1、大学英语(1)部分课文译文与课后练习答案Unit 1 现在时. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1 Im afraid I cant finish the work _to help me. A. unless you will comeB. unless you comeC. until you will comeD. until you shall come 正确答案:B答案讲解:在时间、条件状语从句中,往往用一般现在时来表示将来的动作,故可以排除A、C 和 D。根据题意,选择“除非你来
2、帮我,否则我恐怕完不成工作”更合情理,所以答案为 B。 2 We can go when the ground_. A. is dryingB. has driedC. driedD. dry 正确答案:B答案讲解:有时为了明确在时间上分句动作的完成先于主句的动作,也可用现在完成时表示将来某一时刻前完成的动作,但不能用将来完成时的形式。因此,答案为 B,意为 “当地面干了以后,我们就可以走了。 ” 3 Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand_. A. feel so coldlyB. is feeling so coldC. feels so cold
3、D. is felt so cold 正确答案:C答案讲解:主语 your hand 是单数形式,谓语动词也应选择单数形式,故可以排除 A。表示主语具有的特征、状态时应用一般现在时,故又可以排除 B。表示某物给人以某种感觉时应用主动语态,所以选 C,意为 “过来坐在火边,你的手很凉” 。 4 Various programs_on TV. World news_best received. A. will show, areB. are shown, isC. are showing, isD. have shown, are 正确答案:B答案讲解:第一句话的主语 various progra
4、ms 是复数,故应选择复数的谓语动词,而第二句话的主语 world news 是单数,要对应单数的谓语动词,这样便可以排除 A 和 D。节目应该是被播出,所以应该选择被动语态,故答案为 B,意为“电视上播出各种节目,世界新闻最受欢迎” 。 5 I cant find my dictionary.I wonder whether Mary_it now. A. haveB. hasC. is havingD. had 正确答案:B答案讲解:有些动词不能构成进行时,主要有以下几种。(1)表示“存在” 的动词:be,consist,exist 等。(2)表示“所有”的动词:belong,have,k
5、eep,own , possess 等。(3)表示“知觉”的动词:feel,hear,small,see,understand 等。(4)表示“认识”的动词:believe,find,know 等。(5)表示“感情”的动词:hate,like,love 等。因此,答案为 B,意为“我找不到我的字典了,我想知道是否玛丽拿了” 。 6 Im sorry to have kept you waiting.Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will 正确答案:A答案讲解:时间状语 on
6、ly a few minutes 表示“我在这儿等了一段时间了” ,这个动作从过去发生一直延续到现在,应用现在完成时,所以答案为 A,意为“对不起让你久等了。噢,没关系,我刚来几分钟” 。 7 Do I have to take this medicine? It _ so terrible. A. tastesB. is tastingC. is tastedD. has tasted 正确答案:A答案讲解:谓语动词 taste 表示主语 it 具有的特征、状态,应用一般现在时,故可以排除B 和 D。表示某物尝起来怎么样应用主动语态,所以选 A,意为“我必须吃这药吗?尝着太苦了” 。 8 W
7、hen I was a child, my teacher told me that the earth _round. A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. is 正确答案:D答案讲解:动词表示普遍事实和客观真理时,应用一般现在时。 “地球是圆的”是一个客观事实,所以不管主句是什么时态,谓语动词应为一般现在时,即 D 为正确答案,意为“当我小的时候,我的老师告诉我地球是圆的” 。 9 There is too much snow these days, isnt there?Yes, it _for a few days. A. was snowingB. has b
8、een snowingC. had been snowingD. snowed 正确答案:B答案讲解:时间状语 for a few days 表示“雪已经下了好几天了” ,根据上下文可知最近一直在下雪。 “下雪”这个动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,强调动作的继续性质,所以应用现在完成进行时,即答案为 B,意为 “最近几天一直在下雪,不是吗?是啊,已经下了好几天了” 。 10 Can I join your club, Dad?Yes, you can when you _a bit older. A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got 正
9、确答案:A答案讲解:在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的动作,所以在本句中when 引导的从句应用一般现在时,即选 A,意为“爸爸,我可以加入你们的俱乐部吗?当你长大一些就可以啊” 。 11 Our team _every match so far this year, but we still have three more games to play. A. was winning B. has wonC. had wonD. wins 正确答案:B答案讲解:时间状语 so far this year 表示现在刚完成的动作,强调过去所发生的动作对现在的影响,所以应用现在完成时,
10、即选 B,意为“今年到目前为止,我们已经打赢了每场比赛,但是我们还有三场比赛要打” 。 12 It is Friday today. My parents and I _New York on Saturday. A. are flying toB. shall be fly forC. have flown toD. will be flying for 正确答案:A答案讲解:表示按计划、安排和打算,不久将要发生的动作,可以用现在进行时代替一般将来时,所以答案应为 A,意为 “今天是星期五,我和父母打算周六飞到纽约” 。 13 If it _ tomorrow, well go swimmi
11、ng. A. doesnt rain B. isnt rainingC. dont rainD. isnt to rain 正确答案:A答案讲解:在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的动作,所以本题应选A,意为“如果明天不下雨,我们就去游泳 ”。 14 When he _ all the goods, hell, of course, go home. A. will sellB. has soldC. sellsD. will have sold 正确答案:B答案讲解:在时间和条件状语从句中,可用现在完成时代替将来完成时,所以本题应选B,意为“当他卖完了所有的货物,他当然会回家 ”
12、。 15 Dont talk so loudly. Your father _ . A. sleepsB. is sleepingC. sleptD. has slept 正确答案:B答案讲解:根据上下文,可知“父亲此时正在睡觉,所以不要大声说话” ,所以应选择现在进行时,即答案为 B。 Unit 2 过去时. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1 He _the Communist Party_2002. A. has joined, inB. has joined, sinceC. joi
13、ned, onD. joined, in 正确答案:D解析:本句意为“他在 2002 年加入了共产党” ,这是对过去发生的事件的陈述,应该用一般过去时,所以答案为 D。本句不能选择完成时态,因为动词 join 不能表示动作的持续性,所以也就不能和 since 引导的时间状语连用。 2 Kate said that _. A. she had finished writing the composition the night beforeB. she had finished writing the composition last dayC. I finished writing the c
14、omposition on the last nightD. she finished writing the composition before the night 正确答案:A解析:从句动词 finished 所表示的动作发生在主句动词 said 之前,所以从句应用过去完成时。时间状语 last day 是一般过去时的标志性短语,所以不能选 B。正确答案为 A,意思是“凯特说她昨晚就完成作文了” 。 3 My classmate_a lot of good deeds for others. A. has been doneB. did C. was doingD. had done 正
15、确答案:B解析:本句是对过去发生的事件的陈述,意思是“我的同学为他人做了很多好事” ,所以应该用一般过去时,即选 B。 4 Jack_ in the street when I_on him. A. walkedcalledB. was walking was callingC. walked was callingD. was walking called 正确答案:D解析:本句的意思是“我拜访杰克时,他正在街上走” ,表示当一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行,所以应该选择过去进行时和一般过去时,即答案为 D。 5 Did you enjoy last nights concert?Yes
16、. Though the last piece_rather poorly. A. was playedB. playedC. was playingD. playing 正确答案:A解析:本句的意思是“你喜欢昨晚的音乐会吗?是的,虽然最后一曲不怎么样” 。分析句子结构,主语为 the last piece,可知此处应该选择被动语态,而这件事情发生在昨晚,所以应用一般过去时,即答案为 A。 6 David _himself while he _the machine. A. hurted was fixingB. hurts is fixingC. hurt fixedD. hurt was
17、fixing 正确答案:D解析:本句的意思是“大卫修机器的时候,弄伤了自己” ,表示当一个动作正在进行时,另外一个动作突然发生,所以应该选择过去进行时和一般过去时。动词 hurt 的过去时形式是hurt,所以答案为 D。 7 It _ whether he will go on with his study at the university. A. hasnt been decidedB. isnt decidedC. hasnt decidedD. doesnt decide 正确答案:A解析:it 在句中作形式主语,代替 whether 引导的从句,指的是“他能否上大学”这件事情。某一“
18、事件”作主语时应该选择被动语态,故可以排除 C 和 D。本句的意思是“这件事情还没有决定” ,强调的是目前的情况,所以要用现在完成时,所以答案为 A,意思是“他能否上大学这事儿还没定下来” 。 8 He said that he _to the United States. A. had never beenB. had never goneC. was neverD. has never been 正确答案:A解析:have been to a place 的意思是说话时已经去过某地,现在已经回来了;have gone to a place 的意思是说话时已经去某地了,现在还没有回来。本句的
19、主句是一般过去时,所以从句应该选择过去完成时,即答案为 A,意为“他说他从没去过美国” 。 9 This time last year I _my holiday in the countryside. A. haveB. was havingC. am havingD. have had 正确答案:B解析:根据时间状语 this time last year(去年的这个时候) ,我们可知本句的动词应用过去进行时,所以答案为 B,意为 “去年的这个时候,我正在乡下度假” 。 10 Where is Mary?She _ to school. A. will goB. has beenC. ha
20、s goneD. went 正确答案:C解析:have been to a place 的意思是说话时已经去过某地,现在已经回来了;have gone to a place 的意思是说话时已经去某地了,现在还没有回来。分析句意,Mary 在说话时去学校了,还没回来,所以答案为 C,意为“玛丽在哪?她去学校了” 。 11 Im sorry that I_you had been there already. A. wont know B. didnt knowC. dont knowD. havent known 正确答案:B解析:从句 you had been there already 用的
21、是过去完成时,可知动词 know 应该选用相应的过去时态,所以答案为 B,意为 “对不起,我不知道你已经到这儿了” 。 12 It_hard when I left the house. A. is rainingB. rainsC. was rainingD. will rain 正确答案:C解析:根据时间状语从句 when I left the house(当我离开家的时候)可知主句应表示“天正在下雨” ,所以应该选择进行时态。从句用的是一般过去时,主句也应用相应的过去时态,所以答案为 C,意思是“当我离开家的时候,天正在下雨” 。 13 Tim _ a great number of d
22、ifferent places in Australia. A. already has visited B. has already visitedC. has visited alreadyD. has ever visited 正确答案:B解析:在完成时态中,副词 already 和 just 等应放在助动词 have、has、had 和动词过去分词之间,所以答案为 B,意思是 “汤姆已经游览了澳大利亚很多不同的地方” 。 14 Up to now, I _ very successful. A. am notB. havent beenC. was notD. were not 正确答
23、案:B解析:根据时间状语 up to now(直到现在) ,我们可知本句的动词应用完成时态,所以答案为 B,意思是“到目前为止我还不是很成功 ”。 15 The wheat _cut three days ago. A. wereB. has beenC. hadD. was 正确答案:D解析:短语 three days ago 是一般过去时的时间状语,主语 the wheat 是不可数名词,所以应选 D,意思是“麦子三天前就割了 ”。 Unit 3 将来时. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
24、 1 One_if one breaks the law. A. will be punishedB. will punishC. is being punishedD. has been punished 正确答案:A解析:one 和 punish 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。根据条件状语从句 if one breaks the law 可知 punish 这个动作没有发生,应该用一般将来时,所以答案为 A,意思是“如果一个人触犯法律,就会受到惩罚” 。 2 If you_quiet, Ill tell you what happened. A. beB. are to be C. are
25、D. will be 正确答案:C解析:如果主句是一般将来时,在条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以本题应选 C,意思是“如果你安静下来,我就告诉你发生了什么” 。 3 Middle school boys_not to smoke. A. always tellB. are told alwaysC. are always told D. is always told 正确答案:C解析:主语 middle school boys 是复数,而且与谓语动词 tell 之间是被动关系,这样可以排除 A 和 D。副词 always 应该放在助动词和实义动词之间,所以应该选 C,意思是
26、“中学男生总是被告知不要抽烟” 。 4 If you study hard, you_the examination. A. has passedB. are passingC. have passedD. will pass 正确答案:D解析:分析句意,即“如果你好好学习,你就会通过考试” ,可知 pass 这个动作还没有发生,应该用一般将来时,所以选 D。 5 John does a lot of housework every evening, but now he _his schoolmates with their lessons. A. help B. is helpingC.
27、helpsD. has helped 正确答案:B解析:根据 but 后面的时间状语 now 可知这一动作正在进行中,应该用现在进行时,所以选 B,意思是“约翰每天傍晚做很多的家务活,但是现在他正在帮助他的同学们复习功课” 。6 The song _by children. A. is often sung B. was often sungC. singsD. has often sung 正确答案:A解析:主语 the song 是单数,和谓语动词 sing 之间是被动关系,而副词 often 表明是经常发生的动作,应用一般现在时,所以答案为 A,意思是“孩子们经常唱这首歌” 。 7 By
28、 the end of 2020 China _much stronger and richer. A. will becomeB. would becomeC. is becomingD. will have become 正确答案:D解析:根据时间状语 by the end of 2020 可知本句表示在未来的时间点之前将会完成的动作,应该用将来完成时,所以答案为 D,意思是“到 2020 年末,中国将会变得更加强大、富有”。 8 It _years since I last saw you. A. wasB. isC. will beD. has been 正确答案:D解析:根据时间状语
29、 since I last saw you,可知前面的动作是从过去发生一直持续到现在,应该用完成时态,所以选 D,意思是 “自从我上次看见你已经过去很多年了” 。 9 The room_often cleaned by the worker. A. hasB. will be C. wasD. is 正确答案:D解析:主语 the room 是单数,和谓语动词 clean 之间是被动关系,而副词 often 表明是经常发生的动作,应用一般现在时,所以选 D,意思是“房间经常由工人打扫” 。 10 The railway_in three years. A. is completeB. will
30、 completedC. has completedD. will be completed 正确答案:D解析:根据时间状语 in three years 可知这个动作将要发生,应该用一般将来时态,而主语railway 和谓语 complete 之间是被动关系,所以答案为 D,意思是“铁路将在三年内完成” 。11 The Anti-Japanese War_in 1937 and it_eight years. A. break out lastB. was broken out lastedC. broke out lastD. broke out lasted 正确答案:D解析:根据时间状
31、语 in 1937 可知这是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。主语 the Anti-Japanese Warr 和谓语 broke out 是主动关系,不能用被动语态,所以答案为 D,意思是“抗日战争爆发于 1937 年,持续了 8 年之久” 。 12 _you_there before? A. Have, beenB. Have, gone C. Have, been toD. Have gone to 正确答案:A解析:本题意为“你以前去过哪儿吗?” ,表明说话时双方都不在那个地方,应该用 have been to 结构,所以答案为 A。 13 Tom _ his lessons from
32、 seven to eight last night. A. was doingB. had doneC. were takenD. had been taken 正确答案:A解析:时间状语 from seven to eight last night 表示的是一段时间,所以应该用过去进行时,意思是“汤姆昨晚从 7 点到 8 点这段时间正在学习功课” ,所以答案为 A。 14 He_thin. What happened to him? A. was gettingB. is gettingC. will gettingD. had been got 正确答案:B解析:本句表示的是汤姆现在处于
33、的一种状态,应该用现在进行时态,所以答案为 B,意思是“他变得瘦了,发生了什么事情?” 。 15 I _my homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finishedD. had finished 正确答案:C解析:此句用现在完成时表示某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,意思是“我现在已经完成了作业” ,所以应该选 C。 Unit 4 动词的语态. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1 That factory _ nearly 50 years a
34、go. A. has been builtB. had builtC. was builtD. has built 正确答案:C答案讲解:根据时间状语 nearly 50 years ago,可知谓语动词应该用一般过去时;而主语 the factory 和谓语 build 之间是被动关系,所以答案为 C。句子的意思是:“这个工厂修建于50 年前。 ” 2 We all believe that computer_ smaller and smaller in the coming years. A. can be becomeB. will be gotC. will be changedD.
35、 can turn 正确答案:D答案讲解:此题意思是:“我们都相信在未来几年中计算机会变得越来越小。 ”能表达此意的只有 A、B 和 D 选项。动词 become、get 和 turn + adj.可以构成主系表结构,且不用被动语态,所以答案应选 D。 3 He _ not to leave waste paper in public places any more. A. warnsB. warnedC. is warnedD. was warned 正确答案:D答案讲解:分析句子结构,主语 he 和谓语 warn 之间是被动关系,而这件事很明显是发生在过去,所以答案为 D。句子的意思是: “他被警告不要再把废纸扔在公共场所。 ” 4 Dont worry. Everything will_in time. A. be finishedB. finishC. finishedD. be finishing 正确答案:A答案讲解:主语 everything 和谓语动词 finish 之间是被动关系。在将来时态中,被动语态形式为“主语+will be + V.p.p.”,所以答案为 A。句子的意思是:“不要担心,每件事都会按时完成。 ”