1、情态动词归纳表情态 V 词义 have to 多表客观、过去义务2 mustnt 表“禁止“；否定用 neednt / dont have tomust2.表推测：“肯定是、准是”只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could（1）表示必然结果：All men must die.人固有一死。（2）表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩，可译为“一定要、偏偏、非要”：If you must know, her name is Mary.1.表意愿,决心等 Would 此时为 will 过去式，无意义差别2.表经常性，习惯性，倾向性，Would 表过去反复的动作/某种倾向( 相对于 us
2、ed to 无“现已无此习惯”之义。)3.表功能，性质 叙述真理：The tree will leave without water for 3 months.4.表估计：“想必，大概” （只时态区别）此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would 表示过去/现在；will 表示现在/将来)willwould5.表“请求/要求”（Will you ？）此意用于疑问句，常与 you 连用Will you give me a piece of paper?（1）will 表命令（说话者确定命令一定会得到执行）或允诺：You will repo
3、rt to me afterwards.(命令)They will get enough money from me.(允诺)（2）可用于祈使句附加疑问句(反义疑问句)：( 此时 would 比 will 委婉) Dont go now, will you?（3）woul 短语：would rather/would prefer 宁愿；would like/would love 喜欢/想要（见注意）1.表征求意见（“好不好” ）用在第一、三人称 Shall the reporters wait outside or what?2.表允诺、威胁、警告、命令或根据规定有义务做用于第二、第三人称Pa
4、ssengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is movingshall （shant）3.表规章、法令、预言：“必须”用于所有人称Every competitor shall wear a number点 2 其他示例：He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺) You shall fail if you dont work harder.（警告）You shall come at once.（命令）1.表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝告：You ought to
5、/should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.2.表示推测和可能性，是“ (按理说)应该”之意肯定的语气没有 must 用于推测时强This pen ought to /should be yours. shouldought to3.表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气此意常用于第一人称时：You are mistaken , I should say . (依我看你是搞错了)（1）should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解，惋惜，感到意外，赞叹，愤怒、惊异等感情，意为“竟会” ，有时也用于陈述句中（2）Should 还可以
6、用在 if 引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能，相当于“万一”的意思。 （见注意）高考热点透视热点一：表猜测的情态动词的用法。词形 使用场合 对现在和未来的推测对过去事情的推测must 肯定句 must+动词原形 must have donemay/might 肯定句、否定句 may+动词原形 may/might have donecan/could 否定句、疑问句 can/could +动词原形 can/could have doneshould 肯定句、否定句、疑问句用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should+动词原形should have done
7、热点二：情态动词+have done情态动词+have done 的用法有两种含义：1. 对过去情况的猜测。由表猜测的情态动词+have done 构成。上表已经提到。2. 表示与过去事实的主观设想。有轻微的责备、后悔之意。请参看下表：情态动词+have done 用法 例句must have done 对过去进行推测表 “想必、准是一定做了”The light were out. They must have been asleep.can have donecant have done否定、疑问句中，表“怀疑和不肯定” He cant have forgotten it.Can he ha
8、ve gone to his aunts?could have donecouldnt have done表“本来可以做某事的（却没有）否定表“不可能 ”You could have done better, but you were too careless.Mr wang couldnt have gone to Beijing, for I saw him just now.might have done 表“本来应该或可以/能做某事的（却没有）You might have given me more help, though you were busy.should/ought toh
9、ave done用于肯定句中时，表示“ 本该做某事” ，而实际上未做；用于否定句中时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。You should/ought to have been more careful.You shouldnt have spoken to your parents in this way.neednt have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事。The weather turned out fine. You neednt have taken your umbrella with you.had better have done表示“ 当时做了某事就好了” ，其否定句表相反的
10、含义。You had better have started earlier.You had better not have quarrelled with her.would rather have done表示“ 当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定句表相反的含义。两者都表“ 后悔 ”之意。I would rather have taken her advice.I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.Would like/love to have done表示愿意做某事，但未做成。
11、I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.热点三：shall ，will，must 等1. Shall 用于第一人称疑问句中表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。例：The room is so dirty. _ we clean it?Of course. ( 03 上海春招 )A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 用于第二人称陈述句表示说话人或他人的意图、命令、允诺、警告、命令等。例：“The interes
12、t _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04 重庆，24)A. may B. should C. must D. shall2. Will 表示意愿或意志。例：I _ argue with you. 当主语是物时，则表示“不起作用” 。例：The drawer _ shut.3. Must 表“必须、一定要”。例： Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. （02，天津 ）A. may B. can C. must D. shall
