1、i本科毕业论文（20 届）馈能式铅酸蓄电池快速充电方法的研究所在学院专业班级 电气工程及其自动化学生姓名指导教师完成日期ii目 录摘要 .IAbstract.II1 绪论 .11.1 研究的背景及意义 .11.2 当前铅酸蓄电池快速充电方法的研究情况 .11.3 本文的主要研究内容、方案 .21.3.1 本文的主要内容 .21.3.2 本文的研究方案 .32 铅酸蓄电池充放电原理 .42.1 铅酸蓄电池简介 .42.1.1 铅酸蓄电池结构 .42.1.2 铅酸蓄电池的工作原理 .42.1.3 铅酸蓄电池的工作特性 .62.2 高频谐振式修复技术 .62.2.1 修复原理 .62.2.2 修复电
2、路 .73 铅酸蓄电池的充电方法 .83.1 供电电源主变换器的设计 .83.1.1 主变换器的参数指标 .83.1.2 半桥型软开关电路的工作原理 .83.1.3 半桥型软开关电路参数设计 .103.2 电源功率回路的设计 .113.2.1 EMI 滤波器的设计 .113.2.2 输入整流回路的设计 .123.2.3 功率器件选型 .133.2.4 高频变压器设计 .133.2.5 输出整流回路设计 .163.3 PWM 控制芯片及外围电路设计 .173.3.1 TL494 简介 .17iii3.3.2 TL494 工作原理 .183.3.3 PWM 控制器的构成 .183.4 高频谐波电路
3、功率回路设计 .193.4.1 高频谐波电路结构及工作过程 .193.4.2 高频谐波电路参数设计 .203.5 高频谐波电路控制回路设计 .213.5.1 SG3525 简介 .213.5.2 SG3525 的工作原理 .223.5.3 PWM 控制器的构成 .234 正负脉冲充电电路分析与设计 .244.1 传统的正负脉冲充电电路分析 .244.2 馈能式正负脉冲充电电路框图 .254.3 开关电源主电路设计 .264.3.1 主电路的参数指标 .264.3.2 全桥整流电路工作原理 .264.3.3 主电路工作原理 .274.3.4 控制电路工作原理 .284.4 充放电电路设计 .30
4、5 电路仿真 .325.1 电路仿真 .345.1.1 单端正激电路的仿真 .345.1.2 双向 Buck-Boost 电路的仿真 .35结束语 .38参考文献 .39致谢 .40ivAbstract.I1 Introduction.11.1 Background and significance of the study.11.2 Research on the current lead-acid battery fast charging method .11.3 The main contents of this article, Scheme .21.3.1 The main con
5、tent of this article .21.3.2 Research programs of this article.32 Lead-acid battery charge and discharge principle .42.1 Lead-acid batteries Introduction .42.1.1 Lead-acid battery structure .42.1.2 Lead-acid battery works .42.1.3 Lead-acid battery performance characteristic.62.2 High frequency reson
6、ant repair techniques .62.2.1 Repair Principle .62.2.2 Repair circuit .73 Lead-acid battery charging method .83.1 Design of the main power supply converter .83.1.1 Parameter index of 11 main converter.83.1.2 It works half-bridge soft switching circuit .83.1.3 Half-bridge soft switching circuit param
7、eters .103.2Power Circuit Design.113.2.1 EMI filter design .113.2.2 Design input rectifier circuit .123.2.3 Power Devices Selection .133.2.4 high-frequency transformer design.133.2.5 Output rectification circuit design .163.3 PWM control chip and peripheral circuit design .173.3.1 About TL494.173.3.
8、2 The Principle of TL494.183.3.3 Constitution of PWM .183.4 Harmonic circuit power circuit design .193.4.1 The harmonic structure and working process circuit .19v3.4.2 Harmonic circuit parameters .203.5 Harmonic circuit control loop design .213.5.1 About SG3525 .213.5.2 The Principle of G3525.223.5.
9、3 Constitution of PWM.234 Positive and negative pulse charging circuit analysis and design .244.1 The traditional analysis of positive and negative pulse charging circui .244.2 Positive and negative pulse charging formula-fed can block circuit diagram.254.3 The main circuit switching power supply de
10、sign .264.3.1Parameter index of the main circuit.264.3.2Full bridge rectifier circuit works .264.3.3Main circuit works.274.4Design of charge-discharge circuit .305 Circuit simulation .325.1Circuit simulation .345.1.1 Single-ended forward circuit simulation.345.1.2 Bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit si
11、mulation .35Conclusion .38References .39Acknowledge .40I馈能式铅酸蓄电池快速充电方法的研究摘要：二十一世纪以来，在电动自行车、电动汽车、互联网、通讯、等各个领域，铅酸蓄电池的应用范围十分广泛。随之而来，电池的失效、报废、修复等问题日益突出。针对铅酸蓄电池在充电、放电过程中存在的电解液结晶、极板硫化等问题，本文设计了一种新型的高频谐振式修复系统。该系统运用恒压电源叠加高频谐波信号的方法，产生频率范围极宽的谐波信号。该谐波信号将与硫酸铅晶体发生谐振，将各种体积和形状的硫酸铅晶体溶解，从而消除了铅酸蓄电池的硫化，进而恢复蓄电池原有容量。本文的研
12、究内容如下：研究分析半桥软开关电源拓扑电路。分析该电路的工作过程、分析该电路电压和电流波形，设计与之适应的 EMI 滤波器、输入整流电路、高频变压器、输出整流回路等相关电路，另外，设计供电电路的 PWM 控制电路。高频谐波电路中主电路的设计。分析了高频谐波回路的电路结构及其工作过程，同时对电路中元件的参数进行计算并选型，另外，设计高频谐波回路的控制电路，该电路以 SG3525 控制芯片为核心，本文介绍了 SG3525 工作原理和 PWM 控制器电路的构成。修复仪控制系统的软件设计。本文以 ATmega32 单片机为基础，设计了主要包括开关管控制、容量选择等多个智能模块。对系统软件主程序和部分关
13、键程序的仿真和分析。基于 ICC_AVR 和 Proteus 软件的开发平台对所设计的程序进行了仿真及试验，并根据实验结个部分的程序。关键词： 铅酸蓄电池 高频谐振 ATmega32单片机 充电修复系统IIResearch fed lead-acid batteries can be fast charging methodAbstract：In recent years, electric vehicles, automobiles, IT communications, electricity and other lines in various fields, lead-acid bat
14、teries have been widely used. At the same time, the failure of the battery, scrap, repair issues become increasingly prominent. For the plate curing issues such as lead-acid batteries in the charge-discharge process, we designed a new type of high-frequency resonant repair system. The system utilize
15、s a constant voltage power supply method of superposition of high frequency harmonic signals, to produce an extremely wide frequency range of harmonic signals. These harmonic signals will occur and lead sulfate crystal resonator, a variety of sizes and shapes of lead sulfate crystals were dissolved,
16、 thereby eliminating the vulcanization of the lead-acid battery, and then restore the original battery capacity. The paper is organized as follows: Study and analysis of the half-bridge power supply circuit topology. Analysis of the topology in continuous inductor current work process analysis of the circuit of the voltage and current waveforms of the circuit design to adapt with EMI filter, input rectifier circuit, high frequency tra
