1、第四课时 语法知识 词法（3）五、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括 be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词） 。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量词） ”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“ 很 ”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。 （目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）1、be 动词（ am, is, are, ）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在他她它，所有复数全用 ar
2、e。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.4）be 动词的否定形式：am not（没
3、有缩写形式） ，are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。2、助动词（ do, does, ）do, does 用于一般现在时，它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般现在时中，does 用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词 do；助动词 do, does,后面一定要用动词原形。3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can 、could、shall、shoul
4、d、will、would、may、注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。 （不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt, 注意：may not 和 shall not（无缩写形式）4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live 等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、（1）动词原形情态动词 + 动词原形 help+动词原形 助动词+ 动词原形have to+动词原形 Shall we +动词原形 祈使句动词原形开头want +to+动词原形 ho
5、w +to+动词原形 would like +to+动词原形Would you like + to+动原 be happy +to+动词原形 Let +宾格+ 动词原形Its time +to+动词原形 cant wait to+动词原形 （2）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以 “s”， “x”， “sh”， “ch”结尾时，加 “es”，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以 “辅音字母+y”结尾时，变 “y”为“i” 再加“es” ，如： carry c
6、arries, study studies 。（3）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A、一般直接加“ing”，如： go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning,
7、 forget forgetting 。be+动词 ing no+动词 ing go+动词 inglike+动词 ing love+动词 ing start+动词 ingbegin+动词 ing stop+动词 inghow about/What about+动词 ing be good at+动词 in 不是祈使句，放在句子开头的动词要加 ing练一练：一、 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. What _ you doing here? 2. Jimmy _ absent from school last Monday. 3. There _ a lot of people here ye
8、sterday. 4. We _ going to give her the key tomorrow.5. Smith and I _ at the barbers last night. 6. There _ a tree, a tiver, and many flowers on the picture. 7. That pair of shoes_ (be) new.二、用适当的助动词填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) -What _ she _ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her fri
9、ends.3) -What_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.4) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I _.三、用动词的适当形式填空。（1）I _to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. We like _to school very much. ( go )（2）They usually _lunch at home. ( have )（3）My sister likes _very much. She o
10、ften _at our school festival. She _beautifully. ( sing )（4）What _ he usually _on Sunday? He usually _his homework. Look! He _his homework now. ( do )（5）Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Do you like _moon cakes Yes, I do. ( eat )(6) I want _ apples.(pick)四、写出下列动词的现在分词。put _ give _ fly _get _ dance _ sit_ run _ take _ swim _ask _ stop _ take _
