1、初中英语定语从句讲解一、专题精讲 知识点 1：定语从句的基础知识1. 定语的概念：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可以作定语的成分有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副 词 、介词短语、动词不定式（短语） 、分词、从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中， “的”是定语的标志。e.g.: 1. She is a beautiful girl.(形容词作定语)2. It is a school bus.(名词作定语) 3. Her name is Lily./ Davids car is broken.(代词或者名词所有格作
2、定语)4. There are two boys in the classroom.(数词作定语)5. The woman there needs help. / People now have their festival dinners at restaurants.(副词 作定语)6. The man in the kitchen is my father. (介词短语作定语)7. There is nothing to do today. (动词不定式作定语)8. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his father(分词作定语)9. The
3、re are five boys who will play the game. (从句作定语)例 1： 翻译下列短语，并画出这些短语中定语的位置。1. a naval pilot_ 2. two huge objects_3. the rocks on the moon_ 4. the girl in red_5. the village far away_ 6. a library with lots of books_7. the first man that walked on the moon_1. a naval pilot 2. two huge objects3. the ro
4、cks on the moon 4. the girl in red5. the village far away 6. a library with lots of books7. the first man that walked on the moon总结：用单词充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之前，做前置定语。用短语充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之后，做后置定语。2. 定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，所以也称作形容词性从句。e.g.: The man who is shaking hands wit
5、h my father is a policeman. (修饰名词 the man)Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. (修饰代词 anyone)3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (the people 为先行词，被横线部分及定语从句部分修饰)4. 关系词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有 that, which
6、, who, whom, whose；例 2：判断下列复合句是否含有定语从句，如果有，在括号内打 “”并在句中把定语从句画出来。1. Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.( )2. There are reports which say Armstrong and Aldrin saw alien spacecraft when they were on the moon.( )3. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world reali
7、ze that space exploration was truly possible. ( )4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom.( ) 5. Many people believe that aliens were watching the astronauts when they landed.( ) 知识点 2： 关系词的作用及分类1. 关系词的作用：A. 引导定语从句； B. 代替先行词； C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。e.g.: The m
8、an who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词 the man，在定语从句中作主语。2. 关系词的分类：引导定语从句的词分为关系代词和关系副词I. 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。1.who 指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，且做宾语时，常可省略；e.g.
9、: The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （做主语）Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree? （做主语）The girl (who) you talk to just now is my friend. （做宾语）2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略，一般也可用 who 替代。但在介词后面只能用 whom。e.g.: Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. The man who/whom y
10、ou met just now is my friend.Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. （在介词后面不用 who）3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。e.g.: Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (做主语) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. (做宾语)4. that 既可指人也可指物。指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于
11、which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (做主语，指代人)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (做宾语，指代人)The picture that is on the wall cost much. (做主语，指代物Did you see the computer that I bought yesterday? (做宾语，指代物)5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被
12、修饰的名词。e.g.: He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the bo
13、ok the color of which is yellow? (批注：此部分选讲)检测题（一）：单项选择( ) 1. -The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.-Yes. They are helping the people _ are suffering from the earthquake. (2010 扬州)A. which B. what C. / D. who ( ) 2. They want to develop a kind a dog-friendly food _ will help dog owners cool
14、down their pets. (2010 常州)A. who B. what C. which D. whether ( ) 3. The girl _won the gold medal comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. (2010 镇江)A. who B. which C. what D. whom ( ) 4. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. (2
15、011 扬州)A. what B. who C. that D. /( ) 5. Who is your favourite writer?Mo Yan. He is the first Chinese person _ wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. A. which B. where C. that D. whom( ) 6. I like the photo I took on the beach yesterday. What do you think of it?Well, really nice!A. where B. when C. wh
16、ich D. who( ) 7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week.A. what B. who C. whom D. that答案：D C A C C C D知识点 3：关系代词的选用一般情况下，that 既可以指人又可指物，可以代替 who, whom 和 which, 在从句中做主语，表语和谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后做介词的宾语；which 指物，在从句中做主语、表语或谓语动词及介词后的宾语；who 在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，whom 在从句中做宾语，whose 在句子
17、中作定语。注意：whom 为 who 的宾格形式。具体用法如下：1) that & which在下列情况下，定语从句中一般只用 which 引导： (1)先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that. Eg：What s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 ? (2)关系代词前有介词时 ,一般用 which,而不用 that. Eg：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句 ,用 which, 而不用 that. Eg：Tom came
18、back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。在下列情况下，定语从句中一般只用 that 引导：(1) 当先行词为 everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little 等词时，或当先行词被 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时：e.g.: Everything that they said was true. He is dead and theres nothing that can be done. There was little t
19、hat we could do to help her. These walls are all that remain of the ancient city. (2) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.: The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben. She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught. (3) 当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时。e.g.: This is the ver
20、y grammar book (that) I want to buy. Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of. (4) 当先行词为 who 或前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。e.g.: Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (5) 当先行词为人与事物或动物时。e.g.: The
21、 driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered. 批注：定语从句需要注意做题顺序，首先找到主句的部分，然后剩余的部分则是定语从句的部分，所修饰的词即是先行词，若先行词是物，则在 which 和 that 中选择；若先行词是人，则在 who 和 that 中选择。但有时定语从句并不是紧跟着先行词，可能会被介词分开。例如： Please show me the watch of Yao Ming which your grandmother bought you as the birthday pr
22、esent. (the watch 为先行词) 因为 which your grandmother bought you as the birthday present 所修饰的词不可能是Yao Ming 所以从句应该修饰的是 the watch.2) who& that当先行词是人，但是与定语从句被其他词所分隔时，一般不能用 that 代替 whoe.g.: Dont tell anyone about the secret who oughtnt to know. I was the only person in my office who was invited.例 1：用关系词 who
23、, which, that 完成句子1) The first film _ made Zhang Ziyi famous was directed by director Zhang Yimou.2) A doctor is a person_ looks after peoples health.3) A plane is a machine _ can fly.答案：1) that 2) who/ that 3) that/ which例 2：Do you remember the report about the teacher _ was read by our monitor las
24、t week?A. which B. what C. whom D. who 例 3： The report and the teacher _disappeared have not yet been found.A. which B. who C. that D. /知识点四：定语从句的主谓一致定语从句中关系代词 that, which, who 所代替的先行词可以是单数，也可以是复数，且他们本身无单数和复数的变化。如果它们在定语从句中作主语。那么从句中谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。e.g.: I, who am your best friend, will do all that
25、I can to help you.The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month. He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.（ one of +复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.（ the (only) one /the very one the right one of +复数名词
26、 +关系代词 引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）批注：关于 one 的相关内容，可以作为衔接的知识和孩子讲解，具体地，老师根据孩子的情况进行删选。例 1：The sunlight we are all used to _(include) seven different colors. (2012 无锡)答案：includes例 2：The words that we should pay attention to _ on the blackboard. (08 宿迁)A. being written B. are written C. is writing D. writing 答案：B例
27、 3：翻译句子：她就是给你儿子动手术的那个医生。She is the doctor_答案：who/ that operates on your son例 1：选用关系代词 who, which 或 that 连接下列句子。1. The building is our school. / The building stands by the river.2. This is the nurse. The nurse came here this morning.3. The computer is made in Japan. My father bought me a computer.解析：
28、利用上面的规则，先行词在定语从句中不复出现，所以做连接句子题时，只需要找到相同的词，将其作为先行词即可。1 中重复的词时 the building 所以以 building 作为先行词，stands by the river 作为定语从句，而先行词是物，用that 和 which 都可以。以此类推。答案：1. The building that/ which stands by the river is our school.2. This is the nurse that/ who came here this morning.3. The computer which/ that my
29、father bought me is made in Japan.二、专题过关检测题（二）：选用关系代词 who, which 或 that 连接下列句子。1. I love this city. / I was born in this city._2. I am reading a book. My father bought it for me as my birthday present yesterday._3. The woman is speaking at the meeting. The woman is my mother._4. The man is her broth
30、er. The man is standing under the tree._5. Bruce Lee was one of the greatest actors. Many fans were crazy about him._检测题（二）：将下列句子翻译成中文。1. Tom is the only student who came up with the answer._2. Have you found information which you need for your composition?_3. Would you please tell me something abou
31、t the person that you talked to just now?_4. She will meet a friend of hers who she hasnt seen for many years._5. The report that we listened to yesterday morning was really interesting._答案：1. 汤姆是想出答案的唯一一个学生。2. 你找到你作文需要的信息了吗？3. 你能告诉我一些关于你刚才谈话的那个人的信息吗？4. 她将会遇到一个她很多年没有见的朋友。5. 我们昨天早上听的报告真的很有趣。检测题（三）：用关
32、系词 who, which, that 完成句子1. If people drink the water _ is polluted, they will get ill.2. I saw Sandy _ left just now on the train.3. That is the player _ scored three goals in our school football match last week.4. The girl _ comes from the UK will visit the Palace Museum tomorrow.5. Is this the boo
33、k _ Simon asked for?6. Id like to say “thank you” to the policeman_ helped me find the way yesterday.7. People in HongKong _ heard the surprising news all felt shocked.答案：1. which/ that 2. who/ that 3. who/ that 4. who/ that 5. which/ that6. who/ that 7. Who学法升华一、 知识收获1. 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词分别有哪些？2. 先行词指物的时候，用哪些关系代词引导？关系词指人的时候，用哪些关系代词引导？3.关系代词 that 和 which 的区别是什么？2、 方法总结1）判断句子是否是定语从句，找到构成定语从句的几个部分，因为宾语从句一般置于动词后，所以动词后的不是定语从句；2）若句子是定语从句，找到先行词3）若先行词代替的是人，则用 who 或者 that若先行词代替的是物，则用 which 或者 that若先行词既是人又是物，则只能用 that3、 技巧提炼考引导词：读题找出先行词（是人或物？）选择正确的连词（注意that 与 which、that 与 who 的区别）课后作业一、选择题
