) next week / month / year; (in) last night / week / year;(on) the day before yesterday; (in) the year before last; (on) tomo
34、rrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day 在肯定句中表示一段时间的 for 常可省略。I have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon.He has studied English (for) five years.在“of+大小、形状、年龄”等结构中，of 常省略。When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you.The desks in our class are (of) the same colour, material, s
35、hape, height and length.在 here，there，home等副词前。 come (to) here; go (to) there; go (to) home某些习语中的省略。be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in) this / that way 以这种 /那种方法stop / prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事spend (in) doing sth. 在做某事上花费have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事中遇到麻烦help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事三、
36、即时训练1. This food is free. You dont have to _ it.A. look for B. pay for C. ask for D. wait for2. You see, Kevin is writing _ his left hand.A. at B. as C. for D. with3. _ age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.A. In B. At C. On D. For4. We can be thankful every day, not just _ Thanksgi
37、ving Day.A. in B. on C. to D. by5. This school is different _ others. It has many out-of-class activities.A. off B. from C. of D. for6. Jessica took part in the English competition _ the morning of April tenth.A. in B. on C. to D. by7. Dont play computer games too much. Its bad _ your eyes.A. for B.
38、 with C. on D. at8. Sam likes skating very much. He has been skating _ four hours.A. for B. since C. with D. in9. When is Henrys birthday party, Lynn?The 18th, _ about three oclock in the afternoon.A. in B. at C. on D. to10. Remember to run _ the road quickly while it is clear.A. across B. for C. af
39、ter D. of11. Excuse me. Where is the Hope Cinema?Go up this road to the end. Go _ the bridge and youll find it.A. cross B. crossing C. across D. down12. Zhang Mei really wants to improve her English. She often practises English _ chatting with her English friend Tony.A. in B. by C. for D. with13. Wh
40、at are Mexicans supposed to do when they meet _ the first time?They are supposed to shake hands.A. for B. on C. among D. in14. Dont worry _ your physics. I will help you _ it.A. with; about B. about; on C. on; about D. about; with15. They had a picnic _ the foot of the mountain last Sunday.A. for B. to C. of D. at参考答案：1-5. ABDAD 6. for 7. since 8. except 9-10. DB 11-15. CACBC 16-20. DACCA21-25. BCDDC 26-30. CBDBD 31-35. CDCDB即时训练1-5. BDBBB 6-10. BAABA 11-15. CBADD
