1、 大学四级英语套题阅读理解Directions:In this section there are some passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements with four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You are supposed to read the passage and make the best choice to complete each question or unfinished statement. Then type
2、 the answer in the blank on the web page.题数:10;分数:20 分;参考时间:20 分 0 秒题 57 - 61 Passage 1 For more than years we have known, or could have known, that there is an unconscious to counterbalance consciousness. Medical psychology has furnished all the necessary empirical (经验主义的) and experimental proofs o
3、f an unconscious psychic reality that demonstrably influences consciousness and behavior. All this is known, but no practical conclusions have been drawn from it. We still go on thinking and acting as if we were simplex and not duplex. Accordingly, we imagine ourselves to be innocuous, reasonable, a
4、nd humane. We do not think of distrusting our motives, or of asking ourselves how the inner man feels about the things we do in the outside world, but actually it is frivolous(无关紧要的), superficial, and unreasonable of us, as well as psychically unhygienic (不洁净的 ), to overlook the reaction and viewpoi
5、nt of the unconscious.One can regard ones stomach or heart as unimportant or even worthy of contempt, but nevertheless overeating and overexertion have consequences that affect the whole man. Yet we think that psychic mistakes and their consequences can be erased by mere words, for “psychic“ means l
6、ess than air to most people. All the same, nobody can deny that without the psyche there would be no world at all and still less a human world. Virtually everything depends on the human soul and its functions. It is worthy of all the attention we can give it, especially today when everyone admits th
7、at the weal or woe of the future will be decided of world-wide epidemics, but rather by the psychic changes in man.Only an almost imperceptible disturbance of equilibrium (平衡) in a few of our rulers heads could plunge the world into blood, fire, and radio-activity. The technical means to this destru
8、ction are available to both sides. And certain conscious deliberations, uncontrolled by an inner opponent, can be all too easily indulged, as we have already seen from the example of one “leader.“ The consciousness of modern man still clings so much to outward objects that he believes them exclusive
9、ly responsible, as if it were on them that decisions depended. That the psychic state of certain individuals could emancipate (释放) itself for once from the behavior of objects is something that is considered far too little, although irrationalities of this sort are observed every day and can happen
10、to everyone. 57. The author of this selection most likely is a _. A theologian B minister C psychologist D physician 【参考答案】：C 【学生得分】：2.0 【题目解析】：作者在这篇文章里指出长期以来人们对潜意识的作用认识不够，他强调我们应该重视潜意识在人们心理、行为中的作用，力求达到潜意识与心理意识之间的平衡。由此可以推理得知作者是位心理学者。 58. The authors main purpose in writing this selection was to _. A
11、underscore the importance of the study of psychology B point out the danger of ignoring the psychic changes in man C emphasize the danger of atomic war to mankind D belittle the importance of mans physical nature 【参考答案】：B 【学生得分】：2.0 【题目解析】：读完全文后不难看出，作者在强调人们应该重视潜意识(心理) 作用的同时也提醒人们忽视这种作用会带来的可能危险，这种危险的论
12、述主要体现在第二段后两句话中， “不可否认没有了心理，也就没有了世界，没有了人类社会。实际上任何事情都取决于人的精神及其功能。 ”所以这篇文章的主要目的就是告诫人们无视人类心理及其变化的危险。因而选择 B)为正确答案。 59. Two words which the author uses interchangeably are_ A mind and body B heart and soul C soul and psyche D stomach and heart 【参考答案】：C 【学生得分】：0.0 【题目解析】：文章第二段为答案出处。第三句话讲没有了 psyche(心理)也就没有了
13、世界，第四句顺承说到“实际上任何事情都取决于人的 soul(精神)及其功能” ，所以全文交替使用的最为明显的一组词应该是 psyche 和 soul。 60. The writer believes that the fate of the world may depend upon _. A a balance between the conscious and the unconscious is the minds of our leaders B conscious deliberations at the conference table C man present contentm
14、ent with his own humaneness D the efforts of scientists to produce the technical means to destroy the enemy 【参考答案】：A 【学生得分】：2.0 【题目解析】：根据文章第三段第一句话，:“少数领导心理的木易察觉的紊乱与不平就会把世界推向流血、战火甚至核战争中。 ”而且作者还借用 the example of one“leader. ”暗指希特勒来证明他的论断，所以可以推知世界的和平可以说与领导者的心理平和息息相关。 61. It is implied but not stated th
15、at _. A men are too distrustful of their motives B although motives can be either conscious or unconscious, only the conscious can-direct them C it is unhealthy to delve(钻研 )too deeply into ones motives D the psyche is vital to the functioning of a human world 【参考答案】：D 【学生得分】：0.0 【题目解析】：通过对全文的分析，可以看
16、出作者没有明确提出但已点到的一个论点是人的心理对人类社会的正常运作至关重要。所以选择 D)应该为正确答案。 题 62 - 66 Passage 2 Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we observe of preindustrial society
17、 that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid or all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples. Not only for food, but also fo
18、r clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter and a great many other purpose. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact
19、with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discov
20、ered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the, next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would incre
21、asingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grow wild-and the accumulated knowledge of tents of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild begin to fade away. 62. Wh
22、ich of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage?_ A They probably had extensive knowledge of plants, B They thought there was no need to cultivate crops. C They did not enjoy the study of botany. D They placed great importance on the ownership of property. 【参考答案】：A 【学
23、生得分】：0.0 【题目解析】：根据文章第一段第二句话: 我们无从知晓我们石器时代的祖先对于植物已掌握了多少知识，但依据我们对前工业化社会的观察，对于植物及其特性的详细的了解早已存在。由此可以判断的出选项 A)为正确答案。 63. The comment “This is logical“ in Paragraph 1 means _. A there is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestors knowledge of plants B it is not surprising that early human had a
24、 detailed knowledge of plants C it is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in preindustrial societies D human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed 【参考答案】：B 【学生得分】：0.0 【题目解析】：作者开篇就提出了他的猜测: 早期的人类对于植物的了解已经相当丰富而广泛了；接着就这种猜测他评论到:这是非常符合常理的；然后他用演绎法对他的评论进行论
25、证。显而易见选择 B)应该为本题的正确答案。 64. According to the passage, the first great step toward the practice of agriculture was _. A the invention of agricultural implements and machinery B the development of a system of names for plants C the discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted D the changi
26、ng diets of early humans 【参考答案】：C 【学生得分】：2.0 【题目解析】：根据文中第二段第三句话:当一万年前生活在中东地区的新石器时代的祖先们发现了有些草可以收割，播种下这些草的种子，来年可得到更多的收获时，人类就已迈出了与植物建立新的纽带的第一步。选项 C)就是这句话的向义转述。 65. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relationship between zoology (the study of animals) and _. A deer hunting
27、 B bird watching C sheep raising D horseback riding 【参考答案】：C 【学生得分】：2.0 【题目解析】：根据作者在文中的论述:谷物的发现和种植引发了农业生产的繁荣，从此人类就可以通过种植二些植物从而掌握自己的生活，而无需盲目地在野外找寻食物。其实，人类与动物的关系也是如此: 当人类开始驯化和饲养野生动物后，人类社会的生活就发生了质的变化。所以选项 C)为正确答案。 66. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?_ A From the
28、existing primitive societies we can learn that our ancient ancestors knew a lot about plants. B Plants are rather important to both ancient and present peoples. C Thousands of years passed before humans entered agricultural age. D With the industrial development, humans have more direct contact with
29、 plants. 【参考答案】：D 【学生得分】：0.0 【题目解析】：通读全文后可以发现，只有选择 D)的论述与原文不符。依据文章第二段第一句话: 工业社会越发展，人类与植物的亲密接触就越少，人类对于植物的了解就越模糊。快速阅读Directions:In this section you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.题数 :10;分数:10 分;参考时间:15 分 0 秒题 67 - 76 Passage 1 Genetically Modified Foods-Fe
30、ed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries wit
31、h long agrarian traditions-and vocal green lobbies the idea seems against nature.In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the
32、 Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.Risks that the world is facingYet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain,
33、 genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed pop
34、ulations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth
35、will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (I
36、SAAA).The UN estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of childbearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A
37、 deficiency, a leading cause of blindness. Tens of millions of people suffer from other major ailments and nutritional deficiencies caused by lack of food.How can biotech help?Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene(-胡萝卜素) which the body convert
38、s into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity m places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.Damage caused
39、by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroys 40 million tons of the worlds corn crop annually, about 7% of the total. Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantl
40、y. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops .might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassava crop a key source of calories to the mosaic vir
41、us. Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many stap
42、le-crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in rice has been identified.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested.Far from being the whole answerY
43、et for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population c
44、annot afford to buy the food those farmers produce.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries. Taken as a whole, the world produces enough food to feed everyone but much of it is simply in the wrong place. Especially in countries with undeveloped transport in
45、frastructures, geography restricts food availability as dramatically as genetics promises to improve it.Biotech has its own “distribution“ problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research on genetically modified crops. Their products are of
46、ten too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products wont even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup(重获 )the high costs of product development. But
47、 some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries, A London-based company, for example, has announced that it will share with developing countries technology needed to produce vitamin-enriched “golden rice“.More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries.
48、 But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies both local and in developed countries and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, for example, is successfully partnering with the US Agency for I
49、nternational Development, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Will “Frankenfoods“ feed the world? Biotech is not a panacea(万灵药), but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suf
