1、被动语态1 概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。二被动语态的用法 (1) 动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用 by 短语。 Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons. (2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night
2、. (3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by 短语。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。三构成形式 由“助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时肯定句 主语+am/is/are+done(过去主语 主语分词) +was/were +done +shall/will be +done主语+be going to be done否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+done主语+was/were+not don
3、e主语+shall/will be+not done一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语+done？Was/Were+主语+done?Will/Shall+主语+be+done?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+done?特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语 +be done?四主动语态变被动语态的方法 My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 执行者 动词 承受者 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 承受者 谓语 by+执行者 1
4、).把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2).把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3).把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。五被动语态的特殊结构形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave h
5、im a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后
6、面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词 ”， “动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 六注意事项：1.不及物动词没有被动语态：happen ,take p
7、lace ,appear , hold (容纳)2.系动词没有被动语态： look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .如：The dish tastes good .3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well.4. need 表示需要时，后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于 to be done .如：All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need to be repaired练习一出
8、下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态1、 Novels entrance many readers.2、 When will you paint your house? 3、 The check will be delivered when they are ready.4、 Many countries are experiencing drought.5、 Many countries have experienced drought.二：将下列句子变为被动语态1. We watched the children sing that morning.2. The wind blew his ha
9、t down the street 3. They ask me to help them.4. He found the door close.5. They will send Cyril to prison.6. The secretary will mail these letters tomorrow.7. Someone ought to wash those dishes right way.8. The factory produced 5 000 cars every day.9. They will hold the charity show in the school h
10、all.10. Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.3选择( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build ( )2.An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened ( )3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B
11、.are grown C.grows D.grow ( )4.Great changes _ in China. A. are happened B. was happened C. has happened D. have happened ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.ha
12、ve been planted D.planted( )7.These books _. So many people are interested in them. A. are sold well B. sell well C. sell good D. sell badly( )8.Neither of them _ in China. A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made ( )9.If small trees _, they will grow up quickly. A. take good care of B. take good car
13、e C. are taken good care of D. are taken good care( )10.Your shoes _. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn ( )11.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( )12.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A.
14、did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used ( )13.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known ( )14.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.wa
15、s sent D.will be sent ( )16.Who _ this book _? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written ( )17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )19.The
16、 monkey was seen _ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump ( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put ( )21.Older people _ well. A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after 四用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1. When _ the first man-made sat
17、ellite _(send)up into space ? 2. Last year vegetables _ (grow) in the garden by Tom and he _ (sell) them himself. 3. She _ (help)him with his homework tomorrow evening. 4. How many magazines _ ( can borrow) in your library every week ? 5. John _ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago. 6. Who _ (save) h
18、er father ? He _ (save) by that policeman. 7. The doctor _ (send for) because his grandpa was ill. 8. Moon cakes _ (make) by his mother every year . _ your mother _ (make) moon cakes for you every year ? 9. Some toys _ (buy) as a presents for these children last Monday. 10. _ paper _ (make) of wood ?
