1、常用缓冲溶液的配制方法1 甘氨酸盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L)X 毫升 0.2 mol/L 甘氨酸+Y 毫升 0.2 mol/L HCI,再加水稀释至 200 毫升pH X Y pH X Y2.02.42.62.85050505044.032.424.216.83.03.23.43.65050505011.48.26.45.0甘氨酸分子量 = 75.07,0.2 mol/L 甘氨酸溶液含 15.01 克 /升。2邻苯二甲酸盐酸缓冲液(0.05 mol/L)X 毫升 0.2 mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢钾 + 0.2 mol/L HCl,再加水稀释到 20 毫升pH(20 ) X Y pH(20
2、) X Y2.22.42.62.83.0555554.0703.9603.2952.6422.0223.23.43.63.855551.4700.9900.5970.263邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量 = 204.23,0.2 mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢溶液含 40.85 克/升3磷酸氢二钠柠檬酸缓冲液pH 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4(毫升)0.1mol/L柠檬酸(毫升)pH 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4(毫升)0.1mol/L柠檬酸(毫升)2.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.04.24.44.64.85.00.401.242.183.174.114.945.706.44
3、7.107.718.288.829.359.8610.3010.6018.7617.8216.8315.8915.0614.3013.5612.9012.2911.7211.1810.6510.149.705.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.010.7211.1511.6012.0912.6313.2213.8514.5515.4516.4717.3918.1718.7319.1519.459.288.858.407.917.376.786.155.454.553.532.611.831.270.850.55Na2HPO4 分子量 = 14.
4、98,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 28.40 克/升。Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 178.05,0.2 mol/L 溶液含 35.01 克/升。C4H2O7H2O 分子量 = 210.14,0.1 mol/L 溶液为 21.01 克/升。4柠檬酸氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液pH 钠离子浓度(mol/L)柠檬酸(克)C6H8O7H2O氢氧化钠(克)NaOH 97%盐酸(毫升)HCl(浓)最终体积(升) 2.23.13.34.35.35.86.50.200.200.200.200.350.450.382102102102102452852668483838314418615616011610645
5、6810512610101010101010 使用时可以每升中加入 1 克克酚,若最后 pH 值有变化,再用少量 50% 氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节,冰箱保存。5柠檬酸柠檬酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L)pH 0.1 mol/L柠檬酸(毫升)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠(毫升)pH 0.1 mol/L柠檬酸(毫升)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠(毫升)3.03.23.43.63.84.04.24.44.64.818.617.216.014.914.013.112.311.410.39.21.42.84.05.16.06.97.78.69.710.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.6
6、8.27.36.45.54.73.82.82.01.411.812.713.614.515.316.217.218.018.6柠檬酸 C6H8O7H2O:分子量 210.14,0.1 mol/L 溶液为 21.01 克/升。柠檬酸钠 Na3 C6H5O72H2O:分子量 294.12,0.1 mol/L 溶液为 29.41 克/ 毫升。6乙酸乙酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L)pH(18 )0.2 mol/LNaAc(毫升)0.3 mol/LHAc(毫升)pH(18 )0.2 mol/LNaAc(毫升)0.3 mol/LHAc(毫升)2.63.84.04.24.44.60.751.201.802
7、.653.704.909.258.808.207.356.305.104.85.05.25.45.65.85.907.007.908.609.109.404.103.002.101.400.900.60Na2Ac3H2O 分子量 = 136.09,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 27.22 克/升。7磷酸盐缓冲液(1)磷酸氢二钠磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(0.2)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4(毫升)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4(毫升)pH0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4(毫升)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4(毫升)5.85.96.06.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.86.98.0
8、10.012.315.018.522.526.531.537.543.549.555.092.090.087.785.081.577.573.568.562.556.551.045.07.07.17.27.37.47.57.67.77.87.98.061.067.072.077.081.084.087.089.591.593.094.739.033.028.023.019.016.013.010.58.57.05.3Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 178.05,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 85.61 克/ 升。Na2HPO412H2O 分子量 = 358.22,0.2 mol/L 溶液为
9、71.64 克/ 升。Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 156.03,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 31.21 克/ 升。(2)磷酸氢二钠磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(1/15 mol/L)pH mol/L/15Na2HPO4(毫升)mol/L/15KH2PO4(毫升)pH mol/L/15Na2HPO4(毫升)mol/L/15KH2PO4(毫升)4.925.295.916.246.476.646.816.980.100.501.002.003.004.005.006.009.909.509.008.007.006.005.004.007.177.387.738.048.348.678.187.008.0
10、09.009.509.759.9010.003.002.001.000.500.250.100Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 178.05,1/15M 溶液为 11.876 克 /升。KH2PO4 分子量 = 136.09,1/15M 溶液为 9.078 克/ 升。8磷酸二氢钾氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M)X 毫升 0.2M K2PO4 + Y 毫升 0.2N NaOH 加水稀释至 29 毫升pH(20) X (毫升) Y(毫升) pH(20 ) X (毫升) Y(毫升)5.86.06.26.46.66.85555550.3720.5700.8601.2601.7802.3657.07.27
11、.47.67.88.05555552.9633.5003.9504.2804.5204.6809巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液(18)pH 0.04M 巴比妥 0.2V 盐酸 pH 0.04M 巴比 0.2N 盐酸(毫钠溶液 妥钠溶液(毫升)升)6.87.07.27.47.67.88.08.210010010010010010010010018.417.816.715.313.411.479.397.218.48.68.89.09.29.49.61001001001001001001001005.213.822.521.651.130.700.35巴比妥钠盐分子量=206.18;0.04M 溶液为 8.
12、25 克/ 升10Tris盐酸缓冲液(0.05M,25)50 毫升 0.1M 三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)溶液与 X 毫升 0.1N 盐酸混匀后,加水稀释至 100毫升。pH X(毫升 ) pH X(毫升 )7.107.207.307.407.507.607.707.807.908.0045.744.743.442.040.338.536.634.532.029.28.108.208.308.408.508.608.708.808.9026.222.919.917.214.712.410.38.57.0三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)HOCH2 CH2OHCHOCH2 NH2分子量=121.14;
13、0. 1M 溶液为 12.114 克/升。Tris 溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳,使用时注意将瓶盖严。11硼酸硼砂缓冲液(0.2M 硼酸根)pH 0.05M 硼砂(毫升)0.2M 硼砂(毫升)pH 0.05M 硼砂(毫升)0.2M 硼酸(毫升)7.47.67.88.01.01.52.03.09.08.58.07.08.28.48.79.03.54.56.08.06.55.54.02.0硼砂 Na2B4O7H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M 溶液(=0.2M 硼酸根)含 19.07 克/升。硼酸 H2BO3,分子量=61.84,0.2M 溶液为 12.37 克/ 升。硼砂易失去结晶水,必须在
14、带塞的瓶中保存。11硼酸-硼砂缓冲液(0.2M 硼酸根)pH 0.05M 硼砂(毫升)0.2M 硼酸(毫升)pH 0.05M 硼砂(毫升)0.2M 硼酸(毫升)7.47.67.88.01.01.52.03.09.08.58.07.08.28.48.79.03.54.56.08.06.55.54.02.0硼砂 Na2B4O710H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M 溶液(=0.2M 硼酸根)含 19.07 克/升。硼酸 H2BO3,分子量=61.84, 0.2M 溶液为 12.37 克/ 升。硼砂 易失去结晶水,必须在带塞的瓶中保存。12甘氨酸氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M)X 毫升 0.2M
15、甘氨酸+Y 毫升 0.2NnaOH 加水稀释至 200 毫升pH X Y pH X Y8.68.89.09.29.450505050504.06.08.812.016.89.69.810.010.410.6505050505022.427.232.038.645.5甘氨酸分子量=75.07;0.2M 溶液含 15.01 克/ 升。13硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M 硼酸根)X 毫升 0.05M 硼砂+Y 毫升 0.2NNaOH 加水稀释至 200 毫升pH X Y pH X Y9.39.49.65050506.011.023.09.810.010.150505034.043.046.0硼砂
16、Na2B4O710H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M 溶液为 19.07 克/ 升。14碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液(0.1M)Ca2+、Mg 2+存在时不得使用pH20 370.1MNa2CO3(毫升) 0.1MN2HCO3(毫升)9.169.409.519.789.9010.1410.2810.5310.838.779.129.409.509.729.9010.0810.2810.57123456789987654321Na2CO210H2O 分子量=286.2;0.1M 溶液为 28.62 克/ 升。N2HCO3 分子量=84.0;0.1M 溶液为 8.40 克/ 升。15 “PBS”缓
17、冲液PH 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0H2ONaClNa2HPO4NaH2PO410008.52.20.110008.52.20.210008.52.20.3100ml8.5g2.2g0.4gPH 计校正溶液配置的标准方法1)pH4,邻苯二甲酸氢钾标准缓冲液:精密称取在 1155干燥 23 小时的邻苯二甲酸氢钾KHC8H4O410.12g,加水使溶解并稀释至 1000ml。 2)pH7,磷酸盐标准缓冲液(pH7.4):精密称取在 1155干燥 23 小时的无水磷酸氢二钠 4.303g 与磷酸二氢钾1.179g,加水使溶解并稀释至 1000ml。另补充:磷酸盐标准缓冲液(pH6.8) 精密称取在 1155干燥 23 小时的无水磷酸氢二钠 3.533g 与磷酸二氢钾 3.387g,加水使溶解并稀释至 1000ml。3)pH9,硼砂标准缓冲液:精密称取硼砂Na2B4O710H2O3.80g(注意:避免风化),加水使溶解并稀释至1000ml,置聚乙烯塑料瓶中,密塞,避免与空气中二氧化碳接触。